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Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin istilacı yabancı türleri

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 120 - 129, 21.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.349894

Öz

Türkiye, coğrafi konumu, jeomorfolojik yapısı, mikro-iklim çeşitliliği, bitki coğrafyası bakımından üç farklı flora bölgesinin birleşim yerinde bulunmasından dolayı bitkisel tür çeşitliliği bakımından önemli bir ülkedir. Biyolojik çeşitliliği tehdit eden faktörlerin en başında habitat parçalanması ve bunun sonucu olarak habitat kaybı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Habitat parçalanmaları doğal yollarla da olabileceği gibi çoğunluğu antropojen kökenli (yanlış arazi kullanımı, yol yapımı, ormancılık faaliyetleri vb.) olmaktadır. Biyolojik çeşitliliği tehdit eden bu faktör beraberinde yabancı türlerin doğal habitatlara yerleşmesine neden olmaktadır. Mevcut hali ile toplam cins altı taksonlarının 11.707 olarak belirtildiği ülkemiz florasında, yetiştirilme veya doğallaşma gibi farklı yollarla ülkemiz florasına giriş yapan yabancı bitki türleri de bulunmaktadır. Ülkemiz doğal florasında yer almayan bu bitki türlerinin 340 adet olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi sahip olduğu iklim özellikleri ve yanlış arazi kullanımı gibi sebeplerden dolayı yabancı bitki türlerinin rahatlıkla yerleşebileceği bir yer konumundadır. Bu çalışmada Espiye Orman Planlama Birimi içerisinde 2015-2016 yılları arasında yapılan arazi gözlemleri ile istilacı yabancı bitkiler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Espiye Orman Planlama Birimi içerisinde yayılış yapan 19 istilacı yabancı bitki türü tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlere ilave olarak istilacı bitkilerden Tradescantia fluminensis ve Oenothera glazioviana türleri için yeni bir yayılış alanları saptanmıştır. Tespit edilen istilacı yabancı türlerden 6 tanesi odunsu, 13 tanesi ise otsu türdür. İstilacı yabancı bitkilerin 1 tanesi Pinidae alt sınıfına ait olup, diğer 18 tanesi Magnoliidae alt sınıfına aittir. Tespit edilen bitki türlerinden 12 tanesi için Giresun ilinden ilk defa kayıt verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Aellen, P., 1967. Amaranthus L. In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol. 2, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 340-344.
  • Brundu, G., Aksoy, N., Brunel, S., Eliáš, P., Fried, G., 2011. Rapid surveys for inventorying alien plants in the Black Sea region of Turkey. EPPO Bulletin 41: 208–216.
  • Byfield, A.J., 2000. Ambrosia L. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., ve Başer, K.H.C., (Eds.), Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 151.
  • Butchart, S.H., Walpole, M., Collen, B., van Strien, A., Scharlemann, J.P., Almond, R.E. vd., 2010. Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science, 328 (5982): 1164-1168.
  • CBD, 2010. The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention in Biological Diversity at Its Tenth Meeting, X/2. https://www.cbd.int/sp/, Erişim: 13 Ekim 2016.
  • Chamberlain, D. F., 1970a. Acacia L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 3, Edinburg University Press.Edinburgh, pp. 9.
  • Chamberlain, D. F., 1970b. Pseudoacacia L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 3, Edinburg University Press.Edinburgh, pp. 41.
  • Christenhusz, M. J., Byng, J. W., 2016. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa, 261(3): 201-217.
  • Coşkunçelebi, K., Terzioğlu, S., Vladimirov, V., 2007. A New Alien Species For the Flora of Turkey: Bidens frondosa L. (Asteraceae), Turkish Journal of Botany, 31: 477-479.
  • Cullen, J., 1967a. Ailanthus L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 2, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 508.
  • Cullen, J., 1967b. Phytolacca L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 2, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 347-348.
  • DAISIE, 2008. European Invasive Alien Species Gateway. http://www.europe-aliens.org/index.jsp, Erişim: 21 Şubat 2016.
  • Davis, P.H., (1965–1985) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1-9, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Davis, P., H., Harper, P., C., Hedge, I., C., 1971. Plant Life of South-West Asia, The Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
  • Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K., 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Davies, C.E., Moss, D., Hill, M.O., 2004. EUNIS habitat classification revised 2004. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen and European Topic Centre on Nature Protection and Biodiversity, Paris.
  • EPPO, 2016. EPPO activities on Invasive Alien Plants. http://www.eppo.int/ Invasive Plants, Erişim: 19 Mart 2016.
  • Elton, C.S., 1958. The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Progress in Physical Geography 31: 659–666.
  • Eminağaoğlu, Ö., Özcan, M., Kültür, Ş., 2012. Contributions to the leaf and stem anatomy of Tradescantia fluminensis: an alien species new to the flora of Turkey. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2): 270.
  • Grierson, A.J.C., 1975a. Erigeron L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 5, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 124-129.
  • Grierson, A.J.C., 1975b. Conyza L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 5, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 132-133.
  • Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K.H.C., 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • Holmes, T.P., Aukema, J.E., Von Holle, B., Liebhold, A., Sills, E., 2009. Economic impacts of invasive species in forests. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1162(1): 18-38.
