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Kütahya Türkmenbaba Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası'nda kızılgeyik popülasyon yoğunluğu ile meşcere arasındaki bölgesel ilişki

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 366 - 373, 30.09.2025

Öz

Türkiye'de Kızılgeyik (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) uzun yıllardır popülasyonu azaldığı için çeşitli bölgelerde koruma altına alınmış bir türdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkmenbaba Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahası'ndaki (YHGS) Kızılgeyik popülasyon büyüklüğünü tahmin etmek ve popülasyon yoğunluk haritası ile meşcere haritası arasındaki bölgesel ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Çalışma alanında, Dışkı Kalan Ürün (FSC) yöntemi kullanılarak 80 örnek alanda dışkı grup sayımları yapılarak Kızılgeyik popülasyon yoğunluğu tahmin edilmiştir. Yoğunluk verileri ArcGIS programındaki Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) aracı ile yoğunluk haritası elde etmek için kullanılmıştır. FSC'ye göre, hektar başına ortalama 2,125 ± 0,246 dışkı grubu sayılmış ve hektar başına 17,71 ± 2,05 dışkı grup yoğunluğu elde edilmiştir. YHGS için tahmini Kızılgeyik popülasyon yoğunluğu km² başına 0,999 ± 0,116 birey, tahmini toplam popülasyon ise 118,77 ± 13,75'tir. Çalışma, yüksek ve çok yüksek Kızılgeyik popülasyon yoğunluğuna sahip alanların YHGS'nin %5,06'sını kapladığını göstermektedir. Her ormanlık alan türüne göre, bu alanlar çoğunlukla bozulmuş sarıçam ve doğu kayınının baskın olduğu ormanlardır. Kızılgeyiğin olmadığı alanlar YHGS'nin %36,05'ini kaplar ve birçok yerleşim yeri, iğne yapraklı ormanlar ve meşenin baskın olduğu ormanları içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, yöneticilere ve araştırmacılara Kızılgeyik yaban hayatı geliştirme sahalarındaki popülasyon büyüklüğü ve meşcere arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamada katkıda bulunabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Acevedo, P., Ruiz-Fons, F., Vicente, J., Reyes-Garcia, A.R., Alzaga, V., Gortazar, C., 2008. Estimating red deer abundance in a wide range of management situations in Mediterranean habitats. Journal of Zoology, 276(1): 37-47.
  • Acevedo, P., Ferreres, J., Jaroso, R., Durán, M., Escudero, M.A., Marco, J., Gortázar, C., 2010. Estimating roe deer abundance from pellet group counts in Spain: An assessment of methods suitable for Mediterranean woodlands. Ecological Indicators, 10: 1226–1230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.04.006
  • Aksan, Ş., Özdemir, İ., Oğurlu, İ., 2014. Türkiye/Gölcük Tabiat Parkı’nda bazı yabani memeli türlerinin dağılımlarının modellenmesi. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7(1): 1-15.
  • Alves, J., Alves da Silva, A., Soares, A.M.V.M., Fonseca, C., 2013. Pellet group count methods to estimate red deer densities: Precision, potential accuracy and efficiency. Mammalian Biology, 78: 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2012.08.003
  • Batcheler, C.L., 1975. Development of a distance method for deer census from pellet groups. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 39: 641–652.
  • Bennett, L.J., English, P.F., McCain, R., 1940. A study of deer populations by use of pellet-group counts. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 4: 398–403.
  • Camargo-Sanabria, A.A., Mandujano, S., 2011. Comparison of pellet-group counting methods to estimate population density of white-tailed deer in a Mexican tropical dry forest. Tropical Conservation Science, 4: 230–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291100400210
  • Demirsoy, A., 1996. Türkiye Omurgalıları, Memeliler. İkinci Baskı, Meteksan A.Ş., Ankara.
  • Eberhardt, L., Van Etten, R.C., 1956. Evaluation of the pellet group count as a deer census method. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 20(1): 70-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/3797250
  • Ertuğrul, E.T., Mert, A., Oğurlu, İ., 2017. Mapping habitat suitabilities of some wildlife species in Burdur Lake Basin. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 18(2): 149-154.
  • Forsyth, D.M., Barker, R.J., Morrıss G., Scroggıe M.P., 2007. Modeling the relationship between fecal pellet ındices and deer density. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 71 (3): 964–970.
  • Güner, Ş.T., 2006. Türkmen Dağı sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris ssp. hamata) ormanlarının yükseltiye bağlı büyüme beslenme ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
  • Härkönen, S., Heikkilä, R., 1999. Use of pellet group counts in determining density and habitat use of moose Alces alces in Finland. Wildlife Biology, 5(4): 233-239.
  • Keten, A., Kahraman, Z., 2019. Doğu kayını ağırlıklı ormanlarda aralama müdahalesinin yaban hayatı üzerine etkileri. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 16(1), 128-139.
  • Koca, A., 2021. Research of red deer (cervus elaphus l., 1758) populatıon ecology in Akdağ wildlife development area. PhD Dissertation, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, The Institute of Graduate Education, Department of Forest Engineering, Isparta.
  • Laing, S.E., Buckland, S.T., Burn, R.W., Lambie, D., Amphlett, A., 2003. Dung and nest surveys: Estimating decay rates. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40(6): 1102–1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00861.x
  • Mandujano, S., 2014. PELLET : An Excel ® -based procedure for estimating deer population density using the pellet-group counting method. Tropical Conservation Science, 7(2): 308–325.
  • Mayle, B.A., Peace, A.J., Gill, R.M., 1999. How Many Deer? A Field Guide to Estimating Deer Population Size. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh.
  • Mayle, B.A., Staines B.W., 1998. An overview of methods used for estimating the size of deer populations in Great Britain. In: Population Ecology, Management and Welfare of Deer (Eds: Goldspink, C.R., King, S., Putman, R.J.), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, pp. 19–31.
  • McCutchen, A.A., 1938. Preliminary results of wildlife census based on actual counts compared to previous estimates on national forests. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference, 3: 407–414.
  • Morellet, N., Klein, F., Solberg, E., Andersen, R., 2010. The census and management of populations of ungulates in Europe. In: Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices (Eds: Putman, R., Apollonio, M., Andersen, R.), Cambridge University Press, U.K., pp. 106–143.
  • Morrison, J.C., Sechrest, W., Dinerstein, E., Wilcove, D.S., Lamoreux J.F., 2007. Persistence of large mammal faunas as indicators of global human impacts. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(6): 1363–1380.
  • NCNP, 2023. Korunan Alan İstatistikleri. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, Ankara, https://www. tarimorman.gov.tr/DKMP/Menu/18/Korunan-Alan-Istatistikleri, Accessed: 24.06.2023.
  • Neff, D.J., 1968. The pellet-group count technique for big game trend, census and distribution: a review. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 32: 597–614.
  • Oğurlu, İ., 1997. The estimation of a red deer population density based on pellet counts. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 21(4): 399–408. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.2942
  • Oğurlu, İ., 2001. Yaban Hayatı Ekolojisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayını, Isparta.
  • Oğurlu, İ., 2003. Yaban Hayatında Envanter. TC Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü Av ve Yaban Hayatı Dairesi Başkanlığı Matbaası, Ankara.
  • Oğurlu, İ., Yavuz, H., 1994. Geyik (Cervus elaphus l.) popülasyon yoğunluğunun dışkı sayım metoduyla tahmi̇n edi̇lmesi̇nde bilgisayar programı kullanılması. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi, 11(3): 35-39.
  • Oruç, M.S., 2017. Modelling habitat suitability for red deer (Cervus elaphus l.) using satellite data and environmental variables in Çatacık region, Eskişehir. M.Sc. Thesis. Süleyman Demirel Üniversity, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Forest Engineering, Isparta.
  • Perea, R., Girardello, M., San Miguel, A., 2014. Big game or big loss? High deer densities are threatening woody plant diversity and vegetation dynamics. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23(5): 1303-1318
  • Putman, R.J., 1984. Facts from faeces. Mammal Review, 14(2): 79–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1984.tb00341.x
  • Smart, J.C.R., Ward, A.I., White, P.C.L., 2004. Monitoring woodland deer populations in the UK : an imprecise science. Mammal Review, 34(1-2): 99–114.
  • Smith, A.D., 1964. Defecation rates of mule deer. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 28(3): 435–444.
  • Soofi, M., Ghoddousi, A., Hamidi, A.K., Ghasemi, B., Egli, L., Voinopol-Sassu, A.J., Kiabi, B.H., Balkenhol, N., Khorozyan, I., Waltert, M., 2017. Precision and reliability of indirect population assessments for the Caspian red deer Cervus elaphus maral. Wildlife Biology, 2017(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00230
  • Staines, B.W., Ratcliffe, P.R., 1987. Estimating the abundance of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and their current status in Great Britain. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 58: 131–152.
  • Süel, H., Ercan, M., 2019. Akdağ (Afyon) yöresinde kızıl geyik (Cervus elaphus L.)’in habitat tercihleri. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 3(2): 201-212.
  • Torres, R.T., Santos, J., Fonseca, C., 2013. Persistence of roe (Capreolus capreolus) and red (Cervus elaphus) deer pellet-groups in a Mediterranean Mosaic landscape. Wildlife Biology in Practice. 9: 7–18. https://doi.org/10.2461/wbp.2013.ibeun.2
  • TSMS, 2023. Resmi İklim İstatistikleri. Republic of Türkiye Minister of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, Turkish State Meteorological Service, https://www.mgm.gov.tr/ veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=KUTAHYA, Accessed: 26.04.2023.
  • Yılmaz, O.S., 2023. Frekans oranı yöntemiyle coğrafi bilgi sistemi ortamında heyelan duyarlılık haritasının üretilmesi: Manisa, Demirci, Tekeler Köyü Örneği. Geomatik, 8(1): 42-54. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.1108735

Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 366 - 373, 30.09.2025

Öz

In Türkiye, the red deer (Cervus elaphus L., 1758) is one such species that has been under protection in various regions due to its declining population for many years. The aim of this study is to estimate the population size of red deer in the Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area (TWDA) and to determine the regional relationship between population density map and forest stand map. The study area was used to estimate the population density of red deer by carrying out pellet group counts in 80 sample areas using the Fecal Standing Crop (FSC) method. The density data was used to obtain a density map through the Inverse Distance Weighted tool in the ArcGIS program. According to the FSC, an average of 2.125 ± 0.246 pellet groups were counted, resulting in a pellet group density of 17.71 ± 2.05 per hectare. The estimated red deer population density for the TWDA was 0.999 ± 0.116 individuals per km², with a total estimated population of 118.77 ± 13.75. The study show that areas with high and very high red deer population density cover 5.06% of TWDA. Based on each stand type, these areas have mostly degraded scots pine and forests where oriental beech is dominant. Areas without red deer cover 36.05% of TWDA and contain many settlements, coniferous forests and forests where oak is dominant. The results of this study can contribute to managers and researchers in explaining to relationship between population size and forest stand in red deer wildlife development areas.

Teşekkür

This study was produced from Mehmet Serdar ORUÇ's doctoral thesis.

