Öz
Oil-heat treatment is an environmentally friendly method to improve dimensional stabilization of wood. In this process, vegetable oil is used as a heating medium in different temperatures and times. In this study, maritime pine (Pinus pinaster marittima) and poplar (Populus euroamericana) samples subjected to oil heat treatment with safflower, linseed and hazelnut oil at 160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C for 2,4 and 6 hours respectively. Water soaking was performed to untreated and oil-heat treated samples for two weeks. In this period water uptake and tangential swelling of the samples were measured. In addition, compression strength of the samples was determined parallel to the fiber direction. According to the results, oil-heat treatment considerably reduced the water uptake in maritime pine and poplar while the performance of only vacuum heat treatment was similar with control samples. The improvement in tangential swelling was clearly shown in the poplar samples rather than maritime pine. Vacuum-heat treatment and oil-heat treatment increased the compression strength of maritime pine compared to control samples.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Oil-heat treatment Vacuum heat treatment Safflower Linseed oil Hazelnut oil
Proje Numarası
2016-FEN-C-006
Teşekkür
Authors would like to thanks Bartin University, Scientific Research Coordination Office (Project number: 2016-FEN-C-006) for the financial support
Kaynakça
- Awoyemi L, P.A., Cooper, Ung T.Y., 2009. In-treatment cooling during thermal modification of wood in soy oil medium: Soy oil uptake, wettability, water uptake and swelling properties. Eur. J. Wood Prod., 67(4):465–470.
- Bak M., Németh R., 2012a. Changes in swelling properties and moisture uptake rate of oil-heat-treated poplar (Populus euramericana CV. Pannónia) wood. BioResources, 7, 5128–5137.
- Bak, M., Nemeth, R., 2012b. Modification of wood by oil heat treatment. International Scientific Conference on Sustainable Development & Ecological Footprint, March 26-27, Sopron, Hungary.
- Bazyar, B., Parsapajouh, D., Khademieslam, H., 2010. An Investigation on Some Physical Properties of Oil Heat Treated Poplar Wood. Paper Prepared for the 41st Annual Meeting, Biarritz, France.
- Bazyar, B., 2012. Decay resistance and physical properties of oil heat-treated aspen wood. Bioresources, 7: 696-705.
- Bourgois, J., Guyonnet, R., 1988. Characterization and analysis of terrified wood. Wood science and Technology, 22(2): 143-155.
- Dubey, M.K., Pang, S., Walker J., 2012. Oil uptake by wood during heat-treatment and post-treatment cooling, and effects on wood dimensional stability. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(1-3): 183-190.
- Gündüz, G., Aydemir, D., Karakas, G., 2009. The effects of thermal treatment on the mechanical properties of wild pear (Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pall.) wood and changes in physical properties. Materials and Design, 30: 4391–4395.
- Ghalehno, D.M., 2011. Changes in the physical and mechanical properties of Iranian Hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus) with heat treatment. European Journal of Scientific Research, 51(4):490-498.
- Hill, C.A.S., 2006. Wood modification: Chemical, thermal and other processes. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. UK.
- Kamperidou, V., Barboutis, I., Vasileiou, V., 2013. Response of colour and hygroscopic properties of Scots pine wood to thermal treatment. Journal of forestry research, 24(3): 571-575.
- Koski, A., 2008. Applicability of crude tall oil for wood protection. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Technology, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Acta Univ. Oul. C 293.
- Metsä-Kortelainen, S., Antikainen, T., Viitaniemi, P., 2006. The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170 C, 190 C, 210 C and 230 C. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 64(3): 192-197.
- Özan, Z.E., Onat, S.M., Aydemİr, D., 2017. The effects of thermal treatment on the some properties of Scots pine and Uludağ fir woods. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1): 187-193.
- Panov, D., Terziev, N., Daniel, G., 2010. Using Plant Oils as Hydrophobic Substances for Wood Protection, 41. IRG Annual Meeting, May, Biarritz, France, IRG-WP.
- Rapp, A.O., Sailer M., 2000. Heat treatment of wood in Germany—State of the art. In Proceedings of the Seminar on Production of Heat Treated Wood in Europe, Helsinki, 20 November, Tekes Lahontorjuntayhdistys ry Kestopuu.
- Salim, R., Ashaari, Z., Samsi, H.W., Wahab, R., Alamjuri, R.H., 2010. Effect of oil heat treatment on physical properties of semantan bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii Gamble). Modern Applied Science, 4(2): 107.
- Ulvcrona, T., 2006. Impregnation of Norway spruce (Picea Abies L. Karst.) wood with hydrophobic oil. Ph.D Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. 10-30550.
- TS 2472, 2005. Odunda, fiziksel ve mekaniksel deneyler için birim hacim ağırlığı tayini, TSE, Ankara.
- Unsal, O., Ayrilmis, N., 2005. Variations in compression strength and surface roughness of heat-treated Turkish river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood. Journal of Wood Science, 51(4): 405-409.
- Wang, J., Cooper, P., 2005. Effect of oil type, temperature and time on moisture properties of hot oil-treated wood. Holz Roh-Werkst, 63:417–422.