  • Holzmueller, E.J., Jose, S., 2013. What makes alien plants so successful? Invasive Plant Ecology, In: Jose S, Singh HP, Batish DR ve Kohli RK (eds.), 288 s.
  • Keller, R.P., Geist, J., Jeschke, J.M., Kühn, I., 2011. Invasive species in Europe: ecology, status, and policy. Environmental Sciences Europe, 23(1): 1-17.
  • Kettunen, M., Genovesi, P., Gollasch, S., Pagad, S., Starfinger, U., ten Brink, P., Shine, C., 2009. Technical support to EU strategy on invasive species (IAS) Assessment of the impacts of IAS in Europe and the EU. Institute for European Environmental Policy.
  • Lake, J.C., Leishman, M.R., 2004. Invasion success of exotic plants in natural ecosystems: The role of disturbance, plant attributes and freedom from herbivores. Biological Conservation, 117(2):215–226.
  • Liebhold, A. M., Brockerhoff, E. G., Kalisz, S., Nuñez, M. A., Wardle, D. A., Wingfield, M. J. 2017. Biological invasions in forest ecosystems. Biological Invasions, 19:3073–3077.
  • Lowe S. J., Browne, M., Boudjelas, S., 2000. 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. Published by the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), Auckland, New Zeland.
  • Mack, R.N., Simberloff, D., Mark, L.W., Evans, H., Clout, M., Bazzaz, F.A., 2000. Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological applications, 10 (3): 689-710.
  • MacDougall, A. S., Gilbert, B., Levine, J. M., 2009. Plant invasions and the niche. Journal of Ecology, 97(4): 609-615.
  • MEA, 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems & Human Well-being – Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC.
  • Önen, H., 2015. Türkiye İstilâcı Bitkiler Kataloğu. Ezgi Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • Özhatay, N., Kültür, Ş., Gürdal, B., 2013. Check-list of additional taxa to the Supplement Flora of Turkey VI. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 43(1): 33–82.
  • Özhatay, N., Kültür, Ş., Gürdal, B., 2015. Check-list of additional taxa to the Supplement Flora of Turkey VII. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 45(1): 61–86.
  • Özhatay, N., Kültür, Ş., Gürdal, B., 2017. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey VIII. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 47(1), 30-44.
  • Pianka, E.R., 1970. On r- and k-selection. The American Naturalist, 104: 592–597.
  • Pimentel, D., Zuniga, R., Morrison, D., 2005. Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien‑invasive species in the United States. Ecological Economics, (52): 273–288.
  • Pyšek, P., Richardson, D.M., 2010. Invasive species, environmental change and management, and health. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35: 25-55.
  • Raunkiaer, C., 1937. The life forms of plants and statictical plant geography, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 147 s.
  • Sakai, A.K., Allendorf, F.W., Holt, J.S., Lodge, D.M., Molofsky, J., With, K.A., Baughman, S., Cabin, R.J., Cohen, J.E., Ellstrand, N.C., McCauley, D.E., O’Neil, P., Parker, I.M., Thompson, J.N., Weller, S.G., 2001. The population biology of invasive species. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 32: 305–332.
  • Scalera, R., Genovesi, P., Essl, F., Rabitsch, W., 2012. The impacts of invasive alien species in Europe. Avrupa Çevre Ajansı Teknik Raporu, No:16/2012.
  • Scholz, H., 1985. Paspalum L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 9, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 595-597.
  • Scholz, H., Byfield, A. 2000. Three grasses new to Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 24(4): 263-268.
  • Simberloff, D., 2011. How common are invasion-induced ecosystem impacts? Biological invasions, 13(5): 1255-1268.
  • Sinden, J., Jones, R., Hester, S., Odom, D., Kalisch, C., James, R., Cacho, C., 2004. The Economic Impact of Weeds in Australia. CRC for Australian Weed Management, Technical Series Report No. 8. Glen Osmond, South Australia: University of Adelaide.
  • Sokol, N. W., Kuebbing, S. E., Bradford, M. A., 2017. Impacts of an invasive plant are fundamentally altered by a co‐occurring forest disturbance. Ecology, 98(8):2133-2144.
  • Şenel, F., Başköse, İ., Tuğ, G.N., 2014. Contributions to the flora of the region between Alucra-Espiye-Yaglidere (Giresun/Turkey) within the prepontic zone. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7 (3): 58-73.
  • Tan, K., 1984. Commelina L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 8, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 554-555.
  • Terzioğlu, S., Anşin, R., 1999. A contribution to exotic plants of Turkey: Sicyos angulatus L. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(3): 359-362.
  • Terzioğlu, S., Anşin, R., Kanoğlu, E., 2003. A new record for Turkey: Solidago canadensis L. Turkish Journal of Botany, 27:155-157.
  • Uludağ, A., Aksoy, N., Yazlık, A., Arslan, Z. F., Yazmış, E., Üremiş, I., Cossu, T.A., Groom, Q., Pergl, J., Pysek, P., Brundu, G., 2017. Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes. NeoBiota, 35: 61–85.
  • EEA, 2017. EUNIS habitat type hierarchical view. European Environmental Agency. http://eunis.eea. europa.eu/habitats-code-browser.jsp., Erişim: 25 Nisan 2017.
  • Wagner, V., Chytrý, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Pergl, J., Hennekens, S., Biurrun, I., Knollová, I., Berg, C., Vassilev, K., Rodwell, J.S., Škvorc, Ž., Jandt, U., Ewald, J., Jansen, F., Tsiripidis, I., Botta-Dukát, Z., Casella, L., Attorre, F., Rašomavičius, V., Ćušterevska, R., Schaminée, J.H.J, Brunet, J., Lenoir, J., Svenning, J-C., Kącki, Z., Petrášová-Šibíková, M., Šilc, U., García-Mijangos, I., Campos, J.A., Fernández-González, F.,
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  • Yüzbaşıoğlu, İ.S., 2014. Oenothera parodiana (Onagraceae): a new alien species record for the flora of Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7(2):122-126.

