Araştırma Makalesi
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INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES

Yıl 2022, , 114 - 122, 20.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.993775

Öz

Purpose: Sport is an important tool in improving the quality of life of individuals with disabilities. The study aim to examine the life quality of individuals with physical disabilities with different functionality levels in relation to sports.
Methods: A total of 36 individuals with physical disabilities participated in the study. The participants included individuals without any regular exercise (non-sportive, NS), those who played Boccia (B), and persons who played Wheelchair basketball (WCB) who could not provide independent ambulation. The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Functional Independency Measurement (FIM), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS) were used for evaluating motor impairment of the trunk, functionality levels, mobility, and quality of life (QoL), respectively.
Results: Group B had lower RMI scores compared to group NS (p<0.05). FIM-motor and FIM-total scores were the lowest in group B (p<0.05), whereas FIM-cognitive scores were similar across all groups (p>0.05). However, TIS-total scores were the lowest in the B group (p<0.05) and TIScoordination scores were higher in the WCB group (p<0.05). There was no difference between the groups in TIS static and dynamic evaluations (p>0.05). There was no difference between the groups in terms of the WHOQOL subscales and the disability module subdimensions (p>0.05). QoL-total score was similar for group B and NS (p>0.05), but higher in the WCB group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: It is thought that the low functional B players' having similar quality of life with the other participants is due to the psychological and social effects of B rather than its physical effects.

Teşekkür

We would like to thank Azime Nur Okal, Ayşenur Korkmaz, Şerife Şeyda Aydemir, Özge Aksak and Yusuf Kılınç from Nuh Naci Yazgan University students for their support.

