Dimetil Eterin Buji Ateşlemeli Motorlarda HC Emisyonlarına Etkileri

Öz

Alkoller ve eterler gibi oksijen içerikli yakıtlar yanmayı iyileştirmek ve emisyonları azaltmak için içten yanmalı motorlarda alternatif yakıt veya yakıt katkısı olarak kullanılabilirler. Bu alkol ve eter yakıtlar genellikle kömür, doğalgaz, biyokütle ve atık ürünler gibi bir kısmı yenilenebilir ve yerel olan çeşitli kaynaklardan üretilebilirler. Oksijen içerikli yakıtların çoğu daha temiz bir yanma sağlamalrının yanı sıra konvansiyonel petrol kökenli yakıtlara benzer tutuşma ve yanma karakteristiklrerine sahiptirler. Etanol ve metil tersiyer bütil eter (MTBE) benzinin oktan sayısını ve oksijen içeriğini artırmak için düşük karışım oranlarında kullanılan başlıca katkılardandır. Alkol ve eter yakıtların benzine katılması bu yakıtların yüksek oksijen içeriği sayesinde yanmanın iyileştirilmesini sağlar ve bu sayede yanma verimi artarken emisyonlarda azalmaktadır. Ancak, bu alkol ve eter yakıtların enerji içeriği benzine göre düşük olduğundan bu yakıtlar katkı olarak kulanıldığında motorun yakıt tüketimi artmaktadır. Dimetil eter (DME) buji ateşlemeli motorlarda yakıt veya benzin katkı maddesi olarak uzun bir geçmişe sahip değildir. Ancak buji ateşlemeli motorlarda DME’yi benzinle birlikte kullanmak yanmayı iyileştirmek ve motorun termik verimini artırmak için olası çözümlerden biri olarak değerlendirlmektedir. Ayrıca, DME’nin buji ateşlemeli motorlarda benzinle birlikte kullanıldığında motorun ekonomik ve emisyon performansını artırabileceği düşünülmektedir. Öte yandan, ulaşımdan kaynaklanan karbon monoksit (CO) ve hidrokarbon (HC) emisyonlarının ana kaynağı buji ateşlemeli benzinli motorlu araçlardır. Buji ateşlemeli motorlarda DME kullanımının yüksek oksijen içeriği nedeniyle standart benzinli motorlara kıyasla daha düşük CO ve HC emisyonları üretebileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle, DME’nin buji ateşlemeli motorlarda kullanımına yönelik yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarının bir arada değerlendirilmesi yeni çalışmalar ve pratik uygulamalar açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, DME’nin buji ateşlemeli motorlarda yakıt veya yakıt katkısı olarak kullanılması üzerine yapılan çalışmalardan derlenmiştir. Bu derleme çalışması buji ateşlemeli motorlarda DME kullanımının özellikle HC emisyonu üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Buji ateşlemeli motorlar
• Yakıt katkısı
• Dimetil eter
• HC emisyonu

Teşekkür

Çalışmayı destekleyen herhangi kurum ya da kuruluş bulunmamaktadır. Ayrıca, makale herhangi bir tez veya projeden üretilmemiştir.

Effects of Dimethyl Ether on HC Emissions in Spark Ignition Engines

Öz

The oxygenated fuels such as alcohols and ethers can be used in internal combustion engine (ICE) as fuel and fuel additive for improving the combustion and reducing the exhaust emissions. These alcohol and ether fuels can usually be produced from a variety of sources, some of which are renewable and local, such as coal, natural gas, biomass and waste products. Most of the oxygenated fuels have similar ignition and combustion characteristics to conventional petroleum based fuels besides they give cleaner combustion. Ethanol and methyl tert–butyl ether (MTBE) are mainly used as additives at low blending ratio to enhance the octane number and oxygen content of gasoline. The addition of alcohol and ether fuels to gasoline lead to a more complete combustion due to the higher oxygen content, thereby leads to increased combustion efficiency and decreased engine out emissions. On the other hand, the energy content of alcohol and ether fuels is lower than gasoline; thereby fuel consumption of the engine will increase when using these alcohol and ether as a fuel additive. Dimethyl ether (DME) does not have a long history as a fuel or an additive to gasoline in spark ignition (SI) engines, but using of DME with gasoline in SI engines is considered as one of the possible solutions to improve combustion and increase the thermal efficiency of the engine. Moreover, it is considered that DME can enhance the economical and emissions performances of engine when it is used with gasoline in SI engines. On the other hand, the main sources of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from transport are gasoline engine vehicles. It is stated that using of DME in SI engines can generate the lower CO and HC emissions compared to the standard gasoline engines due to the high oxygen content of DME. Therefore, it is important to evaluate together the results of the studies on the use of DME in SI engines for the future studies and practical applications. This study was compiled the results of the papers which completed on using of DME as a fuel or fuel additive in SI engines. The review study aims to investigate the effects of using DME in SI engines especially on hydrocarbon (HC) emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spark ignition engines
• Fuel additive
• Dimethyl ether
• HC emission

Kaynakça

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