Öğrencilerin Kadına Yönelik Şiddete İlişkin Tutumları ve Depresyonları Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2024, , 312 - 320, 05.09.2024

Nurdilan Şener Çetin , Ayşe Nur Yılmaz , Maral Kargın

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1280900

Öz

Giriş: Çeşitli biçimlerdeki (cinsel, fiziksel veya taciz) yakın partner şiddeti dahil olmak üzere kadına yönelik şiddet ve çocukluk çağı şiddeti (cinsel veya fiziksel) yaygındır ve depresif belirtilerle ilişkilidir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı nitelikte tasarlanan bu araştırmanın örneklemini, Ekim-Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin Doğusunda bulunan bir kamu üniversitesinin Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 895öğrenci oluşturdu. Veriler; "Kişisel Tanıtım Formu" “ISKEBE Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Tutum Ölçeği” ve “Beck Depresyon Ölçeği” toplandı. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede; tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız gruplar t-testi, pearson korelasyon analizi, Ki-kare ve ANOVA testleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Şiddet gördüğünü ifade eden öğrencilerin (%56.1) %24.5’i annesinden, %20’si babasından ve %20.2’si ise kardeşinden sözel şiddet gördüğü saptandı. Ayrıca öğrencilerin %23.2’si arkadaşından ve %14.7’si de sevgilisinden duygusal şiddet gördüğünü belirtti. Öğrencilerin şiddet durumunda verdikleri tepkinin ne olduğu sorulduğunda öğrencilerin çoğu (%28.3) kendisinden özür dilendiğini ve sonrasında barış sağlandığını ifade etti. ISKEBE bedene yönelik tutum alt boyutundan aldıkları puan ortalamasının, öğrencilerin şiddete maruz kalma durumu, duygusal ve cinsel şiddeti yaşamış olma durumu, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi ve anne eğitim seviyesi faktörlerinden etkilediği ve aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görüldü. Şiddete maruz kalan öğrencilerin, evlilerin, 1. Sınıf öğrencisi ve 18 yaş altı olanların Beck Depresyon Ölçeği puan ortalamasının anlamlı şeklide yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Öğrencilerin yaşları arttıkça yaşları ile sınıfları yükseldikçe öğrencilerin kadına yönelik şiddete yönelik tutumlarının olumlu olduğu, hayatının herhangi bir döneminde şiddete maruz kalan öğrencilerin depresyon puanının, şiddete maruz kalmayanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu saptandı Ayrıca, öğrencilerin depresyon puanları artarken İSKEBE puanlarının düştüğü ortaya çıkmakta, bu da depresyon puanı yüksek olanların “kadına yönelik şiddet” konusuna olumlu yaklaşım sergilediğini göstermektedir. Hemşire eğitimcileri ve hemşireler, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ruh sağlığını korumaya ve kadına yönelik şiddet konusundaki farkındalıklarını artırmaya yönelik müdahaleler planlamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şiddet, kadın, kadına yönelik şiddet, depresyon, öğrenci

The Relationship Between Students' Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women And Their Depression

Öz

Background: Violence against women, especially by an intimate partner in its various forms (sexual, physical, or stalking), and childhood violence (sexual or physical) are common and are associated with depressive symptoms.
Method: The sample of this descriptive-analytic research was consisted of 895 students attending to the Faculty of Health Sciences of a public university in the East of Turkey. Data were collected between October and November 2021 via the "Personal Description Form", "ISKEBE Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women Scale" and "Beck Depression Scale". Descriptive statistics, independent group t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, Chi-square, and ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: More than half of the students (56.1%) stated that they were exposed to violence. Verbal violence was reported to come from mothers (24.5%), fathers (20.0%) and sibling (20.2%). In addition, 23.2% of the students experienced emotional violence from their friends and 14.7% from their partners. The majority of participants indicated that an apology typically follows an act of violence as a means of restoring peace and order (28.3%). Attitude towards the body sub-dimension of ISKEBE was significantly related with the exposure to violence in general, experience of emotional and sexual violence, gender, grade and mother's educational level. Beck Depression Scale scores were significantly higher in students exposed to violence, were married, were in first grade and those under the18 years of age
Conclusion: In this study, we found that as the age of the students increased, their attitudes towards violence against women became increasingly positive. The depression score of the students who had been exposed to violence at any point in their lives was found to be higher than those who had not experienced violence. Furthermore, it was observed that while students' depression scores increased, ISKEBE scores decreased. This indicates that individuals with elevated depression scores tend to adopt a positive approach to the issue of "violence against women". Nurse educators and nurses should plan interventions to protect the mental health of nursing students and to increase their awareness of violence against women.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Violence, women, violence against women, depression, student

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank the participants in this study.

Kaynakça

• 1. Sis Çelik A, Aydın A. The effect of a course on violence against women on the attitudes of student midwives and nurses towards domestic violence against women, their occupational roles in addressing violence, and their abilities to recognize the signs of violence. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2019;55(2):210-217. doi:10.1111/ppc.12333
• 2. Çalışkan H, Çevik Eİ. (2018). The determinants of violence against women: Evidence from Turkey. BJSS Balkan Journal of Social Sciences.2018; 7 (14) , 218-233.
• 3. Bükecik E, Özkan B. Violence against Women: The Impact of Gender Inequality on Women’s Health. İKÇÜSBFD. 2018; 3(2): 33-37.
• 4. Ünal B, Gülseren L. The hidden side of COVID-19 pandemic: Domestic violence. J Clin Psy. 2020; 23 (1), 89-94
• 5. Kanbay Y, Aslan Ö, Işik E, Tektaş P. Development study on ISKEBE Violence against Women Attitude Scale (ISKEBE Attitude Scale). Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2017; 18(5), 453.
• 6. Özkan Y, Uysal M, Topçu G, Danışmaz Sevin M, Ertan Koçak Y. Valıdıty and relıabılıty study of adaptatıon of the scale of attıtudes on vıolence ın Turkısh, The Journal of Turkish Social Research. 2018; 22 (4) , 821-844
• 7. Yu R, Aaltonen M, Branje S, et al. Depression and Violence in Adolescence and Young Adults: Findings From Three Longitudinal Cohorts. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(8):652-658.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.016
• 8. Fazel S, Wolf A, Chang Z, Larsson H, Goodwin GM, Lichtenstein P. Depression and violence: a Swedish population study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(3):224-232. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00128-X
• 9. Sevim Y., Ataş S. The Slope of Violence on College Students and Students' Standpoint on Intrafamilial of Violence. Fırat University Journal of Social Science. 2016; 25(1): 285-302.
• 10. Barros-Gomes, P., Kimmes, J., Smith, E., Cafferky, B., Stith, S., Durtschi, J., & McCollum, E. The role of depression in the relationship between psychological and physical intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2019; 34(18):3936-3960. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516673628
• 11. Altiparmak S, Yilmaz A.N. The effect depression levels in midwives have on burnout and their level of job satisfaction. European journal of midwifery. 2021; 5, 24. https://doi.org/10.18332/ejm/137486
• 12. Beck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4(6):561-71.
• 13. Hisli N. Validity and reliability of Beck Depression Inventory for university students. Psikoloji Dergisi. 1989;7(23):3-13
• 14. Ho MY, Cheung FM, You J, Kam C, Zhang X, Kliewer W. The moderating role of emotional stability in the relationship between exposure to violence and anxiety and depression. Personality and individual differences. 2013; 55(6), 634-639.
• 15. Dağlar G, Bilgic D, Demirel G. Nursing and midwifery students’ attitudes towards violence against women. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty, 2017; 10(4):220–8.35.
• 16. Assari S, Moghani Lankarani M. Violence Exposure and Mental Health of College Students in the United States. Behav Sci (Basel). 2018;8(6):53,1-14. doi:10.3390/bs8060053
• 17. Sabancıoğulları S, Taşkın Yılmaz F, Ar E, Çakmaktepe G. The attitudes of nursing students towards violence against women and occupational role in violence, self-esteem, and affecting factors. Journal of Educatıon and Research in Nursıng (HEAD). 2016; 13(1), 35-43.
• 18. Aktaş B, Kaya F, Daştan NB. The attitudes of nursing and midwifery students toward domestic violence against women, International Journal of Society Researches. 2019; 14(20), 1448-1474.
• 19. Akan Y, Kıran B. Erkeklerin şiddete maruz kalma ve şiddet uygulama yaşantıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches. 2017;2(2):47-71.
• 20. Akkaş İ, Uyanık Z. Vıolence agaınst women. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal. 2016; 6(1), 32-42.
• 21. Tektaş P, Yıldız N, Kanbay Y, Işık E, Aslan Ö. Examination of the factors related to violence against women attitude in university students. ACU International Journal of Social Sciences. 2020; 6(1), 40-49.
• 22. Genç Y, Taylan HH, Adıgüzel Y, Kutlu İ. The Effects of Domestic Violence on Adolescents’ Violence Tendencies: The Case of Antalya High Schools. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 2017; 7(2), 409-422.
• 23. Şahin E, Yeşilçınar İ, Geriş R. Attitudes of midwifery students' towards violence agaınst women and affecting factors. Life Sciences. 2019; 14(4), 84-93.
• 24. Pinar SE, Sabanciogullari S. Nursing and midwifery students’ attitudes towards violence against women and recognizing signs of violence against women. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2019; 12(3), 1520.
• 25. Kaynar Tunçel E, Dündar C, Peşken Y. Evaluation of the Knowledge and Attitudes of Nursing and Midwifery Students about Domestic Violence. Journal of General Medicine. 2007; 17(2):105-110.
• 26. Sahin H, Erkal S. Determination of University Student Attitudes Toward Violence. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences. 2017; 3(3), 387-393.
• 27. Cetinkaya SK. The examination of the relationship between tendency of violence and gender roles attitudes among the university students. Nesne Journal of Psychology. 2013; 1(02), 21-43.
• 28. Adıbelli D, Özkan İ. Attitudes towards violence in university students and the ınfluencing factors. Akdeniz Medical Journal. 2020; 6(2), 241-248.
• 29. Babacan GA, Şıpkın S, Tuna A, Keskin G. The relationship between problematic internet use, violence trend and some demographic variables among university students. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2015; 14(6),460-468.
• 30. Uçar T, Derya YA, Karaaslan T, Tunç OA. The attitudes of university students regarding gender roles and violent behaviors. Journal of Continuing Medical Education. 2017; 26(3), 96-103.
• 31. Demir Ö. Attitudes of nursing students towards violence against women and influencing factors. Okan University Institute of Health Sciences master thesis. Page:18-31.2017.
• 32. Kumar A, Nizamie SH, Srivastava NK. Violence against women and mental health. Mental Health & Prevention. 2013; 1(1), 4-10.
• 33. Kamimura A, Nourian MM, Assasnik N, Franchek-Roa K. Depression and intimate partner violence among college students in Iran. Asian J Psychiatr. 2016;23:51-55. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.014
• 34. Yanık A, Hanbaba Z, Soygür S, Ayaltı B, Doğan M. Evaluation of vıolent behavıor agaıst women: evıdence from Turkey. Ejovoc (Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges). 2014; 4(4), 104-111.
• 35. Çetin ÖI. Violence Tendencies In Young Adult Men and Its Relationship with Psychological Status. Istanbul Unıversity Institute of Health Sciences, Master's thesis, Page: 5-12. 2016.
• 36. Arabacı LB, Uygun T. Characteristics of Perpetrators and Victims of Violence. Journal of Nursing Science. 2022; 5(1), 38-46.