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Muz yalancı gövde atığının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun kimyasal ve morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 143 - 150, 29.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.913696

Öz

Bu çalışmada dünyada yaygın bir tarım alanına sahip muz bitkisinin (Musa sapientum) meyve hasadı sırasında oldukça fazla miktarda oluşan gövde atıklarının, kağıt endüstrisinde hammadde olarak kullanılabilirliğinin kimyasal ve morfolojik açıdan uygunluğunun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Muz yalancı gövdesinin başlıca kimyasal bileşenleri holoselüloz, α-selüloz ve lignin sırasıyla %77.5, %51.0 ve %12.7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sıcak su çözünürlüğü %17.3, soğuk su çözünürlüğü %13.0, alkol ve %1 NaOH çözünürlük değerleri ise sırasıyla %9.2 ve %33.3 olarak bulunmuştur. Lif uzunluğu bakımından iğne yapraklı ağaç odunu liflerine, lif genişliği bakımından ise yapraklı ağaç odunu liflerine benzeyen muz yalancı gövde atığı liflerinin düşük Runkel oranı, rijitlik katsayısı ve Mühlstep oranı ile yüksek narinlik ve esneklik oranlarına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kimyasal ve morfolojik analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlar, muz yalancı gövde atıklarının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimi için uygun bir hammadde olduğunu göstermiştir.

Teşekkür

Çalışmada hammadde teminini sağlayan Prof. Dr. Sedat ONDARAL'a, bazı analizlerin yapım aşamasındaki katkılarından dolayı Prof. Dr. Hüseyin KIRCI'ya ve Lif ve Kağıt Teknolojisi anabilim dalı laboratuvar imkanlarını sağlamalarından dolayı KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği bölümüne teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, M., Tozluoglu, A., 2009. Some chemical and morphological properties of juvenile woods from beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and pine (Pinus nigra A.) plantations. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 4(2): 116-125. doi: 10.3923/tasr.2009.116.125.
  • Akgül, M., Güler, C., Cöpür, Y., 2010. Certain physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiber boards manufactured from blends of corn (Zea mays indurate Sturt.) stalks and pine (Pinus nigra) wood. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34(3): 197-206. doi: 10.3906/tar-0902-26.
  • Ashori, A., Hamzeh, Y., Amani, F., 2011. Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) stalk: Chemical composition and fiber morphology. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 19(1): 297-300, 19:297-300. doi: 10.1007/s10924-010-0279-8.
  • Atchison, J.E., 1987. Data on non-wood plant fibers. In: The Secondary Fibers and Non-Wood Pulping: Third edition (Ed: Hamilton, F.), TAPPI Press, Atlanta, USA.
  • Atchison, J.E., 1993. Data on non-wood plant fibers. In: Pulp and Paper Manufacture: Secondary Fibers and Nonwood Pulping (Ed: Kocurek, M.J.), TAPPI Press, Atlanta, vol 3, pp. 4-13.
  • Bande M.M., Grenz, J., Asio, V.B., Sauerborn, J., 2013. Fiber yield and quality of abaca (Musa textilis var. Laylay) grown under different shade conditions, water and nutrient management. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 70-77. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.05.009.
  • Bektas, I., Tutus, A., Eroglu, H., 1999. A study of the suitability of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutiaten) for pulp and paper manufacture. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23: 589-599.
  • Bostancı, Ş., 1987. Kağıt Hamuru Üretimi ve Ağartma Teknolojisi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, No:114/13. Trabzon.
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  • David-Sarogoro, N., Emerhi, E.A., 2016. Runkel, flexibility and slenderness ratios of Anthocleista djalonensis (A) wood for pulp and paper production. African Journal of Agriculture, Technology and Environment, 5(2): 27-32.
  • Demirel, B., Pınar, H., 2019. Determination of possible energy potential of banana residues in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7: 41-45. doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.41-45.3117.
  • Deniz, I., Ates, S., 2002. Determination of optimum kraft pulping conditions using bamboo (Pyllotachys bambusoides). 2nd National Black Sea Forestry Congress Proceedings, 15-18 May, Artvin, Turkey, pp. 1072- 1084.
