Türkiye’de Karadeniz ormanlarında saf veya karışık ormanlar kuran doğu ladini Picea orientalis (L.) Link), önemli bir orman ağacı olması yanında estetik görüntüsü nedeniyle park ve bahçelerde süs bitkisi olarak faydalanılmaktadır. Giresun ili merkezi orman, park ve bahçelerinde yapılan incelemede, doğu ladini üzerinde Coccus hesperidum L. Physokermes piceae Schrank (Coccidae), Dynaspiotus britannicus (Balachowsky) (Diaspididae) ve Phenacoccus piceae Löw (Pseudococcidae) türlerinin zararlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye faunası için yeni bir kayıt olan P. piceae (Ladin unlubiti) morfolojik özellikleri ile tanıtılmıştır. Bu unlubit ile Nephus caneparii Fürsh & Uygun (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Cardiastethus nazarenus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Sympherobius pygmaeus (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) ve Coccidiphila gerasimovi (Danilevsky) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) türlerinin beslendiği saptanmıştır. Ladin unlubitinin önemli morfolojik karakterlerinin yanı sıra, tüm türlerin biyolojisi, yayılışı, zararı hakkında literatüre dayalı bilgi verilmiştir.
Argyriou, L.C., 1990. Olive. In: Rosen, D. (Ed.), Armored Scale Insects, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. World Crop Pests 4B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 579-583.
Arslan, M., Çelem, H., 2001. Exotic Trees and Plants of Ankara. Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, TARP Publications, Ankara.
Ayhan, B., Ülgentürk S., 2011. Phenology of Dynaspidiotus britannicus (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on the cedar in Ankara. In: Procedings of the 4th Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, 2011 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, p.38.
Balachowsky, A.S., 1948. Les cochenilles de France, d'Europe, du nord de l'Afrique et du bassin Méditerranéen. IV. Monographie des Coccoidea, classification - Diaspidinae (Premiere partie). Entomologie Appliquée Actualités Scientifiques et Industrielles 1054: 243-394.
Farjon, A., 2013. Picea orientalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-RLTS.T42332A2973275.en.
Çanakçıoğlu, H., 1977. Türkiye 'de Orman Ağaçları ve Ağaççıklarında Zarar Yapan Coccoidea (Hom.) Türleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar (Sistematik-Yayılış-Konukçu-Biyoloji), İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayınları: 2322, İstanbul.
Danzig, E.M., 2006. Mealybugs of the genus Phenacoccus Ckll. (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) in the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries. II.. Entomological Review, 86(2): 197-227.
García, M. M., Denno, B.D., Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Ben-Dov, Y., Hardy, N.B., 2016. ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. doi: 10.1093/database/bav118. http://scalenet.info.
Gedminas, A., Lynikienè, J., Marciulynas, A., Povilaitienè, A., 2015. Effect of Physokermes piceae Schrank on shoot and needle growth in Norway spruce stands in Lithuania. Baltic Forestry, 21:162–169.
Hadzibejli, Z.K., 1969. On Marchalina caucasica, sp. n. (Homoptera, Coccoidea) from the Caucasus. Entomological Review, 48: 391-398.
Johnson, W.T., Lyon, H.H., 1994. Insects that feed on trees and shrubs second edition. Cornell University press, London.
Kaydan, M. B., Ülgentürk, S., Erkılıç, L., 2013. Checklist of Turkish Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha) species. Bulletin of Turkish Entomology, 3: 157-182.
Kaydan, M. B., Ülgentürk, S., Özdemir, I., Ulusoy, M.R., 2014. Coccoidea (Hemiptera) species in Bartın and Kastamonu Provinces. Bulletin of Plant Protection, 54 (1): 11-44.
Kaydan, M.B., Kılınçer, N., Uygun, N., Japoshvili G., Gaimari, S., 2006. Parasitoids and Predators of Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Ankara, Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 34(4):331-337.
Kemal, M., Koçak, A., 2009. Revised Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. PRIAMUS Serial Publication of the Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara. Supplement 17, 254 pp.
Koster, S.C., Sammut, P., 2006. Faunistic notes on Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae and Cosmopterigidae from the Maltese Islands. Nota Lepidopterologica, 29(1/2):49–63.
Kosztarab, M., Kozár, F., 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado. Budapest Hungary.
Kunkel, H., 1997. Scale Insect Honeydew as Forage for Honey Production. In: Ben-Dov,Y., Hodgson, C.J., (Eds.), Soft Scale Insects - Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Vol. 7A, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 291-302.
Selmi, E., 1979. The Research on harmful Coccoidea (Hemiptera) Species on Coniferous tree in the Marmara Region. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry. Serial: A, 29: 92- 127.
Turguter, S., Ülgentürk, S., 2006. Physokermes piceae (Schrank) (Yumrulu Ladin Koşnili) (Hemiptera; Coccidae)’nin biyolojik özellikleri. Tarım Bilim Dergisi, 12:44-50.
