Cancer Screening Tests and Associated Factors in Patients with Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer

Öz

Objective: To evaluate cancer screening behaviors among patients diagnosed with breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer and identify factors influencing screening participation. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 470 patients diagnosed with breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer at a hospital in Istanbul between June and December 2021. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the literature. Results: Most participants were women, with variations in age, marital status, and education levels. Screening rates were 55% for breast cancer, 57% for cervical cancer, and 33% for colorectal cancer, with statistically significant differences across cancer types. Fears of cancer and family history were positively associated with screening uptake. Conclusion: Screening participation was higher for breast and cervical cancer than for colorectal cancer. Regular visits to family physicians, fear of cancer, family history, and healthcare professional recommendations were key determinants of screening behavior. Enhancing the role of primary care and increasing public awareness may improve early cancer detection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cancer screening
• screening behavior
• cancer screening tests

Meme, Serviks ve Kolorektal Kanser Hastalarında Kanser Tarama Testleri ve İlgili Faktörler

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, meme, serviks ve kolorektal kanser tanısı konmuş hastaların tarama davranışlarını belirlemek ve tarama testlerine katılımlarıyla ilişkili faktörleri tanımlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı bu çalışma, Haziran ve Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında İstanbul'daki bir hastanede, meme, rahim ağzı veya kolorektal kanser tanısı konmuş 470 kişi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri ve kanser tarama testleri hakkındaki bilgileri, yüz yüze görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından ilgili literatüre dayalı olarak geliştirilen bir sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve bir tıbbi geçmiş formu kullanılmıştır . Bulgular: Katılımcıların çoğunluğu kadındı ve yaş, medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi gibi faktörlerde farklılıklar gözlendi. Kanser taramasına katılma oranları meme kanseri hastalarında %55, kolorektal kanser hastalarında %33 ve rahim ağzı kanseri hastalarında %57 olarak bulundu. Kanser türleri arasında tarama oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kanser korkusu ve ailede kanser öyküsü gibi duygusal faktörlerin kanser tarama testlerine katılımı olumlu yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Meme ve rahim ağzı kanseri tarama oranlarının kolorektal kansere göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, aile hekimlerini düzenli olarak ziyaret eden bireylerin tarama testlerine katılımının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Kanser korkusu, aile öyküsü ve sağlık profesyonellerinin önerileri, tarama davranışını etkileyen önemli faktörler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, tarama davranışlarının kanser türüne göre farklılık gösterdiğini ve sağlık hizmetlerine ve bilgi kaynaklarına erişimin önemli bir etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Aile hekimlerinin aktif rolünün güçlendirilmesi, farkındalık ve eğitim girişimlerinin genişletilmesi, kanserin erken teşhis oranlarının artmasına katkıda bulunabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kanser Tarama
• Tarama Davranışları
• Kanser Tarama Testleri

Kaynakça

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