Invasive alien species in Espiye (Giresun) Forest Planning Unit

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 120 - 129, 21.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.349894

Öz

Turkey is an important country in terms of plant species diversity due to its geographical location, geomorphological structure, micro-climate diversity, plant geography and its combination with three different flora regions. Habitat fragmentation and loss of habitat are the leading factors that threaten biological diversity. Habitat fragmentation may occur naturally or anthropogenic origin (wrong land use, road construction, forestry activities, etc.). This factor, which threatens biodiversity, causes alien species to settle in natural habitats. With 11,707 taxa in Turkey, there are also alien plant species that enter Turkey's flora in different ways such as introducing or naturalizing. It has been determined that there are 340 of alien plant species which are not included in the natural flora of our country. The Eastern Black Sea Region is a place where alien plant species can easily settle because of reasons such as climate characteristics and misuse of lands. In this study, field observations were made between 2015-2016 years in Espiye Forest Planning Unit. 19 invasive alien plant species were identified in the Espiye Forest Planning Unit. In addition to these invasive plants species, we have determined new spreading areas for the species; Tradescantia fluminensis and Oenothera glazioviana. Of the 19 invasive alien species identified, 6 are woody, 13 are herbaceous species. One of the invasive alien plants belongs to Pinidae sub-class and the other 18 belongs to the Magnoliidae sub-class. 12 of the plant species identified were recorded for the first time in Giresun province.

