Araştırma Makalesi
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Comparison of plant species diversity, site index, and mean tree ring width values of different altitudinal zones in Turkish pine stands

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 423 - 429, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1499253

Öz

Diversity and productivity have consistently been central topics in forestry research. With the advent of climate change, the need to better understand increasingly scarce natural resources has become critical for sustainable use. In this study, differences in alpha species diversity, site index, and tree-ring widths across three different altitudinal zones were analyzed. Additionally, the relationships between these parameters and environmental variables were analyzed. Initially, a normality test was applied to the data. Due to the failure to meet the normality assumption, non-parametric methods were preferred for data analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to identify differences between groups. To determine the relationships of alpha species diversity, site index, and tree-ring width with environmental variables, Spearman correlation analysis was used, focusing on the Shannon and Simpson indices. Our results showed that Shannon and Simpson diversity differ across different altitudinal zones, while no differences were observed in terms of site index and annual ring growth. On the other hand, Bio1 and Bio12 were identified as the most influential variables on diversity. Additionally, there was a relatively low negative correlation between the site index and slope variable and between annual ring growth and the radiation index variable. The findings obtained from this study provided important insights for forestry management. In particular, understanding the effects of altitude-dependent abiotic factors on species diversity and tree ring growth will enable more accurate planning.

Kaynakça

  • Acarer, A., 2024a. Role of climate change on Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.): Modeling and mapping. BioResources, 19(2): 3845.
  • Acarer, A., 2024b. Will cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus L.) become extinct in the forests of Türkiye in the future. Šumarski list, 148(7-8): 375-387.
  • Baş, M., Şenol, A., Gülsoy, S., Özkan, K., 2020. Relationships between plant species diversity of black pine forests and site factors in the Sütçüler district of Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 13(3): 264-273.
  • Clark, J., Wilson, T., 2005. The importance of plus-tree selection in the improvement of hardwoods. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 99(1): 45-50.
  • EarthExplorer, 2024. ASTER Digital Elevation Model V003, https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?q=C1299783579-LPDAAC_ECS, Accessed: 13.01.2024.
  • Fick, S.E., Hijmans, R.J., 2017. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37(12): 4302-4315.
  • Gea-Izquierdo, G., Bergeron, Y., Huang, J., Lapointe-Garant, M.P., Grace, J., Berninger, F., 2014. The relationship between productivity and tree-ring growth in boreal coniferous forests. Boreal Environment Research, 19(5-6): 363-378.
  • Geiger, R., 1966. The Climate Near The Ground. Harvard University, Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Kalıpsız, A., 1963. Studies on the Natural Structure and Yielding Power of Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) Reservoirs in Turkey. T. C. Ministry of Agriculture General Directorate of Forestry Publications, Istanbul.
  • Keten, İ., Gülsoy, S., 2020. Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanlarında verimlilik ilişkileri. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 4(2): 88-102.
  • Klippel, L., Krusic, P. J., Brandes, R., Hartl-Meier, C., Trouet, V., Meko, M., Esper, J., 2017. High-elevation inter-site differences in Mount Smolikas tree-ring width data. Dendrochronologia, 44: 164-173.
  • Lo, Y. H., Blanco, J. A., Seely, B., Kimmins, J. H., Welham, C., 2013. Testing of a tree productivity-climate model with dendrochronological data. In: Network Biology: Theories, Methods and Applications (Ed: Zhang, W.), Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 141-162.
  • Lopatin, E., Kolström, T., Spiecker, H., 2006. Determination of forest growth trends in Komi Republic (Northwestern Russia): combination of tree-ring analysis and remote sensing data. Boreal Environment Research, 11(5): 341.
  • McCain, C.M., Grytnes, J.A., 2010. Elevational gradients in species richness. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS) (Ed: Wiley, J. & Sons, Ltd), Chichester, pp. 1-10.
  • Mechergui, K., Saleh Altamimi, A., Jaouadi, W., Naghmouchi, S., 2021. Climate change impacts on spatial distribution, tree-ring growth, and water use of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) forests in the Mediterranean region and silvicultural practices to limit those impacts. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 14(2): 104.
  • Mert, A., Acarer, A., 2018. Wildlife diversity in reed beds around Beyşehir lake. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2(1): 110-119.
  • Moradi, H., Fattorini, S., Oldeland, J., 2020. Influence of elevation on the species–area relationship. Journal of Biogeography, 47(9): 2029-2041.
  • Negiz, M.G., Aygül, T.İ., 2019. Distribution of woody species richness in Kurucuova Region according to environmental factors. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(2): 123-132.
  • Negiz, M.G., Özdemir, S., Erfidan, O., Çıvğa, A., Şentürk, Ö., 2024. Determination of relations between plant species diversity and productivity in Brutian pine stands. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 25(1): 49-55.
  • Özdemir, S., Özkan, K., Mert, A., 2020. An ecological perspective on climate change scenarios. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 13(3): 361-371.
  • Özdemir, S., Küçüksille, E.U., Gülsoy, S., Şentürk, Ö., Negiz, M. G., Süel, H., Mert, A., Özkan, K., 2022. Modeling of species distributions with deep learning method. Sixth International Conference on Computational Mathematics and Engineering Sciences (CMES), 20-22 May, Ordu, Turkey, pp. 180-190. Özdemir, S., Negiz, M. G., Turhan, U. U., Şenol, A., Arslan, M., 2017. Indicator plant species of alpha diversity in Kuyucak Mountain district. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 18(2): 102-109.
  • Özdemir, S., 2022. Distribution Modeling of The Main Forest Tree Species Under Climate Change in West Mediterranean. PhD Dissertation, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye.
  • Özdemir, S., Çınar, T., 2023. Determining indicator plant species of Pinus brutia Ten. using interspecific correlation analysis in Antalya (Turkey). Cerne, 29(1): 103-188.
  • Özkan, K., Küçüksille, E., Mert, A., Gülsoy, S., Suel, H., Başar, M., 2020. Biyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri (BİÇEB) hesaplama yazılımı. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(3): 344-348.
  • R Core Team, 2024. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
  • Reis, M., Dutal, H., Abız, B., Tat, S., Reis, A., 2018. Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 19(3): 219-225.
  • Roberts, D.W., Cooper, S.V., 1989. Concepts and techniques of vegetation mapping. In: Land Classifications Based on Vegetation: Applications for Resource Management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-257, 90–96, Ogden, UT.
  • Salehnia, N., Ahn, J., 2022. Modelling and reconstructing tree ring growth index with climate variables through artificial intelligence and statistical methods. Ecological Indicators, 134: 108496.
  • Shannon, C.E., 1948. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27: 379-423.
  • Simpson, E.H., 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163: 688.
  • Taylor, R. M., 1981. Tree-ring analysis in forest productivity studies: an investigation of growth-climate relationships in the New Forest, Hampshire. Journal of Biogeography, 8(4): 293-312.
  • Tekin, S., Yalçınkaya, B., Acarer, A., Mert, A., 2018. Yaban hayatında uydu verilerinin kullanım olanakları üzerine bir çalışma: MaxEnt ile Karaca (Capreolus capreolus L.)'nın habitat uygunluk modellemesi. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2(2): 147-156.
  • Villalba, R., Boninsegna, J. A., Veblen, T. T., Schmelter, A., Rubulis, S., 1997. Recent trends in tree-ring records from high elevation sites in the Andes of northern Patagonia. Climatic Change, 36(3): 425-454.
  • Westhoff, V., Van Der Maarel, E., 1973. The Braun-Blanquet approach. In: Ordination and Classification of Communities (Ed: Whittaker, R.H.), Dordrecht, pp. 617–626.

Farklı yükselti zonlarındaki kızılçam meşcerelerinde bitki türü çeşitliliği, bonitet indeksi ve yıllık halka genişliği değerlerinin karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 423 - 429, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1499253

Öz

Çeşitlilik ve verimlilik konuları ormancılık alanında daima trend olarak araştırmacıların odağında olmuştur. Özellikle iklim değişikliği ile beraber kıt kaynak niteliğinde olan doğal kaynakların daha iyi bir şekilde anlaşılmasına olan ihtiyaç sürdürülebilir kullanımın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada üç farklı yükselti zonunda alfa tür çeşitliliği, bonitet indeksi ve yıllık halka genişlikleri arasındaki farklar analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu parametrelerin çevresel değişkenler ile olan ilişkileri belirlenmiştir. Verilere ilk olarak normallik testi uygulanmıştır. Normallik varsayımının sağlanamamasından ötürü verilerin analiz edilmesinde non parametrik yöntemler tercih edilmiştir. Gruplar arasındaki farkların belirlenmesi için Kruskal-Wallis testi uygulanmıştır. Shannon ve Simpson indekslerine yönelik hesaplanan alfa tür çeşitlilikleri, bonitet indeksi ve yıllık halka büyümesinin çevresel değişkenler ile ilişkilerinin belirlenebilmesi için Spearman korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak farklı yükselti zonlarında Shanon ve Simpson çeşitlilikleri bakımından fark tespit edilirken, bonitet indeksi ve yıllık halka büyümesi bakımından fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Diğer yandan çeşitlilikler üzerinde en etkili değişkenler olarak Bio1 ve Bio12 tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bonitet indeksi ile eğim değişkeni, yıllık halka büyümesi ile de radyasyon indeksi değişkeni arasında nispeten yüksek olmayan negatif korelasyon olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular ormancılık yönetimi için önemli öngörüler sunmuştur. Özellikle, yüksekliğe bağlı abiyotik faktörlerin tür çeşitliliği ve yıllık halka büyümesi üzerindeki etkisinin anlaşılması daha doğru planlamaların yapılmasına olanak sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Acarer, A., 2024a. Role of climate change on Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.): Modeling and mapping. BioResources, 19(2): 3845.
  • Acarer, A., 2024b. Will cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus L.) become extinct in the forests of Türkiye in the future. Šumarski list, 148(7-8): 375-387.
  • Baş, M., Şenol, A., Gülsoy, S., Özkan, K., 2020. Relationships between plant species diversity of black pine forests and site factors in the Sütçüler district of Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 13(3): 264-273.
  • Clark, J., Wilson, T., 2005. The importance of plus-tree selection in the improvement of hardwoods. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 99(1): 45-50.
  • EarthExplorer, 2024. ASTER Digital Elevation Model V003, https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search?q=C1299783579-LPDAAC_ECS, Accessed: 13.01.2024.
  • Fick, S.E., Hijmans, R.J., 2017. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37(12): 4302-4315.
  • Gea-Izquierdo, G., Bergeron, Y., Huang, J., Lapointe-Garant, M.P., Grace, J., Berninger, F., 2014. The relationship between productivity and tree-ring growth in boreal coniferous forests. Boreal Environment Research, 19(5-6): 363-378.
  • Geiger, R., 1966. The Climate Near The Ground. Harvard University, Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Kalıpsız, A., 1963. Studies on the Natural Structure and Yielding Power of Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) Reservoirs in Turkey. T. C. Ministry of Agriculture General Directorate of Forestry Publications, Istanbul.
  • Keten, İ., Gülsoy, S., 2020. Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ormanlarında verimlilik ilişkileri. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 4(2): 88-102.
  • Klippel, L., Krusic, P. J., Brandes, R., Hartl-Meier, C., Trouet, V., Meko, M., Esper, J., 2017. High-elevation inter-site differences in Mount Smolikas tree-ring width data. Dendrochronologia, 44: 164-173.
  • Lo, Y. H., Blanco, J. A., Seely, B., Kimmins, J. H., Welham, C., 2013. Testing of a tree productivity-climate model with dendrochronological data. In: Network Biology: Theories, Methods and Applications (Ed: Zhang, W.), Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp. 141-162.
  • Lopatin, E., Kolström, T., Spiecker, H., 2006. Determination of forest growth trends in Komi Republic (Northwestern Russia): combination of tree-ring analysis and remote sensing data. Boreal Environment Research, 11(5): 341.