Tezcan, S., Uygun, N., 2003. Evaluation of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) fauna of ecologically managed cherry orchards in İzmir and Manisa Provinces of Turkey. Journal of Turkish Entomology, 27(1): 73-79
Ülgentürk, S., Çanakçıoğlu, H., Toper, A., 2004. Scale insects of the conifer trees in Turkey and their zoogeographical distribution. Journal of Pest Sciences, 77: 99–104.
Ülgentürk, S., Şahin, Ö., Ayhan, B., Sarıbaşak, H., Kaydan, M.B., 2012a. Scale insects species of Taurus cedar in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36: 113–121.
Ülgentürk, S., Evren, N., Ayhan, B., Dostbil, Ö., Dursun, O., Civelek, H.S., 2012b. Scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) species on pine trees of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36: 623–636.
Ülgentürk S., Szentkirályi F., Uygun N., Fent M., Gaimari S.D., Civelek H.S., Ayhan B., 2013. Predators of Marchalina hellenica Genn. (Hemiptera: Marchalinidae) on pine forest in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 41(2):529-537
Ülgentürk, S., Özdemir, I., Muştu, M., Dostbil Ö., Erbaş, C., 2019a. Pest species of Aphidomorpha and Coccomorpha (Hemiptera) on Conifers urban areas of Ankara Turkey. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 14 (1): 51-61.
Ülgentürk, S., Özdemir, I., Cosic, B., Kurnaz A.Ö., İpek A., Sorkun K., 2019b. Honeydew producing insects and their potential honeydew honey in Turkey. The 3rd International Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity 05-08 July 2017, Minsk – Belarus, p. 71.
Williams, D.J., 2004. Mealybugs of Southern Asia. The Natural History Museum Kuala Lumpur: Southdene SDN. BHD.
Williams, D.J., Kosztarab, M., 1972. Morphology and systematics of the Coccidae of Virginia with notes on their biology (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Research division Bulletin, 74, Virginia.
Yiğit, A., Telli, S., 2013. Hatay ili turunçgillerinde zararlı Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) ’un yayılışı, konukçuları ve doğal düşmanları. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37(3):359-373.
Zahradnik, J., 1990. Forest: conifers. In: Rosen, D. (Ed.) Armored scale insects: Their biology, natural enemies and control, 4B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 633–644.
Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on oriental spruce
Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link) is an important forest trees and forms pure or mixed stands in the Black Sea region, Turkey. It is also utilized as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks. To determine coccoid species infesting oriental spruce in Giresun Province, forest, parks and gardens located in the city center of Giresun was surveyed. Results revealed four scale insects: namely, Coccus hesperidum L., Physokermes piceae Schrank (Coccidae), Dynaspiotus britannicus (Balachowsky) (Diaspididae), and Phenacoccus piceae Löw (Pseudococcidae) which is a new record for the Turkish fauna. Oriental spruce mealybug P. piceae was found to be associated with Nephus caneparii Fürsh & Uygun (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae), Cardiastethus nazarenus Reuter (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Sympherobius pygmaeus (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) and Coccidiphila gerasimovi (Danilevsky) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae). Important morphological characters of oriental spruce mealybug were presented, and additionally, information on biology, distribution and damage of scale insects feeding on oriental spruce has been given based on the literature.
Argyriou, L.C., 1990. Olive. In: Rosen, D. (Ed.), Armored Scale Insects, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. World Crop Pests 4B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 579-583.
Arslan, M., Çelem, H., 2001. Exotic Trees and Plants of Ankara. Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, TARP Publications, Ankara.
Ayhan, B., Ülgentürk S., 2011. Phenology of Dynaspidiotus britannicus (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on the cedar in Ankara. In: Procedings of the 4th Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, 2011 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, p.38.
Balachowsky, A.S., 1948. Les cochenilles de France, d'Europe, du nord de l'Afrique et du bassin Méditerranéen. IV. Monographie des Coccoidea, classification - Diaspidinae (Premiere partie). Entomologie Appliquée Actualités Scientifiques et Industrielles 1054: 243-394.
Farjon, A., 2013. Picea orientalis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-RLTS.T42332A2973275.en.
Çanakçıoğlu, H., 1977. Türkiye 'de Orman Ağaçları ve Ağaççıklarında Zarar Yapan Coccoidea (Hom.) Türleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar (Sistematik-Yayılış-Konukçu-Biyoloji), İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayınları: 2322, İstanbul.
Danzig, E.M., 2006. Mealybugs of the genus Phenacoccus Ckll. (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) in the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries. II.. Entomological Review, 86(2): 197-227.
García, M. M., Denno, B.D., Miller, D.R., Miller, G.L., Ben-Dov, Y., Hardy, N.B., 2016. ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. doi: 10.1093/database/bav118. http://scalenet.info.
Gedminas, A., Lynikienè, J., Marciulynas, A., Povilaitienè, A., 2015. Effect of Physokermes piceae Schrank on shoot and needle growth in Norway spruce stands in Lithuania. Baltic Forestry, 21:162–169.
Hadzibejli, Z.K., 1969. On Marchalina caucasica, sp. n. (Homoptera, Coccoidea) from the Caucasus. Entomological Review, 48: 391-398.
Johnson, W.T., Lyon, H.H., 1994. Insects that feed on trees and shrubs second edition. Cornell University press, London.