  • Deniz, I., Kırcı, H., Ates, S., 2004. Optimization of wheat straw (Triticum drum) kraft pulping, Industrial Crops and Products, 19(3): 237-243. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.011.
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Chemical and morphological evaluation of the suitability of banana pseudo-stem waste for pulp and paper production

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 143 - 150, 29.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.913696

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the chemical and morphological suitability of using pseudo-stem which are formed in large amounts during the fruit harvesting of the banana plant (Musa sapientum) with a widespread agricultural area in the world, as raw material in the paper industry. The main chemical constituents of banana pseudo-stem holocellulose, α-cellulose and lignin were determined as %77.5, %51.0 and %12.7, respectively. Hot water solubility was 17.3%, cold water solubility 13.0%, alcohol and 1% NaOH solubility values were 9.2% and 33.3%, respectively. It has been determined that banana pseudo-stem waste fibers, which are similar to softwood fibers in terms of fiber length and hardwood fibers in terms of fiber width, have high slenderness and flexibility ratios with low Runkel ratio, rigidity coefficient and Mühlstep ratio. The results obtained from chemical and morphological analyzes indicated that banana pseudo stem waste is a suitable raw material for pulp and paper production.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, M., Tozluoglu, A., 2009. Some chemical and morphological properties of juvenile woods from beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and pine (Pinus nigra A.) plantations. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 4(2): 116-125. doi: 10.3923/tasr.2009.116.125.
  • Akgül, M., Güler, C., Cöpür, Y., 2010. Certain physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiber boards manufactured from blends of corn (Zea mays indurate Sturt.) stalks and pine (Pinus nigra) wood. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 34(3): 197-206. doi: 10.3906/tar-0902-26.
  • Ashori, A., Hamzeh, Y., Amani, F., 2011. Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) stalk: Chemical composition and fiber morphology. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 19(1): 297-300, 19:297-300. doi: 10.1007/s10924-010-0279-8.
  • Atchison, J.E., 1987. Data on non-wood plant fibers. In: The Secondary Fibers and Non-Wood Pulping: Third edition (Ed: Hamilton, F.), TAPPI Press, Atlanta, USA.
  • Atchison, J.E., 1993. Data on non-wood plant fibers. In: Pulp and Paper Manufacture: Secondary Fibers and Nonwood Pulping (Ed: Kocurek, M.J.), TAPPI Press, Atlanta, vol 3, pp. 4-13.
  • Bande M.M., Grenz, J., Asio, V.B., Sauerborn, J., 2013. Fiber yield and quality of abaca (Musa textilis var. Laylay) grown under different shade conditions, water and nutrient management. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 70-77. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.05.009.
  • Bektas, I., Tutus, A., Eroglu, H., 1999. A study of the suitability of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutiaten) for pulp and paper manufacture. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23: 589-599.
  • Bostancı, Ş., 1987. Kağıt Hamuru Üretimi ve Ağartma Teknolojisi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, No:114/13. Trabzon.
  • Bozkurt, A.Y., Erdin, N., 1989. Odunsu lifler ve tanımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, 39(4):1-16.
  • Casey, J.P., 1960. Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology Vol.1, Wiley Interscience Publisher Inc., New York.
  • David-Sarogoro, N., Emerhi, E.A., 2016. Runkel, flexibility and slenderness ratios of Anthocleista djalonensis (A) wood for pulp and paper production. African Journal of Agriculture, Technology and Environment, 5(2): 27-32.
  • Demirel, B., Pınar, H., 2019. Determination of possible energy potential of banana residues in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7: 41-45. doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v7isp2.41-45.3117.
  • Deniz, I., Ates, S., 2002. Determination of optimum kraft pulping conditions using bamboo (Pyllotachys bambusoides). 2nd National Black Sea Forestry Congress Proceedings, 15-18 May, Artvin, Turkey, pp. 1072- 1084.
  • Deniz, I., Kırcı, H., Ates, S., 2004. Optimization of wheat straw (Triticum drum) kraft pulping, Industrial Crops and Products, 19(3): 237-243. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.011.
  • Dutt, D., 1994. Pulping studies on Cannabis sativa and Ipomea carnea. PhD Dissertation, University of Roorkee, India.
  • Dutt, D., Upadhyaya, J.S., Malik, R.S., Tyagi, C.H., 2004. Studies on pulp and papermaking characteristics of some Indian non-woody fibrous raw materials: Part-II. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 63(2): 58-67.
  • Eroğlu, H. 1980. O2-NaOH Yöntemiyle buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) saplarından kağıt hamuru elde etme olanaklarının araştırılması, Doçentlik Tezi, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi, Trabzon.
  • Eroğlu, H., Usta, M., Kırcı, H., 1992. A review of oxygen pulping conditions of some non-wood plant growing in Turkey. Tappi Pulping Conference, 1-5 November, Boston, USA, pp. 215-22.
  • Eroğlu, H., 2003. Kağıt Hamuru ve Kağıt Fiziği Ders Notları. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:27, Fakülte Yayın No:13, Bartın.
  • Ezeibekwe, I.O., Okeke, S. E., Unamba, C.I., Ohaeri, J.C., 2009. An investigation into the potentials of Dactyladenia bacteri, Dialum guineense and Anthonota macrophylia for paper pulp production. Report and Opinion, 1(4): 18-25. doi: 10.7537/marsroj010409.04.
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  • Kumar, M., Kumar, D., 2011. Comparative study of pulping of banana stem. International Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, 1(1): 1-5.
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  • Nicemol, J., Niladevi, K.N., Anisha, G.S., Prema, P., 2007. Pineapple & banana fibre. Asian Textile Journal, 1: 38–44.
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  • Okereke, O.O., 1962. Studies on the fibre dimensions of some Nigerian timbers and raw materials. Part 1. Res. Rep. No.16., Fed. Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Lagos, Nigeria.
  • Oluwasina, O.O., Lajide, L., 2016. Evaluation of compositional properties of some plant wastes for industrial applications. FUTA Journal of Research in Sciences, 12(2): 180-187.
  • Omotoso, M.A., Ogunsile, B.O., 2009. Fibre and chemical properties of some Nigerian grown Musa species for pulp production. Asian Journal of Materials Science, 1(1): 14–21. doi: 10.3923/ajmskr.2009.14.21.
  • Ortega, Z., Morón, M., Monzón, M.D., Badalló, P., Paz, R., 2016. Production of banana fiber yarns for technical textile reinforced composites. Materials, 9(5): 370. doi: 10.3390/ma9050370.
  • Padam, B.S., Tin, H.S., Chye, F.Y., Abdullah, M.I., 2014. Banana by-products: An under-utilized renewable food biomass with great potential. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(12): 3527-3545. doi: 10.1007/s1319 7-012-0861-2.
  • Panshin, A.J., Zeeuw, C., 1970. Textbook of Wood Technology. M.C. Graw-Hill Book Company, London.
  • Petri, R., 1952. Pulping studies with African tropical woods. TAPPI, 35: 157-160.
  • Poonam, B., Gupta, K.C., 1991. Physio-chemical properties of banana fibre. Indian Textile Journal, 2: 60-62.
  • Pothan, L.A., George, C.N., John, M.J., Thomas, S., 2010. Dynamic mechanical and dielectric behavior of banana-glass hybrid fiber reinforced polyester composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(8): 1131-1145. doi: 10.1177/0731684409103075.
  • Rahman, M.M., Islam, T., Nayeem, J., Jahan, M.S., 2014. Variation of chemical and morphological properties of different parts of banana plant (Musa paradisica) and their effects on pulping. International Journal of Lignocellulosic Products, 1(2): 93-103. doi: 10.22069/IJLP.2014.2065.
  • Ramesh, M., Atreya, T.S.A., Aswin, U.S., Eashwar, H., Deepa, C., 2014. Processing and mechanical property evaluation of banana fiber reinforced polymer composites. Procedia Engineering, 97: 563-572. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.284.
