FAMILY-BASED INTERVENTION METHODS IN THE PROBATION SYSTEM

Öz

Today, the punishment of criminals in a way that befits human dignity or the reparative execution of punishment is one of the important issues discussed by many academic disciplines such as law, social work, medicine, psychology and sociology. Probation comes to mind when it comes to the reparative execution of sentences. The probation system has emerged in order to improve the liable individual, to prevent the re-crime of the liable individual and to protect the society, as well as to meet the supervision, monitoring and execution needs of the judicial system. Nowadays, probation system takes an important role in the process of improving the liabilities of the obliged parties, by including the social service mechanisms in the process, to minimize the disadvantaged situation of the obliged individuals, prevent them from committing crime again and ensure their social inclusion by supporting them to improve themselves. Recent national and international research on probation shows that interest in this area has increased. However, studies are focused on the national level is not adequately dealt with the family size in the probation system in Turkey. Multi-systemic and functional family therapies are intervention programs designed for children at high risk of recidivism and their families. It is necessary to work with the whole family in order to provide an effective intervention to young individuals during the probation process. Waiting for the youngsters to change their behavior alone can bring the individual to a certain point, but progress can be much easier for youths who know that they are supported by their family. Family-based intervention methods that can be applied in the probation system are also critical to ensure social development and change, as they will improve themselves and increase their existing powers. With this study, it is aimed to explain multi-systemic and functional family therapies, which are among the effective and evidence-based family-based intervention methods, and to share recommendations for the integration of these programs into the Turkish probation system. In addition, the roles and responsibilities of family-based intervention practitioners and family medicines who provide continuous, comprehensive and holistic services to the individual/family are included in this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• family theraphy
• probation
• functional family theraphy
• multisystemic family theraphy
• family based intervention

Denetimli serbestlik sisteminde aile temelli müdahale yöntemleri

Öz

Günümüzde suç işleyenlerin insan onuruna yakışır şekilde cezalandırılması veya cezanın onarıcı şekilde infaz edilmesi hukuk, sosyal hizmet, tıp, psikoloji, sosyoloji gibi birçok akademik disiplinin tartıştığı önemli konulardan birisidir. Cezaların infazının onarıcı şekilde yapılması denilince akla denetimli serbestlik gelmektedir. Denetimli serbestlik sistemi, yükümlü bireyi iyileştirme, yükümlü bireyin yeniden suç işlemesini önleme ve toplumu korumanın yanı sıra adli sistemin denetim, takip ve infaz ihtiyacını karşılamak üzere ortaya çıkmıştır. Günümüzde denetimli serbestlik sistemi, sosyal hizmet uygulamaları ile yükümlü bireylerin dezavantajlı durumlarını en aza indirip yeniden suç işlemelerinin önlenmesi ve kendilerini geliştirmelerine destek olarak sosyal içerilmelerinin sağlanması adına önemli bir sorumluluk üstlenmektedir. Son zamanlarda denetimli serbestliğe dair ulusal ve uluslararası alanda yapılan araştırmalar, bu alana olan ilginin arttığını göstermektedir. Ancak ulusal alandaki çalışmalarda Türkiye’deki denetimli serbestlik sisteminde aile boyutunun yeterince ele alınmadığı üzerinde durulmaktadır. Multi-sistemik ve fonksiyonel aile terapileri, mükerrer suç riski yüksek çocuklar gençler ve ailelerine yönelik tasarlanmış müdahale programlarıdır. Denetimli serbestlik sürecinde genç bireylere etkin bir müdahale sunulabilmesi için ailenin bütünü ile çalışmak gerekmektedir. Tek başına, kişiden davranışlarını değiştirmesini beklemek bireyi belirli bir noktaya kadar getirebilir, ancak ailesi tarafından da desteklendiğini bilen bireyler için ilerleme çok daha kolay olabilmektedir. Denetimli serbestlik sisteminde uygulanabilecek aile temelli müdahale yöntemleri, özellikle çocuk ve genç yükümlülerin güçlü yönlerini geliştirebilmeleri açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışma ile etkili ve kanıta dayalı aile temelli müdahale yöntemlerinden multi-sistemik ve fonksiyonel aile terapilerinin ele alınması ve bu programların Türk denetimli serbestlik sistemine entegrasyonunun sağlanabilmesi ile ilgili önerilerin paylaşılması amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada aile temelli müdahale uygulayıcılarına ve bireye/aileye sürekli, kapsamlı, bütüncül hizmet sunan aile hekimlerine düşen roller ve sorumluluklara yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aile terapisi
• denetimli serbestlik
• fonksiyonel aile terapisi
• multisistemik aile terapisi
• aile temelli müdahale

Kaynakça

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