Bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine Kayıtlı Bireylerin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Aşı Okuryazarlığı ve Etkileyen Faktörler

Öz

Giriş: Bu çalışma, yetişkinler arasında sağlık okuryazarlığı ve COVID-19 aşı okuryazarlığı düzeylerini ve bu düzeylerle ilişkili faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma 2021 yılının Ekim-Kasım-Aralık aylarında Ankara’da bir aile sağlığı merkezinde yürütülmüştür. Örneklem, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 372 yetişkinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplamak için Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ve COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %55,6'sının kadın, %52,2'sinin 40-64 yaş arasında, %65,1'inin evli, %51,6'sının üniversite mezunu, %50,3'ünün giderine eşit gelire sahip, %39,5'inin kronik hastalığı olduğu belirlendi. Katılımcıların %85,8'i COVID-19'a yakalanmadığı ve %3,5'i COVID-19'a karşı aşılanmadığı belirlendi. Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği puan ortalaması 108.19 (SS=14.63), COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ortalama puanı 2.74 (SS=0.60) bulundu. Yaşlıların, eğitim düzeyi ve gelir düzeyi düşük olan bireylerin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı puanları anlamlı olarak daha düşük olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Eğitim düzeyi, COVID-19 aşısı olma durumu ve sağlık okuryazarlığı, COVID-19 aşı okuryazarlığının %37'sini açıkladı. Sonuç: Mevcut çalışmada, katılımcıların sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyinin yeterli olduğunu ve COVID-19 aşı okuryazarlığının orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaş grubu, eğitim düzeyi ve gelir düzeyinin bu düzeyleri etkilediği belirlendi. Ayrıca eğitim düzeyi, COVID-19 aşısı olma durumu ve sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi COVID-19 aşı okuryazarlığının yordayıcıları olarak belirlendi. COVID-19 aşı okuryazarlığını artırmak için yordayıcı faktörlerin göz önünde bulundurulması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık okuryazarlığı
• Covid-19 pandemisi
• aşılar

Health Literacy, COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy and Related Factors of Individuals Registered with a Family Health Center

Öz

Background: This study aimed to examine health literacy and COVID-19 vaccine literacy levels among adults and the factors associated with these levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a family health center in Ankara in October-November-December 2021. The sample consisted of 372 adults who agreed to participate in the study. The Personal Information Form, the Health Literacy Scale, and the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale were used to collect data. Results: It was determined that 55,6% of the participants were women, 52,2% were between the ages of 40-64, 65,1% were married, 51,6% were university graduates, 50,3% had income equal to their expenses, 39,5% had chronic diseases, 85,8% of them had not contracted COVID-19, and 3,5% had not been vaccinated against COVID-19. The mean score of the Health Literacy Scale was 108.19 (SD=14.63). The mean score of the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale was 2.74 (SD=0.60). The health literacy and COVID-19 vaccine literacy scores of the elderly, individuals with low education and low income levels were found to be significantly lower (p<0.05). Education level, being vaccinated against COVID-19 or not, and health literacy explained 37% of COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy. Conclusions: The current study found that the health literacy level of the participants was sufficient, and the COVID-19 vaccine literacy level was moderate. It was determined that age group, level of education, and level of income affected these levels. In addition, education level, COVID-19 vaccination status and health literacy level were determined as predictors of COVID-19 vaccine literacy. It is recommended to consider predictive factors to increase COVID-19 vaccine literacy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Health literacy
• Covid-19 pandemic
• Vaccines

Kaynakça

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