  • McCain, C.M., Grytnes, J.A., 2010. Elevational gradients in species richness. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS) (Ed: Wiley, J. & Sons, Ltd), Chichester, pp. 1-10.
  • Mechergui, K., Saleh Altamimi, A., Jaouadi, W., Naghmouchi, S., 2021. Climate change impacts on spatial distribution, tree-ring growth, and water use of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) forests in the Mediterranean region and silvicultural practices to limit those impacts. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 14(2): 104.
  • Mert, A., Acarer, A., 2018. Wildlife diversity in reed beds around Beyşehir lake. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2(1): 110-119.
  • Moradi, H., Fattorini, S., Oldeland, J., 2020. Influence of elevation on the species–area relationship. Journal of Biogeography, 47(9): 2029-2041.
  • Negiz, M.G., Aygül, T.İ., 2019. Distribution of woody species richness in Kurucuova Region according to environmental factors. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 20(2): 123-132.
  • Negiz, M.G., Özdemir, S., Erfidan, O., Çıvğa, A., Şentürk, Ö., 2024. Determination of relations between plant species diversity and productivity in Brutian pine stands. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 25(1): 49-55.
  • Özdemir, S., Özkan, K., Mert, A., 2020. An ecological perspective on climate change scenarios. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 13(3): 361-371.
  • Özdemir, S., Küçüksille, E.U., Gülsoy, S., Şentürk, Ö., Negiz, M. G., Süel, H., Mert, A., Özkan, K., 2022. Modeling of species distributions with deep learning method. Sixth International Conference on Computational Mathematics and Engineering Sciences (CMES), 20-22 May, Ordu, Turkey, pp. 180-190. Özdemir, S., Negiz, M. G., Turhan, U. U., Şenol, A., Arslan, M., 2017. Indicator plant species of alpha diversity in Kuyucak Mountain district. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 18(2): 102-109.
  • Özdemir, S., 2022. Distribution Modeling of The Main Forest Tree Species Under Climate Change in West Mediterranean. PhD Dissertation, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye.
  • Özdemir, S., Çınar, T., 2023. Determining indicator plant species of Pinus brutia Ten. using interspecific correlation analysis in Antalya (Turkey). Cerne, 29(1): 103-188.
  • Özkan, K., Küçüksille, E., Mert, A., Gülsoy, S., Suel, H., Başar, M., 2020. Biyolojik çeşitlilik bileşenleri (BİÇEB) hesaplama yazılımı. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(3): 344-348.
  • R Core Team, 2024. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
  • Reis, M., Dutal, H., Abız, B., Tat, S., Reis, A., 2018. Impacts of climate change on annual diameter increment of natural Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) forests in Kahramanmaras. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 19(3): 219-225.
  • Roberts, D.W., Cooper, S.V., 1989. Concepts and techniques of vegetation mapping. In: Land Classifications Based on Vegetation: Applications for Resource Management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-257, 90–96, Ogden, UT.
  • Salehnia, N., Ahn, J., 2022. Modelling and reconstructing tree ring growth index with climate variables through artificial intelligence and statistical methods. Ecological Indicators, 134: 108496.
  • Shannon, C.E., 1948. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27: 379-423.
  • Simpson, E.H., 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163: 688.
  • Taylor, R. M., 1981. Tree-ring analysis in forest productivity studies: an investigation of growth-climate relationships in the New Forest, Hampshire. Journal of Biogeography, 8(4): 293-312.
  • Tekin, S., Yalçınkaya, B., Acarer, A., Mert, A., 2018. Yaban hayatında uydu verilerinin kullanım olanakları üzerine bir çalışma: MaxEnt ile Karaca (Capreolus capreolus L.)'nın habitat uygunluk modellemesi. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2(2): 147-156.
  • Villalba, R., Boninsegna, J. A., Veblen, T. T., Schmelter, A., Rubulis, S., 1997. Recent trends in tree-ring records from high elevation sites in the Andes of northern Patagonia. Climatic Change, 36(3): 425-454.
  • Westhoff, V., Van Der Maarel, E., 1973. The Braun-Blanquet approach. In: Ordination and Classification of Communities (Ed: Whittaker, R.H.), Dordrecht, pp. 617–626.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Orman Biyoçeşitliliği
Bölüm Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Serkan Özdemir 0000-0002-9425-3724