  • Reddy, N., Yang, Y., 2015. Fibers from banana pseudo-stems. In: Innovative Biofibers from Renewable Resources. (Ed: Reddy, N., Yang, Y.), Springer, Berlin, pp. 25-27.
  • Redondo-Gómez, C., Rodríguez Quesada, M., Vallejo Astúa, S., Murillo Zamora, P.Z., Lopretti, M., Vega-Baudrit, J.R., 2020. Biorefinery of biomass of agro-industrial banana waste to obtain high-value biopolymers. Molecules, 25(17): 3829, doi: 10.3390/molecules25173829.
  • Rydholm, S.A., 1965. Pulping processes. Interscience Publishers, New York.
  • Saikia, S.N., Goswami, T., Ali, F., 1997. Evaluation of pulp and paper making characteristics of certain fast growing plants. Wood Science and Technology, 31: 467–475.
  • Shakhes, J., Marandi, M.A.B., Zeinaly, F., Saraian, A., Saghafi, T., 2011. Tobacco residuals as promosing lignocellulosic materials for pulp and paper industry. BioResources, 6: 4481-4493.
  • Sharma, A.K., Dutt, D., Upadhyaya, J.S., Roy, T.K., 2011. Anatomical, morphological, and chemical characterization of Bambusa tulda, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Bambusa balcooa, Malocana baccifera, Bambusa arundinacea and Eucalyptus tereticornis. BioResources, 6: 5062-5073. doi: 10. 15376/biores.6.4.5062-5073.
  • Simionescu, C.I.M., Grigora, S., Cernatescu-Asandei, A., 1964. Chemistry of Wood in R.P.R. Bucharest. Academy of Popular Republic of Romania Publishing House.
  • Singh, H.R., Uma, S., Selvarajan, R., Karihaloo, J.L., 2011. Micropropagation for production of quality banana plamting material in Asia-pacific. In: Asia-pasific consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology (APCoAB), New Delhi, India, pp. 92.
  • Singh, L., Bandyopadhyay, T.K., 2013. Handmade paper from banana stem. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering, 4(7): 2074-2079.
  • Smook, G.A., 1997. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists. Angus Wilde Publications, Vancouver.
  • Soffner, M.L.A.P., 2001. Pulp production from banana stem. Master Thesis, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • Sun, R.C., Tomkinson, J., 2003. Comparative study of organic solvent and water-soluble lipophilic extractives from wheat straw I: Yield and chemical composition. Journal of Wood Science, 49(1): 47-52.
  • Tank, T., Bostancı, Ş., Eroğlu, H., Enercan, S., 1985. Tütün saplarının kağıt yapımında değerlendirilmesi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, D2, 9: 3.
  • TAPPI T 203 cm-09, 2009. Alpha-beta and gamma cellulose in pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • TAPPI T 204 cm-17, 2017. Solvent extractives of wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • TAPPI T 222 om-15, 2015. Acid-insoluble lignin in wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • TAPPI T 211 om-16, 2016. Ash in wood, pulp, paper and paperboard: Combustion at 525°C. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • TAPPI T 245 cm-07, 2007. Silicates and silica in pulp (Wet Ash Method). Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • TAPPI T 207 om-08, 2008. Water solubility of wood and pulp. Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • TAPPI T 212 om-12, 2012. One percent sodium hydroxide solubility of wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • TAPPI T 257 sp-14, 2014. Preparation of wood for chemical analysis. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • TUİK, 2021. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri 2020, Tablo-3 Meyve ürünleri, içecek ve baharat bitkileri üretim miktarları, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Bitkisel-Uretim-Istatistikleri-2020-33737, Erişim: 07.06.2021
  • Tutuş, A., Deniz, İ., Eroğlu, H., 2004. Rice straw pulping with oxide added soda-oxygen-antraquinone. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(8):1350-1354. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2004.1350.1354.
  • Tutus, A, Ezici, A.C., Ates, S., 2010. Chemical, morphological and anatomical properties and evaluation of cotton stalks (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in pulp industry. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(12): 1553–1560. doi: 10.5897/SRE.9000265.