Kaynakça

  • Organization World Health. World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva: WHO. 2001.
  • Byrne A, Byrne DG. The effect of exercise on depression, anxiety and other mood states: a review. J Psychosomat Res. 1993;37(6):565-574.
  • Santamaria T, Mallia L, Vitali F, Girelli L, Alivernini F, Lucidi F. Imagine your body even without seeing it: the effect of physical activity upon the physical self-concept in people with and without blindness. Sport Sci Health. 2020:1-10.
  • Wise EK, Hoffman JM, Powell JM, Bombardier CH, Bell KR. Benefits of exercise maintenance after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(8):1319-1323.
  • Nemček D. Life satisfaction of people with disabilities: a comparison between active and sedentary individuals. J Phys Educ Sport. 2016;16(2):1084-1088.
  • Kaya Y& Duru D. Masa tenisi çok top antrenmanının 9-12 yaş grubu çocuklarda görsel reaksiyon performansındaki etkisinin incelenmesi. Marmara Üniv spor bilim derg. 2016;1(2):47-54.
  • World Health Organization. Body mass index - BMI. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi.
  • Collen FM, Wade DT, Robb GF, Bradshaw CM. The Rivermead mobility index: a further development of the Rivermead motor assessment. Int Disabil Stud. 1991;13(2):50-54.
  • Akın B, Emiroğlu ON. Rivermead mobilite indeksi (RMİ) Türkçe formunun yaşlılarda geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Turk Geriatri Dergisi. 2007;10(3):124-130.
  • Franchignoni F, Tesio L, Benevoloand E, Ottonello M. Psychometric properties of the Rivermead Mobility Index in Italian stroke rehabilitation inpatients. Clin Rehabil. 2003;17(3):273-282.
  • Segal ME, Ditunno JF, Staas WE. Interinstitutional agreement of individual functional independence measure (FIM) items measured at two sites on one sample of SCI patients. Spinal Cord. 1993;31(10):622-631.
  • Küçükdeveci AA, Yavuzer G, Elhan AH, Sonel B, Tennant A. Adaptation of the Functional Independence Measure for use in Turkey. Clin Rehabil. 2001;15(3):311-319.
  • Verheyden G, Nieuwboer A, Feys H, Thijs V, Vaes K, De Weerdt W. Discriminant ability of the Trunk Impairment Scale: a comparison between stroke patients and healthy individuals. Disabil Rehabil 2005;27(17):1023-1028.
  • Verheyden G, Willems A-M, Ooms L, Nieuwboer A. Validity of the trunk impairment scale as a measure of trunk performance in people with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(10):1304-1308.
  • Sæther R, Jørgensen L. Intra-and inter-observer reliability of the Trunk Impairment Scale for children with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil.2011;32(2):727-739.
  • Sag S, Buyukavci R, Sahin F, Sag MS, Dogu B, Kuran B. Assessing the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Trunk Impairment Scale in stroke patients. North Clin Istanb. 2019;6(2):156.
  • Verheyden G, Nuyens G, Nieuwboer A, Van Asch P, Ketelaer P, De Weerdt W. Reliability and validity of trunk assessment for people with multiple sclerosis. Phys Ther. 2006;86(1):66-76.
  • Eser E, Aydemir Ö, Cengiz Özyurt B, Akar A, Deveci, Serol; Eser S, Ayik C. Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS-TR). Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2018;29(1).
  • Sahlin KB, Lexell J. Impact of organized sports on activity, participation, and quality of life in people with neurologic disabilities. Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;7(10):1081-1088.
  • Hutzter Y, Bar‐Eli M. Psychological benefits of sports for disabled people: A review. Scand J Med Sci Sports . 1993;3(4):217-228.
  • Durstine JL, Painter P, Franklin BA, Morgan D, Pitetti KH, Roberts SO. Physical activity for the chronically ill and disabled. Sports Med . 2000;30(3):207-219.
  • Shephard RJ. Benefits of sport and physical activity for the disabled: implications for the individual and for society. Scand J Med Sci Sports .1991;23(2):51-59.
  • Heesen C, Böhm J, Reich C, Kasper J, Goebel M, Gold SM. Patient perception of bodily functions in multiple sclerosis: gait and visual function are the most valuable. Mult. Scler J. 2008;14(7):988-991.
  • Tsai Y-S, Yu Y-C, Huang P-C, Cheng H-YK. Seat surface inclination may affect postural stability during Boccia ball throwing in children with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(12):3568-3573.
  • Porto I dos P, Cardoso FL, Sacomori C. Sports practice, resilience, body and sexual esteem, and higher educational level are associated with better sexual adjustment in men with acquired paraplegia. J Rehabil Med.2016;48(9):787-792.
  • Saltan A, Ergun N. Kadın Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbolcularında Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık, Yaşam Kalitesi Ve Tekerlekli Sandalye Becerilerinin Araştırılması. Fiz Rehabil. 2017;28(2):60-67.
  • Mostamand J, Baharlouei H. Physical Activity in People with Intellectual Disability: A Narrative Review. J Rehabil Sci. 2019;14(5):311-317.
  • Fadaei-Dehcheshmeh M, Shamsi-Majelan A. Comparison of physical fitness in persons with intellectual disability with and without experience of Special Olympics Iran. J Rehabil Sci.2018;14(3):175-182.
  • Jeng S-C, Chang C-W, Liu W-Y, Hou Y-J, Lin Y-H. Exercise training on skill-related physical fitness in adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Health J. 2017;10(2):198-206.
  • Lifshitz H, Merrick J, Morad M. Health status and ADL functioning of older persons with intellectual disability: Community residence versus residential care centers. Res Dev Disabil. 2008;29(4):301-315.
  • International Paralympic Committee. Explanatory guide to Paralympic classification. What is classification. 2015.
  • Reina R, Domínguez-Díez M, Urban T, Roldan A. Throwing distance constraints regarding kinematics and accuracy in high-level boccia players. Sci Sports 2018;33(5):299-306.
  • Zacharakis E. The effect of upper limb characteristics on palm strength, anaerobic power, and technical skills of wheelchair basketball players of varying classification. J. Phys Educ Sport 2020;20(2):584-591.
  • Yalçın AI. Farklı Klasifikasyon Puanlarına Sahip Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Oyuncularında Üst Ekstremite Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametreleri ile Spora Özgü Beceriler Arasındaki Ilişkinin Incelenmesi. 2015. http://openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11655/1670#.YGNuY62uRQk.mendeley. Accessed March 30, 2021.
  • Ovenden I, Dening T, Beer C. “Here everyone is the same” – A qualitative evaluation of participating in a Boccia (indoor bowling) group: Innovative practice. Dementia. 2019;18(2):785-792. doi:10.1177/1471301216675988
  • Safania A, Mokhtari R, Khalkhal I. Participation in sports activities in leisure time and quality of life of activde and inactive disbled war veterans disabled people. Int Res J basic appl. sci 2012;3(4):859-867.
  • Mitic P, Jorgic B, Popovic I, Hadzovic M. The relationship between playing sports and self-efficacy in people with disabilities. Facta Universitatis Series: Physical Education and Sport. 2020;18(2): 409-416.