Oğuzhan Erfidan 0000-0002-5497-6864

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 16 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdemir, S., & Erfidan, O. (2024). Comparison of plant species diversity, site index, and mean tree ring width values of different altitudinal zones in Turkish pine stands. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 25(4), 423-429. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1499253
AMA Özdemir S, Erfidan O. Comparison of plant species diversity, site index, and mean tree ring width values of different altitudinal zones in Turkish pine stands. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Aralık 2024;25(4):423-429. doi:10.18182/tjf.1499253
Chicago Özdemir, Serkan, ve Oğuzhan Erfidan. “Comparison of Plant Species Diversity, Site Index, and Mean Tree Ring Width Values of Different Altitudinal Zones in Turkish Pine Stands”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 25, sy. 4 (Aralık 2024): 423-29. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1499253.
EndNote Özdemir S, Erfidan O (01 Aralık 2024) Comparison of plant species diversity, site index, and mean tree ring width values of different altitudinal zones in Turkish pine stands. Turkish Journal of Forestry 25 4 423–429.
IEEE S. Özdemir ve O. Erfidan, “Comparison of plant species diversity, site index, and mean tree ring width values of different altitudinal zones in Turkish pine stands”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 25, sy. 4, ss. 423–429, 2024, doi: 10.18182/tjf.1499253.
ISNAD Özdemir, Serkan - Erfidan, Oğuzhan. “Comparison of Plant Species Diversity, Site Index, and Mean Tree Ring Width Values of Different Altitudinal Zones in Turkish Pine Stands”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 25/4 (Aralık 2024), 423-429. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1499253.
JAMA Özdemir S, Erfidan O. Comparison of plant species diversity, site index, and mean tree ring width values of different altitudinal zones in Turkish pine stands. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2024;25:423–429.
MLA Özdemir, Serkan ve Oğuzhan Erfidan. “Comparison of Plant Species Diversity, Site Index, and Mean Tree Ring Width Values of Different Altitudinal Zones in Turkish Pine Stands”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 25, sy. 4, 2024, ss. 423-9, doi:10.18182/tjf.1499253.
Vancouver Özdemir S, Erfidan O. Comparison of plant species diversity, site index, and mean tree ring width values of different altitudinal zones in Turkish pine stands. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2024;25(4):423-9.