Covid-19 aşısı uygulanan hastalarda, gelişen komplikasyonlara bağlı acil servis başvurularının incelenmesi: Türkiye’de tek merkezli bir çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Koronavirüs pandemisi sürecinde aşıların keşfi, bağışıklık gelişmesi ve virüs etkilerinin azalması açısından umut olmuştur. Ancak her tedavi yönteminde olduğu gibi, aşıların da yan etki oluşturma riski mevcuttur. Gelişen yan etkileri kategorize etmek ve ciddi yan etki gelişmediğini göstermek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada; inaktive aşı uygulamasında gelişen yan etkilerle acil servise gelen hastalar incelenmeye çalışıldı. Materyal Method: Çalışmaya Ocak-Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında, COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) aşısı (Sinovac-CoronaVac) uygulanan sağlık çalışanları ve 80 yaş üstü kişilerden, yan etki gelişip acil servise başvuran hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil olan hastalardan 82’si (%82,8) sağlık çalışanı, 17’si (%17,2) ise 80 yaş üstü grupta idi. En sık COVID benzeri bulgular (%47,5) saptanmıştır. İlk doz aşı sonrası acil servis başvurularının hızı %69,7 (n=69) iken, 2. doz aşı sonrası başvuruların %30,3’e (n=30) gerilediği gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Genel olarak aşı sonrası yan etkiler tolere edilebilir düzeydedir ve hayati risk oluşturmamaktadır. Ayrıca aşılanma sonrası virüs ile enfekte olma riski düşüktür. Bu yüzden aşı tereddütü daha fazla risk alınmasına sebep olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Coronavac
• Covıd-19
• yan etki
• aşı

THE SIDE-EFFECTS OF COVID-19 VACCINE (CORONAVAC) :A STUDY IN A PROVINCE OF TURKEY

Öz

Objective: The discovery of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic was encouraged to establish immunity and decrease the effects of the virus. Vaccines, like any other medicine, include the possibility of side effects. This study was carried out to categorize the side effects and to show that no severe side effects developed. In this study, we aimed to examine the patients who came to the emergency department with side effects after administering the inactivated vaccine. Material Methods: In this study, between January and March 2021, healthcare workers and people over 80 who applied to the emergency department after developing a side effect after administering the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine were included. Results: In the study, 82 (82.8%) were healthcare professionals, and 17 (17.2%) were in the over-80 age group. The most common side effect was COVID-like findings (47.5%). While the rate of applications to the emergency department after the first dose of vaccination was69.7% (n=69), it was observed that it decreased to 30.3% (n=30) after the second dose of the vaccine. Conclusion: In general, post-vaccination side effects are tolerable and not life-threatening. Furthermore, the risk of becoming infected with the virus post-vaccination is lower. Therefore, hesitation to vaccinate may cause more risk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CoronaVac
• Covıd-19
• Side effect
• vaccine

Kaynakça

1. 1. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Aşısı Bilgilendirme Platformu. https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/TR-77708/covid-19-asisi-cesitleri. Accessed: 14.05.2021
2. 2. Remmel, A. COVID vaccines and safety: what the research says. Nature 590.7847 2021; 538-540. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00290-x
3. 3. Menni C, Klaser K, May A, Polidori L, Capdevila J, Louca P, et.al. Vaccine side-effects and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in users of the COVID Symptom Study app in the UK: a prospective observational study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2021; 21(7), 939-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00224-3
4. 4. Saeed BQ, Al-Shahrabi R, Alhaj SS, Alkokhardi ZM, Adrees AO. Side effects and perceptions following Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccination. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021; 111, 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.013.
5. 5. Al Khames Aga QA, Alkhaffaf WH, Hatem TH, Nassir KF, Batineh Y, Dahham AT, et.al. Safety of COVID‐19 vaccines. Journal of medical virology 2021; 93(12), 6588-6594. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27214.
6. 6. El-Shitany NA, Harakeh S, Badr-Eldin SM, Bagher AM, Eid B, Almukadi H, et.al. Minor to moderate side effects of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine among Saudi residents: a retrospective cross-sectional study. International journal of general medicine 2021; 14, 1389. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FIJGM.S310497
7. 7. Balaban BG, Tanyeri Y, Tokyay BK, İslambey S, Şerefoğlu B, Yolalan G, et.al. SARS-CoV-2’ye Karşı Geliştirilen Aşılar ve Üretim Metotları. Türkiye Sağlık Enstitüleri Başkanlığı Dergisi 2 2021; 14-32.
8. 8. Al Kaabi N, Zhang Y, Xia S, Yang Y, Al Qahtani MM, Abdulrazzaq N, et.al. Effect of 2 inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on symptomatic COVID-19 infection in adults: a randomized clinical trial. Jama 2021; 326(1), 35-45. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.8565

9. 9. Elnaem MH, Mohd Taufek NH, Ab Rahman NS, Mohd Nazar NI, Zin CS, Nuffer W, et.al. COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes, Perceptions, and Side Effect Experiences in Malaysia: Do Age, Gender, and Vaccine Type Matter? Vaccines. 2021; 9(10), 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101156
10. 10. Rerknimitr P, Puaratanaarunkon T, Wongtada C, Wittayabusarakam N, Krithin S, Paitoonpong L, et.al. Cutaneous adverse reactions from 35,229 doses of Sinovac and AstraZeneca COVID‐19 vaccination: a prospective cohort study in healthcare workers. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2022; 36(3), e158-e161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17761
11. 11. He Q, Mao Q, Zhang J, Bian L, Gao F, Wang J, et.al. COVID-19 vaccines: current understanding on immunogenicity, safety, and further considerations. Frontiers in immunology 2021;12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.669339
12. 12. Riad A, Sağıroğlu D, Üstün B, Pokorná A, Klugarová J, Attia,S, et.al. Prevalence and risk factors of CoronaVac Side effects: an independent cross-sectional study among healthcare workers in Turkey. Journal of clinical medicine 2021; 10(12), 2629. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122629
13. 13. Tanriover MD, Doğanay HL, Akova M, Güner HR, Azap A, Akhan S, .et.al. Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey. The Lancet 2021; 398(10296), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01429-X
14. 14. Govaert TM, Dinant GJ, Aretz K, Masurel N, Sprenger MJ, Knottnerus JA. Adverse reactions to influenza vaccine in elderly people: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. British Medical Journal 1993; 307(6910), 988-990. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6910.988
15. 15. Tissot N, Brunel AS, Bozon F, Rosolen B, Chirouze C, Bouiller K. Patients with history of covid-19 had more side effects after the first dose of covid-19 vaccine. Vaccine 2021; 39(36), 5087-5090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.047
16. 16. Riad A, Pokorná A, Klugarová J, Antalová N, Kantorová, L, Koščík M, et. al. Side effects of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines among young adults (18–30 years old): an independent post-marketing study. Pharmaceuticals 2021; 14(10), 1049. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14101049
17. 17. Sprent J, King C. COVID-19 vaccine side effects: The positives about feeling bad. Science immunology 2021; 6(60), eabj9256. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abj9256
18. 18. Glezen WP. Herd protection against influenza. Journal of Clinical Virology 2006; 37(4), 237-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2006.08.020
19. 19. Giubilini A, Savulescu J, Wilkinson D. COVID-19 vaccine: vaccinate the young to protect the old? Journal of Law and the Biosciences 2020; 7(1), lsaa050. https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa050