Tütün Bağımlılığı ve Fertilite

Öz

Tütün kullanımı, gelişmekte olan ve az gelişmiş ülkelerde yaygın bir bağımlılık sorunudur. Sigara yoluyla alınan nikotin, bağımlılığın en yaygın nedenlerinden biridir ve immün hastalıklar, kanser, kardiyovasküler sorunlar ve solunum hastalıkları, cinsel işlev bozuklukları ve infertilite gibi çok sayıda önemli sağlık sorununa yol açmaktadır. Son yıllarda fertilite oranlarının düştüğü bildirilmektedir ve bu kapsamda üreme sağlığını etkileyen önlenebilir risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Tütün kullanımı da bu önlenebilir risk faktörlerinden biridir. Tütün bağımlılığı, kadın ve erkek üreme sistemi üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Kadınlarda tütün kullanımı over rezervini azaltarak erken menopoza yol açabilir, steroid hormon dengesini bozarak üreme fonksiyonlarını etkileyebilir ve yardımcı üreme teknikleri başarısını düşürebilmektedir. Erkeklerde ise sperm kalitesini olumsuz etkileyerek doğal yolla veya yardımcı üreme teknikleriyle gebelik şansını azaltabilmektedir. Bu derleme, tütün bağımlılığının kadın ve erkek fertilitesi üzerindeki etkilerini güncel literatür doğrultusunda inceleyerek, bireylere sağlıklı yaşam biçimi kazandırma ve infertiliteyi önlemeye yönelik danışmanlık hizmetlerinin önemini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tütün
• Sigara
• Fertilite
• Sağlık

Tobacco Addiction and Fertility

Öz

Tobacco use is a common addiction problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. Nicotine intake through smoking is one of the most common causes of addiction and leads to many health problems including immune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, sexual dysfunctions and infertility. It has been reported that fertility rates have decreased in recent years, and in this context, determination of preventable risk factors affecting reproductive health has gained importance. Tobacco use is one of these preventable risk factors. Tobacco addiction has negative effects on the male and female reproductive systems. In women, tobacco use may lead to early menopause by decreasing ovarian reserve, may affect reproductive functions by disrupting steroid hormone balance, and may decrease the success of assisted reproductive techniques. In men, it may adversely affect sperm quality and reduce the chance of pregnancy naturally or with assisted reproductive techniques. This review aims to examine the effects of tobacco addiction on female and male fertility in line with the current literature and to emphasise the importance of counselling services for individuals to gain a healthy lifestyle and to prevent infertility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tobacco
• Smoking
• Fertility
• Health

Kaynakça

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