Aile Hekimliği Uzmanlık Eğitiminde Araştırma ve Niteliksel Araştırmaların Yeri ve Önemi

Öz

Aile hekimliği uzmanlık eğitimi klinik bilgi, beceri, tutum ve davranışlarının yanı sıra eğiticilik, araştırmacılık ve yöneticilik niteliklerinin geliştirilmesi temeline dayanır. Bu bağlamda aile hekimliği uzmanının tanımı çerçevesinde klinisyen aile hekiminin yanında araştırmacı aile hekimi de bulunmaktadır. Aile Hekimliği Uzmanlık Eğitimi Çekirdek Müfredatı kapsamında öğrencinin araştırma tasarlaması ve tamamlaması süreci tanımlanmıştır.

Aile hekimliği alanında uzmanlık öğrencisinin araştırma yapmasının önemi, kavramsal olarak eleştirel düşünme ve hasta bakım becerilerini geliştirmenin yanında tıp literatürünü anlamaktan geçer.

Aile hekimliği uzmanlık eğitimi sürecinde, nicel ve nitel yöntemler kullanılarak araştırılan sorulara yanıt üretilir. Niteliksel araştırma, neden-sonuç ilişkilerinin sunumu ve araştırılmasına sayısal olarak dayanan nicel araştırmanın aksine, hipotezi test etmek yerine hipotez üretir, ölçüm yapmak yerine açıklama sunar. Aile hekimliği klinik yaklaşımının doğası, hasta bakımına kapsamlı yaklaşım sağlamak için hem nicel hem de nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin öğrenilmesini gerektirir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aile Hekimliği
• Uzmanlık Eğitimi
• Niteliksel Araştırma

The Role and Importance of Research and Qualitative Research in Family Medicine Residency Training

Öz

Family medicine residency training is based on developing clinical knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as teaching, research, and management capabilities. In this context, the definition of a family medicine specialist includes not only the family physician but also the family physician-researcher. The Family Medicine Specialist Training Core Curriculum outlines the process for students to design and complete research.

Research is essential for family medicine residents because it develops conceptual critical thinking, patient care skills, and an understanding of the medical literature.

During family medicine residency training, answers to researched questions are generated using quantitative and qualitative methods. Unlike quantitative research, which relies on numerical analysis to present and investigate cause-and-effect relationships, qualitative research generates hypotheses rather than testing them and offers explanations rather than measurements. The nature of the clinical approach in family medicine requires learning both quantitative and qualitative research methods to provide comprehensive patient care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Family Medicine
• Residency Training
• Qualitative Research

Kaynakça

1. 1. Rakel RE. The Family Physician. In Rakel. The Textbook of Family Practice. 5th edition. W.B. Saunders Company 1995, 3-19. Yazar: Robert E. Rakel, MD, David P. Rakel, MD Çeviri Editörü: Prof. Dr. Esra Saatçı, Baskı Tarihi: 2019 Birinci Kısım: Aile Hekimliği İlkeleri 1. Aile Hekimi, 3-17. Güneş Tıp Kitabevi
2. 2. Tıpta Uzmanlık Kurulu Müfredat Oluşturma ve Standart Belirleme Sistemi. Aile Hekimliği Uzmanlık Eğitimi Çekirdek Müfredatı, 2019. https://dosyamerkez.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/34104/0/ailehekimligimufredatv24pdf.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2025).
3. 3. Marusić A, Marusić M. Teaching students how to read and write science: a mandatory course on scientific research and communication in medicine. Acad Med. 2003;78(12):1235-1239. doi:10.1097/00001888-200312000-00007
4. 4. Carek PJ, Mainous AG 3rd. The state of resident research in family medicine: small but growing. Ann Fam Med. 2008;6 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S2-S4. doi:10.1370/afm 779
5. 5. Neale AV. A national survey of research requirements for family practice residents and faculty. Fam Med. 2002;34(4):262-267.
6. 6. Leahy N, Sheps J, Tracy CS, Nie JX, Moineddin R, Upshur RE. Family physicians' attitudes toward education in research skills during residency: findings from a national mailed survey. Can Fam Physician. 2008;54(3):413-414.
7. 7. Pyo J, Lee W, Choi EY, Jang SG, Ock M. Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Necessity and Characteristics. J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):12-20. doi:10.3961/jpmph.22.451
8. 8. Liira H, Brand G, Thulesius H. Qualitative research thrives in primary care with the support of research training and mentoring. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2017;35(4):307-308. doi:10.1080/02813432.2017.1398935

9. 9. Tenny S, Brannan JM, Brannan GD. Qualitative Study. [Updated 2022 Sep 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/) (erişim tarihi: 31.08.2025)
10. 10. Moser A, Korstjens I. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 1: Introduction. Eur J Gen Pract. 2017;23(1):271-273. doi:10.1080/13814788.2017.1375093
11. 11. Im D, Pyo J, Lee H, Jung H, Ock M. Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Data Analysis. J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(2):100-110. doi:10.3961/jpmph.22.471
12. 12. Crabtree BF, Miller WL. A qualitative approach to primary care research: the long interview. Fam Med. 1991;23(2):145-151
13. 13. Molina-González N, Álvarez-Busco F, Cabrera-Ubilla C, Villagrán-Pradena S, Leyton-Álvarez F, Guerra-Zúñiga M. Key elements for understanding and developing qualitative research for health professionals. Elementos clave para la comprensión y desarrollo de investigaciones cualitativas para profesionales de la salud. Medwave. 2024;24(10): e2972. Published 2024 Nov 22. doi:10.5867/medwave.2024.10.2972
14. 14. Creswell JW. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, fourth edition. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications, 2014. p.139-154
15. 15. Strauss AL, Corbin JM. Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1990. p.96-104
16. 16. Fereday J, Muir-Cochrane E. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 2006;(5)1:80-92. DOI:10.1177/160940690600500107
17. 17. Pyo J, Lee W, Choi EY, Jang SG, Ock M. Qualitative Research in Healthcare: Necessity and Characteristics. J Prev Med Public Health. 2023;56(1):12-20. doi:10.3961/jpmph.22.451
18. 18. Fraser S. Qualitative research in family medicine. Can Fam Physician. 2025;71(3):152. doi:10.46747/cfp.7103152
19. 19. Carroll JK, Hester CM, Lutgen CB, et al. Research interests of family physicians applying for research training. BMC Med Educ. 2023;23(1):617. Published 2023 Aug 29. doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04562-0