Yeni Bir Salgın Kapıda: Monkeypox Virüs

Öz

Monkeypox, maymun çiçeği virüsü ile oluşan nadir bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Ancak 1 Ocak 2022 tarihinden bu yana Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 75 üye devletten 16.000 maymun çiçeği vakası ve 5 ölüm bildirilmiştir. Maymun çiçeği hastalığı dünya genelinde beklenmeyen bir hızda yayılmaktadır. Özel bir tedavisi bulunmaması nedeniyle korunma önlemleri konusunda risk grupları ve halka yönelik farkındalık çalışmaları planlanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• maymun çiçeği virusü
• bulaşıcı hastalık
• tanı
• korunma

A New Epidemic Is At The Door: Monkeypox Virus

Öz

Monkeypox is a rare infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. However, since 1 January 2022, 16,000 cases of monkeypox and 5 deaths have been reported by the World Health Organization from 75 member states. Monkeypox is spreading at an unexpected rate throughout the world. Since there is no specific treatment, awareness studies should be planned for risk groups and the public regarding prevention measures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• moneypox virus
• prevention
• diagnosis
• Contagious disease

Kaynakça

1. 1. World Health Organization (WHO). Multi-country monkeypox outbreak: situation update. https://www.who.int/news-room/speeches/item/who-director-general-s-statement-on-the-press-conference-following-IHR-emergency-committee-regarding-the-multi--country-outbreak-of-monkeypox--23-july-2022. (accessed June 25, 2022)
2. 2. World Health Organization (WHO). Surveillance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-Surveillance-2022.2. (accessed June 25, 2022)
3. 3. Barrett J.W., McFadden G. Origin and Evolution of Viruses. Elsevier Ltd.; Singapore: 2008. Origin and Evolution of Poxviruses; pp. 431–446.
4. 4. Hughes A.L., Irausquin S., Friedman R. The evolutionary biology of poxviruses. Infect. Genet. Evol. 2010; 10:50–59. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.10.001SS
5. 5. Diven D.G. An overview of poxviruses. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2001;44:1–16. doi: 10.1067/mjd.2001.109302.
6. 6. Odom M.R., Curtis Hendrickson R., Lefkowitz E.J. Poxvirus protein evolution: Family wide assessment of possible horizontal gene transfer events. Virus Res. 2009; 144:233–249. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.05.006.
7. 7. Lefkowitz E.J., Wang C., Upton C. Poxviruses: Past, present and future. Virus Res. 2006; 117:105–118. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.016.
8. 8. Faye O, Pratt CB, Faye M, et al. Genomic characterisation of human monkeypoxvirus in Nigeria. Lancet Infect Dis 2018;18:246.

9. 9. World Health Organization (WHO). Monkeypox Key facts. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox. (accessed June 28, 2022)
10. 10. Petersen, Eskild, et al. "Human monkeypox: epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and prevention." Infectious Disease Clinics 2019: 33.4: 1027-1043.
11. 11. Gordon SN, Cecchinato V, Andresen V, et al. Smallpox vaccine safety is dependent on T cells and not B cells. J Infect Dis, 2011;203:1043–53.
12. 12. Huhn GD, Bauer AM, Yorita K, et al. Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox, and risk factors for severe disease. Clin Infect Dis, 2005; 41:1742–51.
13. 13. Nolen LD, Osadebe L, Katomba J, et al. Extended human-to-human transmission during a monkeypox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis, 2016; 22:1014–21.
14. 14. Damon IK. Status of human monkeypox: clinical disease, epidemiology and research. Vaccine 2011;29(Suppl 4): D54–9.
15. 15. World Health Organization (WHO). Clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox: Interim rapid response guidance, 24 June 2022. 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPXClinical-and-IPC-2022.1 (accessed June 28, 2022).
16. 16. Antinori A, Mazzotta V, Vita S, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 2022; 27: 2200421.
17. 17. Noe, S. Z., et al. Clinical and virological features of first Monkeypox cases in Germany. Research square, 2022. DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1725831/v1.
18. 18. Mbala PK, Huggins JW, Riu-Rovira T, et al. Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Human Monkeypox Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo. J Infect Dis 2017; 216: 824–8.).
19. 19. World Health Organization (WHO). Laboratory testing for the monkeypox virus: Interim guidance. 2022; published online May 23. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MPX-laboratory-2022.1 (accessed June 21, 2022.
20. 20. Center for Disease Control and Prevention.(CDC). Clinical Guidance for the Treatment of Monkeypoxhttps://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/treatment.html. (accessed June 29, 2022)
21. 21. Fine PE, Jezek Z, Grab B, et al. The transmission potential of monkeypox virus in human populations. Int J Epidemiol 1988; 17:643–50.
22. 22. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). Isolation and Prevention Practices for People with Monkeypox. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/prevention.html. (accessed June 30, 2022).
23. 23. Neff, John, et al. Monitoring the safety of a smallpox vaccination program in the United States: report of the joint Smallpox Vaccine Safety Working Group of the advisory committee on immunization practices and the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board. Clinical infectious diseases, 2008, 46.Supplement_3: S258-S270.
24. 24. Gilchuk I, Gilchuk P, Sapparapu G, et al. Cross-neutralizing and protective human antibody specificities to poxvirus infections. Cell 2016; 167:684–94.
25. 25. World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccines and immunization for monkeypox: Interim guidance https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-mpx-immunization-2022.1. (accessed June 30, 2022)
26. 26. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). Monkeypox Vaccine Information for Healthcare Professionals. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/considerations-for-monkeypox-vaccination.html. (accessed June 30, 2022)