  • Tutuş, A., Çiçekler, M., Özdemir, F., Yılmaz, U., 2014. Kahramanmaraş koşullarında yetişen Trabzon hurma ağacı (Diospyros kaki)’nın kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretiminde değerlendirilmesi. II. Ulusal Akdeniz Orman ve Çevre Sempozyumu, 22-24 Ekim, Isparta, s.775-784.
  • Tutus, A., Cicekler, M., 2016. Evaluation of common wheat stubbles (Triticum aestivum L.) for pulp and paper production. Drvna Industrija, 67(3): 271-279. doi: 10.5552/drind.2016.1603.
  • Tutuş, A., Kazaskeroğlu, Y., Çiçekler, M., 2015. Evaluation of tea wastes in usage pulp and paper production. BioResources, 10(3): 5407–5416.
  • Usta, M., Eroğlu, H., 1987. Soda-oxygen pulping of rye straw. In: Nonwood Plant Fiber Pulping Conference Progress Report No:18, Tappi Press, Washington, pp. 113-118.
  • Usta, M., Kırcı, H., Eroglu, H., 1990. Soda-oxygen pulping of corn (Zea mays indurata sturt). Tappi Pulping Conference, October 14-17, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 307-312.
  • Ververis, C., Georghiou, K., Christodoulakis, N., Santas, P., Santas, R., 2004. Fiber dimensions, lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production. Industrial Crops and Products, 19: 245-254. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.006.
  • Wilcox, W.W., Piirto, D.D., 1976. Decay resistance in redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) heartwood as related to color and extractives. Wood Fiber Science, 7(4): 240–245.
  • Wise. E.L., Karl, H.L., 1962. Cellulose and hemicelluloses in pulp and paper science and technology, Vol. 1. Pulp (Ed: C. Earl Libby), McGraw Hill-Book Co., New York.
  • Yaman, B., Gençer, A., 2005. Trabzon koşullarında yetiştirilen kivi (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson)’nin lif morfolojisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri: A, 2:149-155.
Toplam 88 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Evren Ersoy Kalyoncu 0000-0002-4538-7187

Meryem Ondaral 0000-0001-7767-4853

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2021
Kabul Tarihi 14 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ersoy Kalyoncu, E., & Ondaral, M. (2021). Muz yalancı gövde atığının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun kimyasal ve morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 22(2), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.913696
AMA Ersoy Kalyoncu E, Ondaral M. Muz yalancı gövde atığının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun kimyasal ve morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Haziran 2021;22(2):143-150. doi:10.18182/tjf.913696
Chicago Ersoy Kalyoncu, Evren, ve Meryem Ondaral. “Muz Yalancı gövde atığının kağıt Hamuru Ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun Kimyasal Ve Morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 22, sy. 2 (Haziran 2021): 143-50. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.913696.
EndNote Ersoy Kalyoncu E, Ondaral M (01 Haziran 2021) Muz yalancı gövde atığının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun kimyasal ve morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry 22 2 143–150.
IEEE E. Ersoy Kalyoncu ve M. Ondaral, “Muz yalancı gövde atığının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun kimyasal ve morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 22, sy. 2, ss. 143–150, 2021, doi: 10.18182/tjf.913696.
ISNAD Ersoy Kalyoncu, Evren - Ondaral, Meryem. “Muz Yalancı gövde atığının kağıt Hamuru Ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun Kimyasal Ve Morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 22/2 (Haziran 2021), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.913696.
JAMA Ersoy Kalyoncu E, Ondaral M. Muz yalancı gövde atığının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun kimyasal ve morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2021;22:143–150.
MLA Ersoy Kalyoncu, Evren ve Meryem Ondaral. “Muz Yalancı gövde atığının kağıt Hamuru Ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun Kimyasal Ve Morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 22, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 143-50, doi:10.18182/tjf.913696.
Vancouver Ersoy Kalyoncu E, Ondaral M. Muz yalancı gövde atığının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun kimyasal ve morfolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2021;22(2):143-50.