Öz
Yağlı ısıl işlem ahşabın boyut stabilizasyonunu arttırmak için çevre dostu bir yöntemdir. Bu işlemde yağ farklı sıcaklık ve sürelerde ısı ortamı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; sahil çamı (Pinus pinaster marittima ) ve kavak (Populus euroamericana ) odun örnekleri aspir yağı, keten yağı ve fındık yağı ile 160 °C, 180°C ve 200°C’de 2,4 ve 6 saat süre ile ısıl işleme tabi tutulmuşlardır. Yağsız ve yağlı ısıl işleme maruz bırakılmış odun örnekleri için 2 hafta boyunca su alma testi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu süreçte örneklerin su alma ve teğetsel genişleme değerleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca örneklerin liflere paralel basınç direnci değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yağlı ısıl işlem sahil çamı ve kavak örneklerinin su alma oranlarını önemli ölçüde azaltırken, vakum altında ısıl işlem uygulanan örnekler kontrol ile benzer davranışlar sergilemiştir. Kavak örneklerinde teğetsel genişleme sahil çamı örneklerine kıyasla gözle görülür oranda iyileşmiştir. vakum-ısıl işlem ve yağlı ısl işlem kontrol örneklerine kıyasla sahil çamının basınç direncini artırmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yağlı ısıl işlem Vakumlu ısıl işlem Aspir Keten yağı Fındık yağı
Proje Numarası
2016-FEN-C-006
Kaynakça
- Awoyemi L, P.A., Cooper, Ung T.Y., 2009. In-treatment cooling during thermal modification of wood in soy oil medium: Soy oil uptake, wettability, water uptake and swelling properties. Eur. J. Wood Prod., 67(4):465–470.
- Bak M., Németh R., 2012a. Changes in swelling properties and moisture uptake rate of oil-heat-treated poplar (Populus euramericana CV. Pannónia) wood. BioResources, 7, 5128–5137.
- Bak, M., Nemeth, R., 2012b. Modification of wood by oil heat treatment. International Scientific Conference on Sustainable Development & Ecological Footprint, March 26-27, Sopron, Hungary.
- Bazyar, B., Parsapajouh, D., Khademieslam, H., 2010. An Investigation on Some Physical Properties of Oil Heat Treated Poplar Wood. Paper Prepared for the 41st Annual Meeting, Biarritz, France.
- Bazyar, B., 2012. Decay resistance and physical properties of oil heat-treated aspen wood. Bioresources, 7: 696-705.
- Bourgois, J., Guyonnet, R., 1988. Characterization and analysis of terrified wood. Wood science and Technology, 22(2): 143-155.
- Dubey, M.K., Pang, S., Walker J., 2012. Oil uptake by wood during heat-treatment and post-treatment cooling, and effects on wood dimensional stability. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(1-3): 183-190.
- Gündüz, G., Aydemir, D., Karakas, G., 2009. The effects of thermal treatment on the mechanical properties of wild pear (Pyrus elaeagnifolia Pall.) wood and changes in physical properties. Materials and Design, 30: 4391–4395.
- Ghalehno, D.M., 2011. Changes in the physical and mechanical properties of Iranian Hornbeam wood (Carpinus betulus) with heat treatment. European Journal of Scientific Research, 51(4):490-498.
- Hill, C.A.S., 2006. Wood modification: Chemical, thermal and other processes. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. UK.
- Kamperidou, V., Barboutis, I., Vasileiou, V., 2013. Response of colour and hygroscopic properties of Scots pine wood to thermal treatment. Journal of forestry research, 24(3): 571-575.
- Koski, A., 2008. Applicability of crude tall oil for wood protection. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Technology, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Acta Univ. Oul. C 293.
- Metsä-Kortelainen, S., Antikainen, T., Viitaniemi, P., 2006. The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170 C, 190 C, 210 C and 230 C. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 64(3): 192-197.
- Özan, Z.E., Onat, S.M., Aydemİr, D., 2017. The effects of thermal treatment on the some properties of Scots pine and Uludağ fir woods. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1): 187-193.
- Panov, D., Terziev, N., Daniel, G., 2010. Using Plant Oils as Hydrophobic Substances for Wood Protection, 41. IRG Annual Meeting, May, Biarritz, France, IRG-WP.
- Rapp, A.O., Sailer M., 2000. Heat treatment of wood in Germany—State of the art. In Proceedings of the Seminar on Production of Heat Treated Wood in Europe, Helsinki, 20 November, Tekes Lahontorjuntayhdistys ry Kestopuu.
- Salim, R., Ashaari, Z., Samsi, H.W., Wahab, R., Alamjuri, R.H., 2010. Effect of oil heat treatment on physical properties of semantan bamboo (Gigantochloa scortechinii Gamble). Modern Applied Science, 4(2): 107.
- Ulvcrona, T., 2006. Impregnation of Norway spruce (Picea Abies L. Karst.) wood with hydrophobic oil. Ph.D Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. 10-30550.
- TS 2472, 2005. Odunda, fiziksel ve mekaniksel deneyler için birim hacim ağırlığı tayini, TSE, Ankara.
- Unsal, O., Ayrilmis, N., 2005. Variations in compression strength and surface roughness of heat-treated Turkish river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood. Journal of Wood Science, 51(4): 405-409.
- Wang, J., Cooper, P., 2005. Effect of oil type, temperature and time on moisture properties of hot oil-treated wood. Holz Roh-Werkst, 63:417–422.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 2016-FEN-C-006 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 24 Eylül 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3 |
