Dicle Nehri Su Yönetiminde Yeni Bir Aktör ve Siyasi Kriz Potansiyeli

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 31 - 48, 13.09.2022

Emin Salihi , Itri Atay

Öz

İklim değişikliği dünya çapında su kaynaklarını etkileyen küresel bir olgu haline gelmiştir. Kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde yer alan birçok ülkenin yağış seviyelerindeki dramatik değişimler nedeniyle küresel çapta su kıtlığı görünür haline gelmiştir. En nihayetinde, uluslararası siyasette su kaynakları yönetimine ilişkin sorunlar, potansiyel büyük siyasi krizler bağlamında tartışılır olmuştur. Dicle Nehri de bu sınıraşan su kaynaklarından biridir. Dolayısıyla, Dicle nehrinin su yönetimi ve su kaynaklarının paylaşımı yakın döneme kadar Irak ve Türkiye’nin ikili ilişkileri çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Ancak Dicle nehrinin sınıraşan su kaynakları paylaşımı sorunu 2003 yılında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Koalisyon Güçlerinin Irak işgalinden sonra yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Irak, 2003 sonrası federal bir devlete dönüşmüş ve Irak’ın kuzeyinde Irak Kürdistan Bölgesel Yönetimi (IKBY) adı verilen yeni bir bölgesel hükümet kurulmuştur. Bu çalışma, Dicle Nehri üzerindeki hidropolitik ilişkilerin bu aşamadan sonra daha kaotik bir boyuta ulaştığı iddiasını taşımaktadır. Çalışmada konunun kaotik ve potansiyel kriz boyutu ele alınmıştır. Irak su kaynakları, su kaynaklarının yönetimine dair anayasal yetkiler, tarafların konuya yaklaşımı ve söylemleri çalışmada incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, tarafların konuya dair tek taraflı politikalar izlediği ve su sorunu artıkça taraflar arasında konunun daha büyük bir siyasi krize dönüşeceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Irak, IKBY, Dicle Nehri, Su yönetimi, Baraj

A New Actor in Tigris River Water Management and Potential for Political Crisis

Öz

Climate Change has become a global phenomenon affecting water resources around the world. Global water scarcity has become apparent due to dramatic changes in precipitation levels in many countries in arid and semi-arid regions. Finally, issues of water resource management in international politics have been discussed in the context of potential major political crises and the Tigris River is one of these sources. The water management of the Tigris River and the sharing of the resource have been discussed within the framework of the relations between Iraq and Turkey until recently. However, this issue gained a new dimension after the invasion of Iraq by the United States (US) and Coalition Forces in 2003. Iraq turned into a federal state after 2003 and a new regional government called the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government (IKRG) was established in northern Iraq. The study claims that the hydropolitical relations on the Tigris River reached a more chaotic dimension after this stage. In the study, the chaotic and potential crisis dimension of the subject is discussed. Iraqi water resources, constitutional authorities on the management of water resources, the approaches and discourses of the parties are examined in the study. In the study, it was concluded that the parties followed unilateral policies on the issue and as the water problem increased, the issue would turn into a bigger political crisis between the parties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iraq, IKRG, Tigris river, Water Management, Dam

Kaynakça

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