Entomoloji ve Gen Teknolojisi Arasındaki İlişki: Zararlı Mücadelesinde Bt-transgenikler ve Gen Sürücüsüleri

Öz

Zararlılar ile savaş, ürün verimliliğini artırmak ve böylece gıda güvenliğini sağlamak için en önemli tarımsal faaliyettir. Son dönemdeki zararlı yönetimi programları, sağlığımız ve çevremiz için bir tehdit oluşturan kimyasal pestisitlere çok fazla bağımlıdır. Bitki Korumanın yararları için en büyük entomolojik başarılardan biri, zararlılara dirençli transgenik bitkiler üretmek için Bacillus thuringiensis'in kullanılmasıdır. Ancak bu tür organizmalar genetik kirlilik açısından insan sağlığına ve biyoçeşitliliğe karşı sakıncalar içermektedir. Birçok ülkede genetiği değiştirilmiş organizmaların kullanımı yasaktır. Büyüyen gen teknolojisinin gerçek bilimsel başarılarla bütünleşmesine ilişkin bu çalışma, zararlı sorununa sürdürülebilir bir çözüm belirlemeye yardımcı olabilir. Bu çerçevede, gen sürücüsünün Bt transgenikleri üzerindeki etkinliğini, güvenliğini ve sürdürülebilirliğini bilimsel sağlamlığına dayandırarak, karşılaştırmalı olarak eleştirmek için birçok literatüre atıfta bulunulmuştur. Gen sürücü teknolojisi, gen mühendisliğinden ve transgeniklerinin sahada izlenmesinden oluşan yeni bir tekniktir. Buradaki durum, Bt-tansgenikleririn uygunsuzluğudur. Pratik olarak gen sürücü, artan güvenlik ve çevre koruma için zararlı mücadelesinde Bacillus thuringiensis'e bir alternatif olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacillus thuringiensis
• CRISPR
• Bitki koruma

Interaction Between Entomology and Gene Technology: Bt-transgenic and Gene Drives for Pests Control

Öz

Pest control is the major agricultural activity for increasing crop productivity thus insuring food security. Recent pest management programs are depending too much on chemical pesticides, which are a threat to our health and environment. One of the greatest entomological achievements for the benefits of plant protection is the use of Bacillus thuringiensis to produce transgenic plants resisting pests. However, such organisms comprise inconveniences against human health and biodiversity in terms of genetic pollution. In many countries, the use of Genetically Modified Organisms is prohibited. This study review on integration of growing gene technology with actual scientific achievements can help to determine a sustainable solution to the pest’s problem. In this way, many literatures were referred on to comparatively criticize the effectiveness, safety and sustainability of gene drive over Bt transgenic based on scientific soundness. Gene drive technology is a new technic consisting of gene engineering and on-field monitoring of its transgenes. The case in point is the inappropriateness of Bt-transgenes. Practically, gene drive can be an alternative to Bacillus thuringiensis in pest control for increased safety and environmental protection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant protection
• Bacillus thuringiensis
• CRISPR

Kaynakça

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