Water Resources and Irrigation in Rwanda

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 42 - 49, 30.06.2022

Emmanuel Hakıruwızera , Emre Topçu , Yusuf Uçar

https://doi.org/10.55979/tjse.1054181

Öz

The main objective of the study is to assess the agricultural water resources for irrigation potential in Rwanda. Rwandan agriculture national reports, irrigation expert documents, and various published articles were used in the preparation of this study. Rwanda is a small, land-locked, and fertile country in East Africa. Rwanda has a total area of 26,338-km2 and a population size of 12.7 million. Agriculture accounts for 24% of the total GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 2020 and accounted for 64% of the working population. The country has 1.4 million ha of agricultural land, of which 43% (0.6 million ha) is irrigable land. Approximately 10% (63,742 ha) of the irrigable areas in the country are irrigated. Rwandan's average annual precipitation is 1200 mm, and the total amount of usable water is 6.8 billion m3/year. The percentage of the irrigated plots by surface irrigation, sprinkler, and drip irrigation systems with an average of 49.7%, 6.7%, and 2.5%, respectively in 2017 to 2021. In 2021, the agricultural production of cereals, legumes and pulses, tubers and roots, and vegetables-fruits were 491,130 tons, 288,018 tons, 1,826,018, and 184,944 tons, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agriculture, irrigation plots, Rwanda, water usage

Ruanda'da Su Kaynakları ve Sulama

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Ruanda'nın tarımsal su kaynaklarını ve sulama potansiyelini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmanın hazırlanmasında Ruanda ulusal tarım raporları, sulama konusunda uzmanlaşmış kişilerin raporları ve konuyla ilgili yayınlanmış çeşitli makaleler kullanılmıştır. Ruanda, Doğu Afrika'da, yüzölçümü nispeten küçük, denize kıyısı olmayan tarımsal potansiyeli büyük bir ülkedir. Ruanda toplam 26.338 km2 yüzölçümüne ve 12.7 milyon nüfusa sahiptir. Ülkede tarım, 2020 yılı rakamlarına göre GSYİH'nın (Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla) %24'ünü oluşturmakta ve çalışan nüfusun %64'ü tarım sektöründe istihdam edilmektedir. Ruanda’nın sahip olduğu 1.4 milyon hektar tarım arazisinin yaklaşık %43’ü (0.6 milyon ha) sulanabilir niteliktedir. Mevcut durumda sulanabilir alanların yaklaşık %10'u (63.742 hektar) sulamaya açılmıştır. Ruanda'nın yıllık ortalama yağış miktarı 1200 mm, toplam kullanılabilir su miktarı ise 6.8 milyar m3/yıl'dır. 2017- 2021 ortalamasına göre, yüzey sulama, yağmurlama ve damla sulama yöntemleri ile sulanan alanların oranı sırasıyla % 49.7,% 6.7 ve% 2.5’dir. Sulanan alanlarda 2021 yılında hububat, baklagil ve bakliyat, yumrular, sebze ve meyvelerin tarımsal üretimi sırasıyla 491.130 ton, 288.018 ton, 1.826.018 ton ve 184.944 ton olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarım, sulama alanları, Ruanda, su kullanımı

Kaynakça

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