Etiyopya ve Asya/19 ülkeleri arasındaki odun dışı orman ürünleri ticaretinin rekabetçilik değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 105 - 110, 29.06.2021

Ahmed Zeleke

https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.880850

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2008-2018 dönemleri arasındaki odun dışı orman ürünleri dış ticaretinde Etiyopya ve Asya/19 ülkelerinin rekabet gücünü analiz etmektedir. Çalışma, uyumlaştırılmış (HS) kodları sistemine sahip iki ayrı emtia grubu HS409: Doğal bal; HS130190: Doğal Zamklar, reçineler, Arap zamkı ve oleoresinler baz alınarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Etiyopya'nın Asya/19 ülkeleriyle odun dışı orman ürünleri dış ticaretinde mukayeseli üstünlüğünü değerlendirmek için, Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük Endeksi, Göreli İhracat Avantajı Endeksi, Göreli İthalat Avantajı Endeksi ve Göreli Ticaret Avantajı Endeksi kullanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, Etiyopya'nın Asya/19 ülkeleri ile odun dışı orman ürünlerinin dış ticaretindeki rekabet gücünü incelemek için Göreli İhracat Avantajı ve Göreli İthalat Avantajı göstergeleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, Asya/19 ülkelerine kıyasla, Etiyopya'nın odun dışı orman ürünlerinin ticaretinde, çalışma dönemi boyunca hem göreli ihracat hem de ithalat avantajı açısından karşılaştırmalı bir avantaj yaşadığı görülmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asya, Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük, Etiyopya, Uluslararası rekabet, Odun dışı orman ürünleri ticareti

Assessment of non-wood forest products trade competitiveness between Ethiopia and Asia/19 countries

Öz

The study makes a comparative analysis of Ethiopia and Asia/19 countries in the foreign trade of non-timber forest products between the periods of 2008-2018. The study focused on two commodity groups with a harmonized system of (HS) codes; HS409: Natural honey; HS130190: Natural Gums, resins, gum Arabic, and oleoresins. To assess the competitive advantage and disadvantage of Ethiopia in non-timber forest products foreign trade within Asia/19 countries, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, Relative Export Advantage Index, Relative Import Advantage Index, and Relative Trade Advantage Index. At the same time, Cross Relative Export Advantage and Cross Relative Import Advantage indicators were employed to test the competitiveness of Ethiopia with Asia/19 countries in the foreign trade of non-timber forest products. The study finding shows that Ethiopia experiences a comparative advantage both in a relative export and import advantage in the trade of non-timber forest products over the study period as compared to Asia/19 countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asia, Comparative advantage, Ethiopia, International competitiveness, Non-wood forest products trade

