9. Sınıfa Devam Eden Ergenlerin Arkadaşlık İlişkileri ve Pandemi Yaşamları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 1 - 15, 30.12.2023

Saniye Selin Döğer , Fatma Elif Kılınç

Öz

Bu çalışmanın birincil amacı, ergenliğin en kritik unsuru olan arkadaşlık ilişkilerini 9. sınıfa devam eden ergenlerde incelemek ve Covid-19 pandemisinin bu ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubu, amaçlı örneklem doğrultusunda araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 9. sınıfa devam eden 13 kız ve 8 erkek, 21 ergen olarak belirlenmiştir. Amaç doğrultusunda demografik bilgiler, arkadaşlık ilişkileri ve pandemi yaşantılarına ilişkin soruların yer aldığı görüşme formu ile çevrimiçi görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ergenlerin pandemi sürecinde farklı platformlar üzerinden eğitimlerine devam ettikleri, pandemi sürecinde zamanlarının çoğunu telefonlarıyla geçirdikleri, kullanırken dersleri ve sosyal medyayı takip etmek için kullandıkları görüldü. Ergenlerin arkadaşlık ilişkilerinde pandeminin bir sonucu olan çevrimiçi hayatın, arkadaşlardan uzaklaşma, görüşememe, arkadaş edinememe ve arkadaş sayısında azalma gibi etkileri olduğu gözlemlendi. Bu doğrultuda ergenlerin arkadaşlık ilişkilerinin korunması, çevrimiçi hayatın olası tehlikelerinden korunmaları ve eğitimde standardizasyonun sağlanması veya derginin yazarlara yönelik yönergelerinde belirtildiği şekilde özetinizin buraya yapıştırılması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ergenlik, Covid-19 pandemi yaşamı, arkadaşlık ilişkileri

Friendship Relations and Pandemic Lives of Adolescents Attending 9. Grade

Öz

The primary purpose of this study is to examine friendship relationships, which are the most critical element of adolescence, in adolescents attending 9th grade and to reveal the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on these relationships. In this direction, phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The research group was determined as 13 girls and 8 boys, 21 adolescents in 9th grade, and accepted to participate in the study, in line with the purposeful sample. In line with the purpose, online interviews were done with an interview form that included questions about demographic information, friendship relations, and pandemic lives. As a result of the research, it was seen that adolescents continued their education through different platforms during the pandemic process, spent most of their time with their phones during the pandemic process, and used it to follow lessons and social media while using it. It has been observed that online life, an outcome of the pandemic in the friendship relationships of adolescents, has effects such as getting away with friends, not meeting, not being able to make friends and a decrease in the number of friends. In this direction, it can be suggested to protect adolescents' friendship relationships, protect them from the possible dangers of online life, and ensure standardization of education or paste your abstract here as prescribed by the journal's instructions for authors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolescence, Covid-19 pandemic life, friendship relations

