Hastalar miyokard infarktüsü geçirdiğini bilmedikleri için mi hayatta kalma şansını kaybediyorlar? fenomenolojik bir çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, miyokard infarktüsü geçiren hasta ve yakınlarının deneyimlerini incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu niteliksel ve fenomenolojik çalışma miyokard infarktüsü tanısı ile hastanede yatan 20 hasta ve 15 hasta yakınıyla yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve sosyodemografik özellikleri içeren form kullanılmıştır. Veriler, derinlemesine bireysel görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Colaizzi tarafından geliştirilen fenomonolojik veri analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların deneyimlerine ilişkin ifadeleri araştırmacılar tarafından analiz edilmiş, kategori ve temalar oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular: Veri analizi sonucunda üç kategori ve yedi tema belirlenmiştir. Kategoriler; semptom deneyimleri, ölüme ilişkin düşünceler ve sağlık kurumuna ulaşımdır. Katılımcıların ifadelerinden; hastaların terleme, göğüs ağrısı, gastrointestinal sistem belirtileri, nefes darlığı, cilt renginde sararma ve morarma olmak üzere çeşitli semptomları deneyimledikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, miyokard infarktüsü belirtileri hakkında genel bir bilgi eksikliklerinin olduğu, semptomlar ile miyokard infarktüsünü ilişkilendiremedikleri, hatta başka şeylere atfettikleri ve semptomlarla baş etmek için etkin olmayan çeşitli yöntemlere başvurdukları tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların çoğunun sağlık kuruluşuna başvuruda kendi özel araçları ile ulaştığı ve bazı hastaların araçlarını kendilerinin kullandığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Katılımcılar, miyokard infarktüsü belirtileri ve örneğin ambulans kullanımı gibi sağlık kurumuna uygun ulaşım hakkında bilgi eksikliğine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Bunun sonucunda ise etkin tedavi olma ve hayatta kalma şanslarını etkileyen hastane öncesi gecikme süresi uzamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Miyokard infarktüsü
• hemşirelik
• hastane öncesi gecikme
• niteliksel araştırma

Are Patients Losing Their Chance of Survival Because They Are Unaware of Having a Myocardial Infarction? A Phenomenological Study

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of patients with myocardial infarction and their relatives. Methods: This qualitative and phenomenological study was conducted with 20 patients hospitalized due to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and 15 relatives. A semi-structured interview form and data collection form including socio-demographic characteristics were used. The data of the study were collected using the in-depth individual interview method and were assessed using the phenomenological approach developed by Colaizzi. The researchers analyzed statements of the participants regarding their experiences and prepared categories and themes. Results: Three categories and seven themes emerged as a result of the data analysis. These categories included symptom experiences, views about death, transportation to health care facility. The statements of participants revealed that patients experienced various symptoms including sweating, chest pain, gastrointestinal system symptoms, shortness of breath, yellow and purple skin tone. It was also determined that they generally had a lack of knowledge about myocardial infarction symptoms, could not associate symptoms with myocardial infarction, attributed myocardial infarction to other matters, used various ineffective methods to cope with symptoms. The majority of the patients arrived at the health care facility by self-transport and some patients even drove themselves to the health care facility. Conclusion: Participants had a lack of knowledge about the symptoms of myocardial infarction and appropriate transport to the health care facility, for example, utilizing an ambulance. This, in turn, prolongs the period of prehospital delay that has an effect on the chance of survival and receiving an effective treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• myocardial infarction
• nursing
• prehospital delay
• qualitative research

Kaynakça

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