Kaynakça

  • Acevedo, P., Ruiz-Fons, F., Vicente, J., Reyes-Garcia, A.R., Alzaga, V., Gortazar, C., 2008. Estimating red deer abundance in a wide range of management situations in Mediterranean habitats. Journal of Zoology, 276(1): 37-47.
  • Acevedo, P., Ferreres, J., Jaroso, R., Durán, M., Escudero, M.A., Marco, J., Gortázar, C., 2010. Estimating roe deer abundance from pellet group counts in Spain: An assessment of methods suitable for Mediterranean woodlands. Ecological Indicators, 10: 1226–1230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.04.006
  • Aksan, Ş., Özdemir, İ., Oğurlu, İ., 2014. Türkiye/Gölcük Tabiat Parkı’nda bazı yabani memeli türlerinin dağılımlarının modellenmesi. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 7(1): 1-15.
  • Alves, J., Alves da Silva, A., Soares, A.M.V.M., Fonseca, C., 2013. Pellet group count methods to estimate red deer densities: Precision, potential accuracy and efficiency. Mammalian Biology, 78: 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2012.08.003
  • Batcheler, C.L., 1975. Development of a distance method for deer census from pellet groups. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 39: 641–652.
  • Bennett, L.J., English, P.F., McCain, R., 1940. A study of deer populations by use of pellet-group counts. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 4: 398–403.
  • Camargo-Sanabria, A.A., Mandujano, S., 2011. Comparison of pellet-group counting methods to estimate population density of white-tailed deer in a Mexican tropical dry forest. Tropical Conservation Science, 4: 230–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291100400210
  • Demirsoy, A., 1996. Türkiye Omurgalıları, Memeliler. İkinci Baskı, Meteksan A.Ş., Ankara.
  • Eberhardt, L., Van Etten, R.C., 1956. Evaluation of the pellet group count as a deer census method. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 20(1): 70-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/3797250
  • Ertuğrul, E.T., Mert, A., Oğurlu, İ., 2017. Mapping habitat suitabilities of some wildlife species in Burdur Lake Basin. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 18(2): 149-154.
  • Forsyth, D.M., Barker, R.J., Morrıss G., Scroggıe M.P., 2007. Modeling the relationship between fecal pellet ındices and deer density. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 71 (3): 964–970.
  • Güner, Ş.T., 2006. Türkmen Dağı sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris ssp. hamata) ormanlarının yükseltiye bağlı büyüme beslenme ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
  • Härkönen, S., Heikkilä, R., 1999. Use of pellet group counts in determining density and habitat use of moose Alces alces in Finland. Wildlife Biology, 5(4): 233-239.
  • Keten, A., Kahraman, Z., 2019. Doğu kayını ağırlıklı ormanlarda aralama müdahalesinin yaban hayatı üzerine etkileri. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 16(1), 128-139.
  • Koca, A., 2021. Research of red deer (cervus elaphus l., 1758) populatıon ecology in Akdağ wildlife development area. PhD Dissertation, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, The Institute of Graduate Education, Department of Forest Engineering, Isparta.
  • Laing, S.E., Buckland, S.T., Burn, R.W., Lambie, D., Amphlett, A., 2003. Dung and nest surveys: Estimating decay rates. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40(6): 1102–1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00861.x
  • Mandujano, S., 2014. PELLET : An Excel ® -based procedure for estimating deer population density using the pellet-group counting method. Tropical Conservation Science, 7(2): 308–325.
  • Mayle, B.A., Peace, A.J., Gill, R.M., 1999. How Many Deer? A Field Guide to Estimating Deer Population Size. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh.
  • Mayle, B.A., Staines B.W., 1998. An overview of methods used for estimating the size of deer populations in Great Britain. In: Population Ecology, Management and Welfare of Deer (Eds: Goldspink, C.R., King, S., Putman, R.J.), Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, pp. 19–31.
  • McCutchen, A.A., 1938. Preliminary results of wildlife census based on actual counts compared to previous estimates on national forests. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference, 3: 407–414.
  • Morellet, N., Klein, F., Solberg, E., Andersen, R., 2010. The census and management of populations of ungulates in Europe. In: Ungulate Management in Europe: Problems and Practices (Eds: Putman, R., Apollonio, M., Andersen, R.), Cambridge University Press, U.K., pp. 106–143.
  • Morrison, J.C., Sechrest, W., Dinerstein, E., Wilcove, D.S., Lamoreux J.F., 2007. Persistence of large mammal faunas as indicators of global human impacts. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(6): 1363–1380.
  • NCNP, 2023. Korunan Alan İstatistikleri. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, Ankara, https://www. tarimorman.gov.tr/DKMP/Menu/18/Korunan-Alan-Istatistikleri, Accessed: 24.06.2023.
  • Neff, D.J., 1968. The pellet-group count technique for big game trend, census and distribution: a review. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 32: 597–614.
  • Oğurlu, İ., 1997. The estimation of a red deer population density based on pellet counts. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 21(4): 399–408. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.2942
  • Oğurlu, İ., 2001. Yaban Hayatı Ekolojisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayını, Isparta.
  • Oğurlu, İ., 2003. Yaban Hayatında Envanter. TC Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü Av ve Yaban Hayatı Dairesi Başkanlığı Matbaası, Ankara.
  • Oğurlu, İ., Yavuz, H., 1994. Geyik (Cervus elaphus l.) popülasyon yoğunluğunun dışkı sayım metoduyla tahmi̇n edi̇lmesi̇nde bilgisayar programı kullanılması. Ekoloji Çevre Dergisi, 11(3): 35-39.
  • Oruç, M.S., 2017. Modelling habitat suitability for red deer (Cervus elaphus l.) using satellite data and environmental variables in Çatacık region, Eskişehir. M.Sc. Thesis. Süleyman Demirel Üniversity, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Forest Engineering, Isparta.
  • Perea, R., Girardello, M., San Miguel, A., 2014. Big game or big loss? High deer densities are threatening woody plant diversity and vegetation dynamics. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23(5): 1303-1318
  • Putman, R.J., 1984. Facts from faeces. Mammal Review, 14(2): 79–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1984.tb00341.x
  • Smart, J.C.R., Ward, A.I., White, P.C.L., 2004. Monitoring woodland deer populations in the UK : an imprecise science. Mammal Review, 34(1-2): 99–114.
  • Smith, A.D., 1964. Defecation rates of mule deer. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 28(3): 435–444.
  • Soofi, M., Ghoddousi, A., Hamidi, A.K., Ghasemi, B., Egli, L., Voinopol-Sassu, A.J., Kiabi, B.H., Balkenhol, N., Khorozyan, I., Waltert, M., 2017. Precision and reliability of indirect population assessments for the Caspian red deer Cervus elaphus maral. Wildlife Biology, 2017(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00230
  • Staines, B.W., Ratcliffe, P.R., 1987. Estimating the abundance of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and their current status in Great Britain. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 58: 131–152.
  • Süel, H., Ercan, M., 2019. Akdağ (Afyon) yöresinde kızıl geyik (Cervus elaphus L.)’in habitat tercihleri. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 3(2): 201-212.
  • Torres, R.T., Santos, J., Fonseca, C., 2013. Persistence of roe (Capreolus capreolus) and red (Cervus elaphus) deer pellet-groups in a Mediterranean Mosaic landscape. Wildlife Biology in Practice. 9: 7–18. https://doi.org/10.2461/wbp.2013.ibeun.2
  • TSMS, 2023. Resmi İklim İstatistikleri. Republic of Türkiye Minister of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, Turkish State Meteorological Service, https://www.mgm.gov.tr/ veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=KUTAHYA, Accessed: 26.04.2023.
  • Yılmaz, O.S., 2023. Frekans oranı yöntemiyle coğrafi bilgi sistemi ortamında heyelan duyarlılık haritasının üretilmesi: Manisa, Demirci, Tekeler Köyü Örneği. Geomatik, 8(1): 42-54. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.1108735
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ormancılık (Diğer)
Bölüm Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Serdar Oruç 0000-0002-2397-8007