Kaynakça

• 1. Bukowski WM, Motzoi C, Meyer, F. Friendship as process, function, and outcome. Handbook of Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Groups, 2009, eds Bukowski W. M., Laursen B., Rubin K. H. (New York: Guilford Press), 217–231.
• 2. Steinberg L. Adolescence; 2003, New York: McGraw-Hill.
• 3. Nielsen, L. (1996). Adolescence: A contemporary view. 1996, USA: Wadsworth
• 4. Cobb NJ. Adolescence: Continuity, change, and diversity, 2007 New York: McGraw-Hill.
• 5. Kagan J, Gall SB. The Gale Encyclopaedia of Childhood & Adolescence: Child development.1998, J. Kagan and S. B. Gall. Stanford: Children's Corporation.
• 6. Kimmel DC. Weiner IB. Adolescence: A developmental transition. 1985, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
• 7. Topses G. Ergenlik Döneminde (11-18 Yaş) Gelişim. A. Ataman (Ed.). Gelişim ve Öğrenme, Ankara: Gündüz Eğitim ve Yayıncılık, 2009, 159- 187
• 8. Koç M. Gelişim psikolojisi açısından ergenlik dönemi ve genel özellikleri. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2004, 17, 231-256.
• 9. Dinçel E. Ergenlik dönemi gelişimsel ödevleri ve psikolojik problemler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, 2006,
• 10. Türk Dil Kurumu 2021, Available from https://sozluk.gov.tr/
• 11. Hall RCW. Chapman MJ. The 1995 Kikwit ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. General Hospital Psychiatry, 2008, 30(5), 446-452.
• 12. National Health Commission. (2020). Update on the epidemic situation of the new coronavirus pneumonia as of 24:00 on March 24. 2020. Available from http://en.nhc.gov.cn
• 13. Wang L. Liang L. Liu Z. Yuan K. Ju J. Bian Y. The developmental process of peer support networks: the role of friendship. Frontiers Psychology, 2021, 12, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.615148
• 14. Hombrados-Mendieta MI. Gomez-Jacinto L. Dominguez-Fuentes JM. Garcia-Leiva P. Castro-Travé M. Types of social support provided by parents, teachers, and classmates during adolescence. Journal of Community Psychology, 2012, 40 645–664. 10.1002/jcop.20523
• 15. Wentzel KR. Russell S. Baker S. (2016). Emotional support and expectations from parents, teachers, and peers predict adolescent competence at school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2016, 108, 242–255. doi:10.1037/edu0000049
• 16. Larson RW. Richards MH. Moneta G. Holmbeck G. Duckett E. Changes in adolescents’ daily interactions with their families from ages 10 to 18: disengagement and transformation. Development Psychology. 1996, 32 744–754. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.4.744
• 17. Tarrant M. Adolescent peer groups and social identity. Social Development, 2002, 11, 110–123, doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00189
• 18. Bokhorst CL. Sumter SR. Westenberg PM. Social support from parents, friends, classmates, and teachers in children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years: who is perceived as most supportive? Social Development, 2010, 19, 417–426. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2009.00540.x
• 19. Blakemore SJ. Mills KL. Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annual Review of Psychology, 2014, 65, 187-207.
• 20. La Greca AM. Prinstein MJ. Peer group Developmental Issues in the Clinical Treatment of Children. Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, 1999, MA, USA, 171-198
• 21. Papini DR. Farmer FF. Clark SM. Micka JC. Barnett JK. Early adolescent age and gender differences in patterns of emotional self-disclosure to parents and friends. Adolescence, 1990, 25 (100), 959-976.
• 22. Tahıllıoğlu A. Çek D. Cengiz G. Pilan Şentürk B. Dalkılıç M. Apak F. Bildik T. (2020). Ergenlik dönemi özellikler covid-19 salgının ergenler üzerindeki etkileri süreçle baş edebilmek için öneriler. 2020, Available from; https://egehastane.ege.edu.tr adresinden elde edildi.
• 23. Creswell JW. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches, 2013, New York: Sage.
• 24. Bütün M. Demir SB. Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 2020, Siyasal Kitapevi, Ankara
• 25. UNESCO Covid-19 Education Response. How many students are at risk of not returning to school? 2020, Available from; https://www.adeanet.org/en/knowledge-and-resources/unesco-covid-19-education-response-how-many-students-are-risk-not-returning
• 26. Tedmem, Covid-19 sürecinde eğitim: uzaktan öğrenme, sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. 2020, Available from; https://tedmem.org/download/covid-19-surecinde-egitim-uzaktanogrenme-sorunlar-cozumonerileri?Wpdmdl=3411&refresh=5f572800ee3741599547392
• 27. Can E. Coronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye’de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2020, 6(2), 11-53.