Kaydan, M. B., Ülgentürk, S., Erkılıç, L., 2013. Checklist of Turkish Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha) species. Bulletin of Turkish Entomology, 3: 157-182.
Kaydan, M. B., Ülgentürk, S., Özdemir, I., Ulusoy, M.R., 2014. Coccoidea (Hemiptera) species in Bartın and Kastamonu Provinces. Bulletin of Plant Protection, 54 (1): 11-44.
Kaydan, M.B., Kılınçer, N., Uygun, N., Japoshvili G., Gaimari, S., 2006. Parasitoids and Predators of Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Ankara, Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 34(4):331-337.
Kemal, M., Koçak, A., 2009. Revised Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Turkey. PRIAMUS Serial Publication of the Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara. Supplement 17, 254 pp.
Koster, S.C., Sammut, P., 2006. Faunistic notes on Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae and Cosmopterigidae from the Maltese Islands. Nota Lepidopterologica, 29(1/2):49–63.
Kosztarab, M., Kozár, F., 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Akademiai Kiado. Budapest Hungary.
Kunkel, H., 1997. Scale Insect Honeydew as Forage for Honey Production. In: Ben-Dov,Y., Hodgson, C.J., (Eds.), Soft Scale Insects - Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Vol. 7A, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 291-302.
Selmi, E., 1979. The Research on harmful Coccoidea (Hemiptera) Species on Coniferous tree in the Marmara Region. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry. Serial: A, 29: 92- 127.
Turguter, S., Ülgentürk, S., 2006. Physokermes piceae (Schrank) (Yumrulu Ladin Koşnili) (Hemiptera; Coccidae)’nin biyolojik özellikleri. Tarım Bilim Dergisi, 12:44-50.
Tezcan, S., Uygun, N., 2003. Evaluation of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) fauna of ecologically managed cherry orchards in İzmir and Manisa Provinces of Turkey. Journal of Turkish Entomology, 27(1): 73-79
Ülgentürk, S., Çanakçıoğlu, H., Toper, A., 2004. Scale insects of the conifer trees in Turkey and their zoogeographical distribution. Journal of Pest Sciences, 77: 99–104.
Ülgentürk, S., Şahin, Ö., Ayhan, B., Sarıbaşak, H., Kaydan, M.B., 2012a. Scale insects species of Taurus cedar in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36: 113–121.
Ülgentürk, S., Evren, N., Ayhan, B., Dostbil, Ö., Dursun, O., Civelek, H.S., 2012b. Scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) species on pine trees of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36: 623–636.
Ülgentürk S., Szentkirályi F., Uygun N., Fent M., Gaimari S.D., Civelek H.S., Ayhan B., 2013. Predators of Marchalina hellenica Genn. (Hemiptera: Marchalinidae) on pine forest in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 41(2):529-537
Ülgentürk, S., Özdemir, I., Muştu, M., Dostbil Ö., Erbaş, C., 2019a. Pest species of Aphidomorpha and Coccomorpha (Hemiptera) on Conifers urban areas of Ankara Turkey. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 14 (1): 51-61.
Ülgentürk, S., Özdemir, I., Cosic, B., Kurnaz A.Ö., İpek A., Sorkun K., 2019b. Honeydew producing insects and their potential honeydew honey in Turkey. The 3rd International Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity 05-08 July 2017, Minsk – Belarus, p. 71.
Williams, D.J., 2004. Mealybugs of Southern Asia. The Natural History Museum Kuala Lumpur: Southdene SDN. BHD.
Williams, D.J., Kosztarab, M., 1972. Morphology and systematics of the Coccidae of Virginia with notes on their biology (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Research division Bulletin, 74, Virginia.
Yiğit, A., Telli, S., 2013. Hatay ili turunçgillerinde zararlı Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) ’un yayılışı, konukçuları ve doğal düşmanları. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37(3):359-373.
Zahradnik, J., 1990. Forest: conifers. In: Rosen, D. (Ed.) Armored scale insects: Their biology, natural enemies and control, 4B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 633–644.
Ülgentürk, S., & Özdemir, M. (2019). Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on oriental spruce. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(2), 76-79. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.493526
AMA
Ülgentürk S, Özdemir M. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on oriental spruce. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Temmuz 2019;20(2):76-79. doi:10.18182/tjf.493526
Chicago
Ülgentürk, Selma, ve Mustafa Özdemir. “Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on Oriental Spruce”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 20, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2019): 76-79. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.493526.
EndNote
Ülgentürk S, Özdemir M (01 Temmuz 2019) Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on oriental spruce. Turkish Journal of Forestry 20 2 76–79.
IEEE
S. Ülgentürk ve M. Özdemir, “Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on oriental spruce”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 76–79, 2019, doi: 10.18182/tjf.493526.
Ülgentürk S, Özdemir M. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on oriental spruce. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2019;20:76–79.
MLA
Ülgentürk, Selma ve Mustafa Özdemir. “Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on Oriental Spruce”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 20, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 76-79, doi:10.18182/tjf.493526.
Vancouver
Ülgentürk S, Özdemir M. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on oriental spruce. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2019;20(2):76-9.