FİZİKSEL ENGELLİ BİREYLERDE SPORUN YAŞAM KALİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2022, , 114 - 122, 20.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.993775

Öz

Amaç: Spor, engelli bireylerin yaşam kalitesini artırmada önemli bir araçtır. Çalışmanın amacı değişik fonksiyonellik düzeyindeki fiziksel engelli bireylerin yaşam kalitelerinin sporla ilişkili olarak incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 36 fiziksel engelli birey katıldı. Katılımcılar düzenli olarak spor yapmayan (SY), Boccia (B) ve Tekerlekli sandalye basketbolu (TSB) oynayan bağımsız ambulasyonu sağlayamayan bireylerden oluştu. Bireyler Rivermead Mobilite İndeksi (RMI), Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık Ölçeği (FBÖ), Gövde Etkilenim Ölçeği (GEÖ), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Zihinsel ve Fiziksel Engelliler İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (WHOQOL-DIS) kullanılarak sırasıyla gövde motor bozuklukları, fonksiyonellik düzeyleri, mobiliteleri ve yaşam kaliteleri değerlendirildi.
Sonuçlar: B grubunun RMI puanlarının SY’e göre daha düşük olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). B grubu FBÖ Motor ve FBÖ-Toplam puanları diğerlerinden düşük bulundu (p<0,05). FBÖ-Kognitif değerleri gruplar arasında benzerdi (p>0,05). GEÖ-Toplam puanlarının B grubunda en düşük (p>0,05), GEÖ- Koordinasyon puanlarının TSB grubunda en yüksek olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Grupların GEÖ statik ve dinamik değerlendirmeleri arasında fark görülmedi (p<0,05). Gruplar arasında yaşam kalitesi alt ölçekleri ve engelli modülü alt boyutları arasında fark görülmedi (p>0,05). B grubundaki bireylerin yaşam kalitesi toplam puanlarının SY grubuyla benzer (p>0,05), TSB grubuna göre düşük olduğu görüldü (p<0,05).
Tartışma: Düşük fonksiyonellik düzeyindeki B oyuncularının diğer katılımcılarla benzer yaşam kalitelerine sahip olmalarının B’nin fiziksel etkilerinden ziyade psikolojik ve soysal etkilerinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Organization World Health. World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva: WHO. 2001.
  • Byrne A, Byrne DG. The effect of exercise on depression, anxiety and other mood states: a review. J Psychosomat Res. 1993;37(6):565-574.
  • Santamaria T, Mallia L, Vitali F, Girelli L, Alivernini F, Lucidi F. Imagine your body even without seeing it: the effect of physical activity upon the physical self-concept in people with and without blindness. Sport Sci Health. 2020:1-10.
  • Wise EK, Hoffman JM, Powell JM, Bombardier CH, Bell KR. Benefits of exercise maintenance after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(8):1319-1323.
  • Nemček D. Life satisfaction of people with disabilities: a comparison between active and sedentary individuals. J Phys Educ Sport. 2016;16(2):1084-1088.
  • Kaya Y& Duru D. Masa tenisi çok top antrenmanının 9-12 yaş grubu çocuklarda görsel reaksiyon performansındaki etkisinin incelenmesi. Marmara Üniv spor bilim derg. 2016;1(2):47-54.
  • World Health Organization. Body mass index - BMI. https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi.
  • Collen FM, Wade DT, Robb GF, Bradshaw CM. The Rivermead mobility index: a further development of the Rivermead motor assessment. Int Disabil Stud. 1991;13(2):50-54.
  • Akın B, Emiroğlu ON. Rivermead mobilite indeksi (RMİ) Türkçe formunun yaşlılarda geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Turk Geriatri Dergisi. 2007;10(3):124-130.
  • Franchignoni F, Tesio L, Benevoloand E, Ottonello M. Psychometric properties of the Rivermead Mobility Index in Italian stroke rehabilitation inpatients. Clin Rehabil. 2003;17(3):273-282.
  • Segal ME, Ditunno JF, Staas WE. Interinstitutional agreement of individual functional independence measure (FIM) items measured at two sites on one sample of SCI patients. Spinal Cord. 1993;31(10):622-631.
  • Küçükdeveci AA, Yavuzer G, Elhan AH, Sonel B, Tennant A. Adaptation of the Functional Independence Measure for use in Turkey. Clin Rehabil. 2001;15(3):311-319.
  • Verheyden G, Nieuwboer A, Feys H, Thijs V, Vaes K, De Weerdt W. Discriminant ability of the Trunk Impairment Scale: a comparison between stroke patients and healthy individuals. Disabil Rehabil 2005;27(17):1023-1028.
  • Verheyden G, Willems A-M, Ooms L, Nieuwboer A. Validity of the trunk impairment scale as a measure of trunk performance in people with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(10):1304-1308.
  • Sæther R, Jørgensen L. Intra-and inter-observer reliability of the Trunk Impairment Scale for children with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil.2011;32(2):727-739.
