Sağlık İnanç Modeline Dayalı Çevrimiçi Eğitimin Sağlık İnançları ve Meme Kanseri Korkusuna Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sağlık İnanç Modeli doğrultusunda verilen meme kanseri ve kendi kendine meme muayenesi çevrimiçi eğitiminin kadınların sağlık inançlarına ve meme kanseri korkusuna etkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Tek grup ön test-son test değerlendirmeli yarı deneysel türde yürütülen bu araştırma Kasım 2022-Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi bir çalışma olarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmaya bir sosyal medya grubunda yer alan 66 kadın dahil edildi. Araştırmanın verileri çevrimiçi eğitim müdahalesi öncesi ve müdahaleden iki ay sonra tanıtıcı özellikler veri toplama formu, “Champion Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği”, ve “Champion Meme Kanseri Korku Ölçeği” ile toplandı. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımlı gruplarda t-testi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çevrimiçi eğitim müdahalesi sonrasında kadınların sağlık inançları alt boyutlarından duyarlılık algısı (t=-6,616, p=0,001), yarar algısı (t=-10,576, p=0,001), güven algısı (t=-16,268, p=0,001) ve sağlık motivasyonu (t=-3,125, p=0,001) puan ortalamalarında anlamlı bir artış olduğu, engel algısı (t=6,712, p=0,001) puan ortalamasında ise anlamlı bir azalış olduğu saptandı. Çevrimiçi eğitim müdahalesinin kadınların sağlık inançları alt boyutlarından ciddiyet algısına (t=-1,493, p=0,14) etkisi olmadığı belirlendi. Meme kanseri korkusu ölçeği ön test ve son test puan ortalamaları arasında (t=6,170, p=0,001) anlamlı bir azalış olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Bu araştırmanın sonuçları meme kanseri ve kendi kendine meme muayenesi çevrimiçi eğitiminin kadınların sağlık inançlarında, özellikle duyarlılık, yarar, engel, güven algısı ve sağlık motivasyonunda anlamlı etkileri olduğunu ve meme kanseri korkusunu azalttığını göstermektedir. Kadınları meme farkındalığı ve düzenli kendi kendine meme muayenesi uygulamaları konusunda teşvik etmek için çevrimiçi eğitim müdahalesi uygun bir yaklaşım olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevrimiçi Eğitim
• Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi
• Meme Kanseri
• Meme Kanseri Korkusu
• Sağlık İnanç Modeli

Effects of Health Belief Model – Based Online Training on Health Beliefs and Fear of Breast Cancer

Öz

Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of breast cancer and breast self-examination online education given in line with the Health Belief Model on women's health beliefs and fear of breast cancer. Methods: This research, conducted in a quasi-experimental type with a single group pretest-posttest evaluation, was carried out as an online study between November 2022 and January 2023. The study included 66 women in a social media group. The data of the study were collected with the descriptive characteristics data collection form, “Champion Health Belief Model Scale”, and “Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale” before and two months after the online education intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test. Results: After the online education intervention, there was a significant increase in the mean scores of women's health beliefs subscales, perceived susceptibility (t=-6.616, p=0.001), perceived benefits (t=-10.576, p=0.001), perceived confidence (t=-16.268, p=0.001), and health motivation (t=-3.125, p=0.001); there was a significant decrease in the mean score of perceived barriers (t=6.712, p=0.001). The online education intervention had no effect on the perceived seriousness (t=-1.493, p=0.14), one of the subscales of women's health beliefs. A significant decrease was found between the breast cancer fear scale pretest and posttest mean scores (t=6.170, p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that breast cancer and breast self-examination online education have significant effects on women's health beliefs, especially perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived trust, and health motivation, and reduce the fear of breast cancer. An online educational intervention may be an appropriate approach to encourage women to practice breast awareness and regular breast self-examination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Online Training
• Breast Self-Exam
• Breast Cancer
• Fear of Breast Cancer
• Health Belief Model

Kaynakça

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