• 28. Yersel BÖ. Akbaş A. Durualp E. Pandemi sürecinde özel gereksinimli çocukların genel yaşam aktiviteleri. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2021, 8(1), 126-145.
• 29. Ellis WE. Dumas TM. Forbes LM. Physically isolated but socially connected: psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the initial covid-19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 2020, 52(3), 177-187, doi:10.1037/cbs00002157
• 30. Pancani L. Marinucci M. Aureli N. Riva P. Forced social isolation and mental health: a study on 1006 Italians under covid-19 quarantine. Psyarxiv Preprints, 2020, doi:10.31234/osf.io/uacfj
• 31. Garfin DR. Silver CR. Holman AE. The novel coronavirus (covid-19) outbreak: amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychology, 2020, 39, 355-357, doi:10.1037/hea0000875
• 32. Kafes A. Depresyon ve anksiyete bozuklukları üzerine bir bakış. Humanistic Perspective, 2021, 3(1), 186-194, doi:10.47793/hp.867111
• 33. Lubans DR. Richards JA. Hilman C. Faulkner G. Beauchamp M. Nilsson M. Kelly P. Smith J. Raine L. Biddle S. Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms. Pediatrics, 2016, 138(3), doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1642
• 34. Kredlow MA. Capozzoli MC. Hearon BA. Calkins A. Otto MW. The effects of physical activity on sleep: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2015, 38(3), 427-449, doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6.
• 35. Tamura H. Nishida T. Tsuji A. Sakakibara H. Association between excessive use of mobile phone and insomnia and depression among japanese adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017, 14(7), 701, doi:10.3990/ijerph14070701
• 36. Taş HY. Demirdöğmez M. Küçüköğlü M. Geleceğimiz olan Z kuşağının çalışma hayatına muhtemel etkisi. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2017, 7(7), 1031-1048, doi:10.26466/opus.370345
• 37. Erden-Ayhün S. Kuşaklar arasındaki farklılıklar ve örgütsel yansımaları. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2013, 2 (1), 93-112
• 38. Lenhart A. (2015). Teens, technology, and friendships. 2015, Available from; http://www. pewinternet.org/2015/08/06/teens-technology-and-friendships/ 39. Lenhart A. Social media and friendship. 2015, Available from; https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/08/06/chapter-4-social-media-and-friendships/#:~:text=Two%2Dthirds%20(62%25)%20of,with%20friends%20on%20social%20media
• 40. O’Keeffe GS. Clarke-Pearson K. Clinical report - the impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2011, 127 (4), 800-804.
• 41. Karataş S. Crocetti E. Schwartz SJ. Rubini M. Psychological and social adjustment in refugee adolescents: the role of parents’ and adolescents’ friendships. Child & Adolescent Development, 2021, 123-139, doi:10.1002/cad.20395
• 42. Andrews JL. Foulkes L. Blakemore SJ. Peer influence in adolescence: public health implications for covid-19. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2020, 24(8), 585-587.
• 43. Türkel Z. (2018). Ergenlerde sosyal medya kullanımı, yalnızlık ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkiler. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. 2018.
• 44. Collins WA. Laursen B. Parent-adolescent relationships and influences. Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, 2004, 331-361, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
• 45. Manczak EM. Ordaz SJ. Singh MK. Goyer MS. Gotlib IH. Time spent with parents predicts change in depressive symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2019, 47, 1401-1408, doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00526-5
• 46. Volling BL. Sibling Relationships. MH. Bornstein, L Davidson, CLM Keyes, KA More (Ed.), 2003, Well-being: Positive development across the life course. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
• 47. Loades ME. Chatburn E. Higson-Sweeney N. Reynolds S. Shafran R. Brigden A. Linney C. McManus MN. Borwick C. Crawley E. Rapid systematic review: the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of covıd-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009
• 48. Amichai-Hamburger Y. Kiingsbury M. Schneider BH. Friendship: an old concept with a new meaning? Computers in Human Behaviour, 2013, 29(1), 33-39, doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.025
• 49. Rogers AA. Ha T. Ockey S. (2020). Adolescents’ perceived socio-emotional ımpact of covıd-19 and ımplications for mental health: results from a u.s.-based mixed-methods study. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.039
• 50. Magson NR. Freeman JYA. Rapee M. Richardson CE. Oar EL. Fardouly J. Risk and protective factors for prospective changes in adolescent mental health during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2021, 50, 44-57, doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01332-9.