Kaynakça

  • Aellen, P., 1967. Amaranthus L. In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol. 2, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 340-344.
  • Brundu, G., Aksoy, N., Brunel, S., Eliáš, P., Fried, G., 2011. Rapid surveys for inventorying alien plants in the Black Sea region of Turkey. EPPO Bulletin 41: 208–216.
  • Byfield, A.J., 2000. Ambrosia L. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., ve Başer, K.H.C., (Eds.), Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 151.
  • Butchart, S.H., Walpole, M., Collen, B., van Strien, A., Scharlemann, J.P., Almond, R.E. vd., 2010. Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science, 328 (5982): 1164-1168.
  • CBD, 2010. The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Decision Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention in Biological Diversity at Its Tenth Meeting, X/2. https://www.cbd.int/sp/, Erişim: 13 Ekim 2016.
  • Chamberlain, D. F., 1970a. Acacia L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 3, Edinburg University Press.Edinburgh, pp. 9.
  • Chamberlain, D. F., 1970b. Pseudoacacia L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 3, Edinburg University Press.Edinburgh, pp. 41.
  • Christenhusz, M. J., Byng, J. W., 2016. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa, 261(3): 201-217.
  • Coşkunçelebi, K., Terzioğlu, S., Vladimirov, V., 2007. A New Alien Species For the Flora of Turkey: Bidens frondosa L. (Asteraceae), Turkish Journal of Botany, 31: 477-479.
  • Cullen, J., 1967a. Ailanthus L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 2, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 508.
  • Cullen, J., 1967b. Phytolacca L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 2, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 347-348.
  • DAISIE, 2008. European Invasive Alien Species Gateway. http://www.europe-aliens.org/index.jsp, Erişim: 21 Şubat 2016.
  • Davis, P.H., (1965–1985) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1-9, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Davis, P., H., Harper, P., C., Hedge, I., C., 1971. Plant Life of South-West Asia, The Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
  • Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K., 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Davies, C.E., Moss, D., Hill, M.O., 2004. EUNIS habitat classification revised 2004. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen and European Topic Centre on Nature Protection and Biodiversity, Paris.
  • EPPO, 2016. EPPO activities on Invasive Alien Plants. http://www.eppo.int/ Invasive Plants, Erişim: 19 Mart 2016.
  • Elton, C.S., 1958. The ecology of invasions by animals and plants. Progress in Physical Geography 31: 659–666.
  • Eminağaoğlu, Ö., Özcan, M., Kültür, Ş., 2012. Contributions to the leaf and stem anatomy of Tradescantia fluminensis: an alien species new to the flora of Turkey. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2): 270.
  • Grierson, A.J.C., 1975a. Erigeron L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 5, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 124-129.
  • Grierson, A.J.C., 1975b. Conyza L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 5, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 132-133.
  • Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K.H.C., 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
  • Holmes, T.P., Aukema, J.E., Von Holle, B., Liebhold, A., Sills, E., 2009. Economic impacts of invasive species in forests. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1162(1): 18-38.
  • Holzmueller, E.J., Jose, S., 2013. What makes alien plants so successful? Invasive Plant Ecology, In: Jose S, Singh HP, Batish DR ve Kohli RK (eds.), 288 s.
  • Keller, R.P., Geist, J., Jeschke, J.M., Kühn, I., 2011. Invasive species in Europe: ecology, status, and policy. Environmental Sciences Europe, 23(1): 1-17.
  • Kettunen, M., Genovesi, P., Gollasch, S., Pagad, S., Starfinger, U., ten Brink, P., Shine, C., 2009. Technical support to EU strategy on invasive species (IAS) Assessment of the impacts of IAS in Europe and the EU. Institute for European Environmental Policy.
  • Lake, J.C., Leishman, M.R., 2004. Invasion success of exotic plants in natural ecosystems: The role of disturbance, plant attributes and freedom from herbivores. Biological Conservation, 117(2):215–226.
  • Liebhold, A. M., Brockerhoff, E. G., Kalisz, S., Nuñez, M. A., Wardle, D. A., Wingfield, M. J. 2017. Biological invasions in forest ecosystems. Biological Invasions, 19:3073–3077.
  • Lowe S. J., Browne, M., Boudjelas, S., 2000. 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. Published by the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), Auckland, New Zeland.
  • Mack, R.N., Simberloff, D., Mark, L.W., Evans, H., Clout, M., Bazzaz, F.A., 2000. Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological applications, 10 (3): 689-710.