  • Sag S, Buyukavci R, Sahin F, Sag MS, Dogu B, Kuran B. Assessing the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Trunk Impairment Scale in stroke patients. North Clin Istanb. 2019;6(2):156.
  • Verheyden G, Nuyens G, Nieuwboer A, Van Asch P, Ketelaer P, De Weerdt W. Reliability and validity of trunk assessment for people with multiple sclerosis. Phys Ther. 2006;86(1):66-76.
  • Eser E, Aydemir Ö, Cengiz Özyurt B, Akar A, Deveci, Serol; Eser S, Ayik C. Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS-TR). Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2018;29(1).
  • Sahlin KB, Lexell J. Impact of organized sports on activity, participation, and quality of life in people with neurologic disabilities. Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;7(10):1081-1088.
  • Hutzter Y, Bar‐Eli M. Psychological benefits of sports for disabled people: A review. Scand J Med Sci Sports . 1993;3(4):217-228.
  • Durstine JL, Painter P, Franklin BA, Morgan D, Pitetti KH, Roberts SO. Physical activity for the chronically ill and disabled. Sports Med . 2000;30(3):207-219.
  • Shephard RJ. Benefits of sport and physical activity for the disabled: implications for the individual and for society. Scand J Med Sci Sports .1991;23(2):51-59.
  • Heesen C, Böhm J, Reich C, Kasper J, Goebel M, Gold SM. Patient perception of bodily functions in multiple sclerosis: gait and visual function are the most valuable. Mult. Scler J. 2008;14(7):988-991.
  • Tsai Y-S, Yu Y-C, Huang P-C, Cheng H-YK. Seat surface inclination may affect postural stability during Boccia ball throwing in children with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(12):3568-3573.
  • Porto I dos P, Cardoso FL, Sacomori C. Sports practice, resilience, body and sexual esteem, and higher educational level are associated with better sexual adjustment in men with acquired paraplegia. J Rehabil Med.2016;48(9):787-792.
  • Saltan A, Ergun N. Kadın Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbolcularında Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlık, Yaşam Kalitesi Ve Tekerlekli Sandalye Becerilerinin Araştırılması. Fiz Rehabil. 2017;28(2):60-67.
  • Mostamand J, Baharlouei H. Physical Activity in People with Intellectual Disability: A Narrative Review. J Rehabil Sci. 2019;14(5):311-317.
  • Fadaei-Dehcheshmeh M, Shamsi-Majelan A. Comparison of physical fitness in persons with intellectual disability with and without experience of Special Olympics Iran. J Rehabil Sci.2018;14(3):175-182.
  • Jeng S-C, Chang C-W, Liu W-Y, Hou Y-J, Lin Y-H. Exercise training on skill-related physical fitness in adolescents with intellectual disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Health J. 2017;10(2):198-206.
  • Lifshitz H, Merrick J, Morad M. Health status and ADL functioning of older persons with intellectual disability: Community residence versus residential care centers. Res Dev Disabil. 2008;29(4):301-315.
  • International Paralympic Committee. Explanatory guide to Paralympic classification. What is classification. 2015.
  • Reina R, Domínguez-Díez M, Urban T, Roldan A. Throwing distance constraints regarding kinematics and accuracy in high-level boccia players. Sci Sports 2018;33(5):299-306.
  • Zacharakis E. The effect of upper limb characteristics on palm strength, anaerobic power, and technical skills of wheelchair basketball players of varying classification. J. Phys Educ Sport 2020;20(2):584-591.
  • Yalçın AI. Farklı Klasifikasyon Puanlarına Sahip Tekerlekli Sandalye Basketbol Oyuncularında Üst Ekstremite Fiziksel Uygunluk Parametreleri ile Spora Özgü Beceriler Arasındaki Ilişkinin Incelenmesi. 2015. http://openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11655/1670#.YGNuY62uRQk.mendeley. Accessed March 30, 2021.
  • Ovenden I, Dening T, Beer C. “Here everyone is the same” – A qualitative evaluation of participating in a Boccia (indoor bowling) group: Innovative practice. Dementia. 2019;18(2):785-792. doi:10.1177/1471301216675988
  • Safania A, Mokhtari R, Khalkhal I. Participation in sports activities in leisure time and quality of life of activde and inactive disbled war veterans disabled people. Int Res J basic appl. sci 2012;3(4):859-867.
  • Mitic P, Jorgic B, Popovic I, Hadzovic M. The relationship between playing sports and self-efficacy in people with disabilities. Facta Universitatis Series: Physical Education and Sport. 2020;18(2): 409-416.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Meltem Yazıcı-gülay 0000-0003-1616-8070