İbrahim Özdemir 0000-0001-9677-9255

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 3 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Oruç, M. S., & Özdemir, İ. (2025). Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 26(3), 366-373. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1558521
AMA Oruç MS, Özdemir İ. Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya. Turkish Journal of Forestry. Eylül 2025;26(3):366-373. doi:10.18182/tjf.1558521
Chicago Oruç, Mehmet Serdar, ve İbrahim Özdemir. “Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26, sy. 3 (Eylül 2025): 366-73. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1558521.
EndNote Oruç MS, Özdemir İ (01 Eylül 2025) Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26 3 366–373.
IEEE M. S. Oruç ve İ. Özdemir, “Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 26, sy. 3, ss. 366–373, 2025, doi: 10.18182/tjf.1558521.
ISNAD Oruç, Mehmet Serdar - Özdemir, İbrahim. “Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 26/3 (Eylül2025), 366-373. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.1558521.
JAMA Oruç MS, Özdemir İ. Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2025;26:366–373.
MLA Oruç, Mehmet Serdar ve İbrahim Özdemir. “Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, c. 26, sy. 3, 2025, ss. 366-73, doi:10.18182/tjf.1558521.
Vancouver Oruç MS, Özdemir İ. Regional relationship between red deer population density and forest stand in Türkmenbaba Wildlife Development Area, Kütahya. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2025;26(3):366-73.