  • MacDougall, A. S., Gilbert, B., Levine, J. M., 2009. Plant invasions and the niche. Journal of Ecology, 97(4): 609-615.
  • MEA, 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems & Human Well-being – Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC.
  • Önen, H., 2015. Türkiye İstilâcı Bitkiler Kataloğu. Ezgi Ofset Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • Özhatay, N., Kültür, Ş., Gürdal, B., 2013. Check-list of additional taxa to the Supplement Flora of Turkey VI. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 43(1): 33–82.
  • Özhatay, N., Kültür, Ş., Gürdal, B., 2015. Check-list of additional taxa to the Supplement Flora of Turkey VII. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 45(1): 61–86.
  • Özhatay, N., Kültür, Ş., Gürdal, B., 2017. Check-list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey VIII. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University, 47(1), 30-44.
  • Pianka, E.R., 1970. On r- and k-selection. The American Naturalist, 104: 592–597.
  • Pimentel, D., Zuniga, R., Morrison, D., 2005. Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien‑invasive species in the United States. Ecological Economics, (52): 273–288.
  • Pyšek, P., Richardson, D.M., 2010. Invasive species, environmental change and management, and health. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35: 25-55.
  • Raunkiaer, C., 1937. The life forms of plants and statictical plant geography, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 147 s.
  • Sakai, A.K., Allendorf, F.W., Holt, J.S., Lodge, D.M., Molofsky, J., With, K.A., Baughman, S., Cabin, R.J., Cohen, J.E., Ellstrand, N.C., McCauley, D.E., O’Neil, P., Parker, I.M., Thompson, J.N., Weller, S.G., 2001. The population biology of invasive species. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 32: 305–332.
  • Scalera, R., Genovesi, P., Essl, F., Rabitsch, W., 2012. The impacts of invasive alien species in Europe. Avrupa Çevre Ajansı Teknik Raporu, No:16/2012.
  • Scholz, H., 1985. Paspalum L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 9, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 595-597.
  • Scholz, H., Byfield, A. 2000. Three grasses new to Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 24(4): 263-268.
  • Simberloff, D., 2011. How common are invasion-induced ecosystem impacts? Biological invasions, 13(5): 1255-1268.
  • Sinden, J., Jones, R., Hester, S., Odom, D., Kalisch, C., James, R., Cacho, C., 2004. The Economic Impact of Weeds in Australia. CRC for Australian Weed Management, Technical Series Report No. 8. Glen Osmond, South Australia: University of Adelaide.
  • Sokol, N. W., Kuebbing, S. E., Bradford, M. A., 2017. Impacts of an invasive plant are fundamentally altered by a co‐occurring forest disturbance. Ecology, 98(8):2133-2144.
  • Şenel, F., Başköse, İ., Tuğ, G.N., 2014. Contributions to the flora of the region between Alucra-Espiye-Yaglidere (Giresun/Turkey) within the prepontic zone. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7 (3): 58-73.
  • Tan, K., 1984. Commelina L. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.), Vol. 8, Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh, pp. 554-555.
  • Terzioğlu, S., Anşin, R., 1999. A contribution to exotic plants of Turkey: Sicyos angulatus L. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(3): 359-362.
  • Terzioğlu, S., Anşin, R., Kanoğlu, E., 2003. A new record for Turkey: Solidago canadensis L. Turkish Journal of Botany, 27:155-157.
  • Uludağ, A., Aksoy, N., Yazlık, A., Arslan, Z. F., Yazmış, E., Üremiş, I., Cossu, T.A., Groom, Q., Pergl, J., Pysek, P., Brundu, G., 2017. Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes. NeoBiota, 35: 61–85.
  • EEA, 2017. EUNIS habitat type hierarchical view. European Environmental Agency. http://eunis.eea. europa.eu/habitats-code-browser.jsp., Erişim: 25 Nisan 2017.
  • Wagner, V., Chytrý, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Pergl, J., Hennekens, S., Biurrun, I., Knollová, I., Berg, C., Vassilev, K., Rodwell, J.S., Škvorc, Ž., Jandt, U., Ewald, J., Jansen, F., Tsiripidis, I., Botta-Dukát, Z., Casella, L., Attorre, F., Rašomavičius, V., Ćušterevska, R., Schaminée, J.H.J, Brunet, J., Lenoir, J., Svenning, J-C., Kącki, Z., Petrášová-Šibíková, M., Šilc, U., García-Mijangos, I., Campos, J.A., Fernández-González, F.,
  • Wohlgemuth, T., Onyshchenko, V., Pyšek, P., 2017. Alien plant invasions in European woodlands. Diversity and Distributions, 23(9):969-981.
  • Xu, H., Qiang, S., Genovesi, P., Ding, H., Wu, J., Meng, L., Han, Z., Miao, J., Hu, B., Guo, J., Sun, H., Huang, C., Lei, J., Le, Z., Zhang, X., He, S., Wu, Y., Zheng, Z., Chen, L., Jarosik, V., Pysek, P., 2012. An inventory of invasive alien species in China. NeoBiota, 15: 1-26.
  • Yüzbaşıoğlu, İ.S., 2014. Oenothera parodiana (Onagraceae): a new alien species record for the flora of Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7(2):122-126.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Karaköse 0000-0003-0534-3996