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, M.A., 2013. Contribution of non-timber forest products to household food security: The case of Yabelo Woreda, Borana zone, Ethiopia. The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 20: ISSN 2225-0557.
• Aiyeloja, A.A., Oladele, A.T., Ezeugo, O.E., 2012. Evaluation of non-timber forest products trade in Ihiala Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal Of Science and Nature, 3(2): 366–372. ISSN 2229-6441.
• Alekaw, K.Y., 2016. Determinants and Potentials of Foreign Trade in Ethiopia: A Gravity Model Analysis. No. 74509. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74509/ (Accessed: 15.01.2021)
• Balassa, B., 1965. Trade liberalization and revealed comparative advantage. Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies, 33(2): 99–123. ISSN 1467-9957.
• Baye, B., 2015. Status and trends of major non-timber forest products trade in Ethiopia. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 4(4): 197–201. ISSN 2315-8719.
• Belayneh, K.A., Wondaferahu, M.D., 2013. Determinants of export performance in Ethiopia: Var model analysis. ABHINAV National Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, 2(5): 94–109. ISSN 2277-1166.
• Berhanu, D.G., 2019. Review of Economic contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for rural livelihoods and its potential for sustainable forest management in Ethiopia. Agricultural Research & Technology Open Access Journal, 21(5): 214–215. ISSN 2471-6774. DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2019.21.556179.
• Durand, M., Giorno, C., 1987. Indicators of international competitiveness: Conceptual aspects and evaluation. OECD Economic and Studies, 9: 147–182.
• Eckhard, S., 2006. International Competitiveness and comparative advantage: A survey and a proposal for measurement. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 6: 137–159. DOI 10.1007/s10842-006-8430-x.
• Fertö, I., Hubbard, L., 2003. Revealed comparative advantage and competitiveness in Hungarian agri-food sectors. World Economy, 26(2): 247–259. DOI 10.1111/1467-9701.00520.
• Gebrehiwot, G., Gebru, B., 2015. Ethiopia’s foreign trade potential: Inferences from a dynamic gravity approach. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 9(4): 355–375. DOI: 10.1504/IJEBR.2015.069667.
• Hoang, V.V., Tran, K.T., Tu, B.V., 2017. Assessing the agricultural competitive advantage by the RTA index: A case study in Vietnam. AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 9(3): 15–26. ISSN 1804-1930. DOI 10.7160/aol.2017.090302.
• Kara, O., Şahin, Ö., Bekar, İ., Kayacan, B., 2019. International competitiveness analysis of industrial wood and wood products sector: The case of Turkey. The International Journal of Economic and Social Research, 15(1): 1306 – 2174. Kilawe, E., Habimana, D., 2016. Forestry contribution to national economy and trade in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Addis Ababa, pp. 6-8.
• Magezi, H.E., Okan, T., 2019. Competitiveness analysis of forest products trade between Turkey and European Union countries. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(4): 366–372. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.630250.
• Maksymets, O., Lönnstedt, L., 2016. International competitiveness: A case study of American, Swedish, and Ukrainian forest industries, The International Trade Journal, 30(2): 159–176. DOI 10.1080/08853908.2016.1138910.
• Manying, H., Xiaohong, D., 2017. A comparative analysis of the competitiveness of financial services trade between China and the countries along “One Belt, One Road”. Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics. Finance and Banking (JEIEFB) an Online International Research Journal, 6(2): 2317–2333. ISSN 2306-367X.
• Masnat, A.H., Bashir, A.Z., Amer, J., 2010. Competitive capacity determinants for Jordanian exports of selected fruits and vegetables in Arab gulf markets. Dirasat, Agricultural Sciences, 37(1):9-23.
• Müftüoğlu, G.İ., Kayacan, B., 2019. An analysis of foreign trade competitiveness of the forest-based sector in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(1): 41-49. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.514745
• Negussie, Z., 2015. Determinants of Ethiopian trade performance to its bordering region: A gravity model approach. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 5(11): 39–45. ISSN 2225-0921.
• Negussie, Z., Dessalegn, G., 2014. Determinants of bilateral trade between Ethiopia and its major trading partners’: A gravity model approach. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(15): 82–88. ISSN 2222-2855.
• Sacande, M., Parfondry, M., 2018. Non-timber forest products from restoration to income generation, FAO, Rome, pp. 40. ISBN 978-92-5-131118-9 License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
• Sasatani, D., 2009. National Competitiveness Index of The Forest Products Industry in The Asia pacific Region. FAO United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok.
• Semegnew, T., Teshome, S., Tesefaye, B., Abreham, B., Getachew, A., 2018. Production and challenges of gum Arabic in Ethiopia: Review. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 8(24): ISSN 2225-0921
• Siggel, E., 2006. International competitiveness and comparative advantage: A survey and a proposal for measurement. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 6(2): 137-159.
• Tekeba, N., Yeshitela, E., 2018. Review of Ethiopia’s global position in honey and other bee products production and marketing: Analysis of sectoral opportunities and limitations. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR), 10(3): 7879-7883 DOI: 10.26717/ BJSTR.2018.10.001969.
• United Nations, 2019. UN Comtrade Database - International Trade Statistics - Import/Export Data. http://comtrade.un.org, Accessed: 23.12.2019
• Vollrath, T.L., 1991. A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade intensity measures of revealed comparative advantage. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127(2): 265–280. DOI 10.1007/BF02707986.
• Zenebe, M., Adefires, W., Temsgen, Y., Tinsae, B., Trehas, M., Demel, T., 2013. Economic contribution of gum and resin resources to household livelihoods in selected regions and the national economy of Ethiopia. Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 11: 273–288.