EVACUATION PLANNING AND EVACUATION TIME ESTIMATE ANALYSES METHODS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 80 - 92, 31.12.2019

Sertan Yeşil

Öz

Evacuation with the use of iodine pills is the most
preferred protective action before the release of radioactive material for
those living in emergency planning zones during general emergency situations
that may occur in all nuclear power plants with thermal power higher than 100
MW. In this way, deterministic health effects on people living in the region
can be prevented and radiation doses above the international generic criteria
for the implementation of protective actions and other response activities can
be prevented. In this context, during the
preparation of emergency plans for nuclear power plant emergencies, evacuation
plans and analysis to determine the evacuation time estimate gain importance.

In this study, the issues that need to be emphasized
during the evacuation planning studies are explained and the information about
the contents of the presentations of these studies in the emergency plans are
given on the basis of scientific articles and regulatory and technical
documents of USA. While explaining
the issues related to the calculation of the evacuation time estimate, the
topics such as the generation of demand estimates, determination of roadway
capacity and analysis methods to be used were emphasized. Within the scope of the studies related to evacuation
planning and determination of evacuation time estimate, it was concluded that
the evacuation delay factors specific to the country or region where the
nuclear power plants are located should be taken into consideration in addition
to the issues stated in the relevant regulatory and technical documents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nuclear power plant, emergency, protective action, evacuation planning, evacuation time estimate, demand estimation, roadway capacity

Kaynakça

• 1) Conlow, L. (2008). Evaluation of the Emergency Evacuation Plan for the Oyster Creek Nuclear Power Plant. Middle States Geographer 41(1), 36-44.
• 2) IAEA. (2013). Actions to Protect the Public in an Emergency due to Severe Conditions at a Light Water Reactor, EPR-NPP Public Protective Actions. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.
• 3) Lee, J., Jeong, J. J., Shin, W., Song, E., Cho, C. (2016). The Estimated Evacuation Time for the Emergency Planning Zone of the Kori Nuclear Site, with a Focus on the Precautionary Action Zone. Journal of Radiation Protection and Research 41(3), 196-205.
• 4) Tanigawa K., Hosoi Y., Hirohashi N., Iwasaki Y., Kamiya K. (2012). Loss of Life After Evacuation: Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Accident. The Lancet, 379( 9819), 889-891.
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• 6) U.S. NRC. (1980). Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants (NUREG-0654 FEMA-REP-1 Rev.1). Washington D.C.: United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
• 7) U.S. NRC. (1987). Pilot Program: NRC Severe Reactor Incident Response Training Manual (NUREG-1210). Washington D.C.: United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
• 8) U.S. NRC. (2005). Identification and Analysis of Factors Affecting Emergency Evacuations (NUREG/CR-6864). Washington D.C.: United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
• 9) U.S. NRC. (2011). Criteria for Development of Evacuation Time Estimate Studies (NUREG/CR-7002). Washington D.C.: United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.