Sefa Akbulut

Mahmut M. Bayramoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2018
Kabul Tarihi 29 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaköse, M., Akbulut, S., & Bayramoğlu, M. M. (2018). Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin istilacı yabancı türleri. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 19(2), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.349894
AMA Karaköse M, Akbulut S, Bayramoğlu MM. Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin istilacı yabancı türleri. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Temmuz 2018;19(2):120-129. doi:10.18182/tjf.349894
Chicago Karaköse, Mustafa, Sefa Akbulut, ve Mahmut M. Bayramoğlu. “Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin Istilacı Yabancı türleri”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 19, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2018): 120-29. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.349894.
EndNote Karaköse M, Akbulut S, Bayramoğlu MM (01 Temmuz 2018) Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin istilacı yabancı türleri. Turkish Journal of Forestry 19 2 120–129.
IEEE M. Karaköse, S. Akbulut, ve M. M. Bayramoğlu, “Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin istilacı yabancı türleri”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 19, sy. 2, ss. 120–129, 2018, doi: 10.18182/tjf.349894.
ISNAD Karaköse, Mustafa vd. “Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin Istilacı Yabancı türleri”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 19/2 (Temmuz 2018), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.349894.
JAMA Karaköse M, Akbulut S, Bayramoğlu MM. Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin istilacı yabancı türleri. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2018;19:120–129.
MLA Karaköse, Mustafa vd. “Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin Istilacı Yabancı türleri”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 19, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 120-9, doi:10.18182/tjf.349894.
Vancouver Karaköse M, Akbulut S, Bayramoğlu MM. Espiye (Giresun) Orman Planlama Birimi’nin istilacı yabancı türleri. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2018;19(2):120-9.