Ayşenur Karakuş 0000-0002-6322-3127

Haydar Koç 0000-0002-8568-4717

Cihangir Açık 0000-0003-4032-3982

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Yazıcı-gülay, M., Karakuş, A., Koç, H., Açık, C. (2022). INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 33(2), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.993775
AMA Yazıcı-gülay M, Karakuş A, Koç H, Açık C. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. Ağustos 2022;33(2):114-122. doi:10.21653/tjpr.993775
Chicago Yazıcı-gülay, Meltem, Ayşenur Karakuş, Haydar Koç, ve Cihangir Açık. “INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES”. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 33, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2022): 114-22. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.993775.
EndNote Yazıcı-gülay M, Karakuş A, Koç H, Açık C (01 Ağustos 2022) INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 33 2 114–122.
IEEE M. Yazıcı-gülay, A. Karakuş, H. Koç, ve C. Açık, “INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES”, Turk J Physiother Rehabil, c. 33, sy. 2, ss. 114–122, 2022, doi: 10.21653/tjpr.993775.
ISNAD Yazıcı-gülay, Meltem vd. “INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES”. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 33/2 (Ağustos 2022), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.993775.
JAMA Yazıcı-gülay M, Karakuş A, Koç H, Açık C. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2022;33:114–122.
MLA Yazıcı-gülay, Meltem vd. “INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES”. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, c. 33, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 114-22, doi:10.21653/tjpr.993775.
Vancouver Yazıcı-gülay M, Karakuş A, Koç H, Açık C. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SPORTS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2022;33(2):114-22.