Doğrudan Ekim ve Su Basılmayan Kışlık Çeltikte Daha İyi Yabancı Ot Kontrolü için Yaprak Sonrası Herbisitlerin Tank Karışım Oranlarının Etkinliği ve Pirinç Fitotoksisitesi

Öz

Farklı kimyasal gruplardan herbisitlerin tank karışımı, tek veya ardışık uygulamalara kıyasla çeşitli yabancı ot popülasyonlarının kontrolünü geliştirir. Her ne kadar az sayıda tescilli (ticari hazır karışım) herbisit mevcut olsa da, sayıları hala sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle çalışma, toprak işlemesiz ve su basılmayan çeltik ekim (NT NPT) koşullarında yabancı ot kontrolü için çeşitli yaprak sonrası herbisit tank karışım oranlarının etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Deneme, beş farklı yaprak sonrası herbisitten (penoksulam, pirazosülfüron etil, 2,4-D amin, bispiribak sodyum, etoksilsülfüron) ve bir tescilli herbisit olan triafamon (%20) artı etoksilsülfüron (%10)'dan hazırlanan 20 tank karışım oranından oluşmuştur. Deneme, 3 tekerrürlü tam şansa bağlı blok desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Farklı yaprak sonrası herbisitlerin tank karışım oranları, yabancı ot enfestasyonunu etkili bir şekilde azaltarak ve dolayısıyla bitkilerle rekabeti en aza indirgeyerek, kışlık çeltiğin büyümesini, verim özelliklerini ve genel verimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. En düşük yabancı ot kuru ağırlığına (sırasıyla 60 ve 75 GÜE'de 0.30 g m⁻²), yaprak sonrası herbisitler penoksulam ve etoksilsülfüronun 2:3 oranında uygulandığı parsellerde ulaşılmıştır. Aynı uygulama, en uzun bitki boyunu (101 cm), ocak başına en yüksek toplam kardeş sayısını (16,33), ocak başına etkili kardeş sayısını (14.0), başak başına tane sayısını (139) ve tane verimini (6,70 t ha⁻¹) sağlamıştır. En düşük tane verimi (5,03 t ha⁻¹) ise penoksulam ve 2,4-D aminin 2:3 oranında tank karışımı yapıldığı parselden elde edilmiştir. Bulgular, toprak işlemesiz ve su basılmayan koşullarda yetiştirilen kışlık çeltikte, penoksulam ve etoksilsülfüron herbisitlerinin 2:3 tank karışım oranında uygulanmasının, üstün yabancı ot kontrolü sağladığını ve tane verimini maksimize ettiğini göstermektedir. Ancak, bu sonuçlar bir sezona ve bir lokasyona dayandığından, farklı çevre ve sezonlarda doğrulanması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tank karışım herbisitleri
• tescilli herbisitler
• sıfır toprak işleme
• yaprak sonrası
• fitotoksisite

Efficacy and Rice Phytotoxicity of Tank-mix Ratios of Post-emergence Herbicides for better Weed Control in No-till Non-puddled Transplanted Winter Rice

Öz

Tank mixing of herbicides from different chemical groups offers enhanced control of diverse weed populations relative to single or sequential applications. Although few proprietary herbicides (commercially ready-mix) are available, their number remains limited. The study was therefore aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various tank-mix ratios of post-emergence herbicides to control rice weeds under no till, non-puddled transplant (NT NPT) condition. The treatment comprised 20 tank-mix ratios prepared from five different post-emergence herbicides (penoxsulam, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, 2, 4-D amine, bispyribac sodium, ethoxysulfuron) and one proprietary herbicide triafamone (20%) plus ethoxysulfuron (10%). The trial followed a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Tank-mix ratios of different post-emergence herbicides significantly influence the growth, yield attributes, and overall yield of winter rice by effectively reducing weed infestation and, consequently, minimizing competition with the crop plants. The lowest weed dry weight (0.30 g m-2 at both 60 and 75 DAT, respectively) was observed in the plot where the post-emergence herbicides penoxsulam and ethoxysulfuron were applied at 2:3 ratio. The same treatment also gave the tallest plant (101 cm), highest number of total tillers hill-1 (16.33), effective tillers hill-1 (14.0), number of grains panicle-1 (139), and grain yield (6.70 t ha-1). The lowest grain yield (5.03 t ha⁻¹) was obtained from the plot where penoxsulam and 2,4-D amine were tank-mixed at a 2:3 ratio. The findings suggest that applying post-emergence herbicides penoxsulam and ethoxysulfuron at 2:3 tank-mix ratio provides superior weed control and maximizes grain yield in winter rice in no till non-puddled condition. However, as these findings are based on one season and one location, further validation under diverse environments and seasons is necessary.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tank-mix herbicides
• proprietary herbicides
• zero tillage
• post-emergence
• phytotoxicity

Destekleyen Kurum

Bangladesh Agricultural University

Etik Beyan

N/A

Teşekkür

Bangladesh Agricultural University Research System (BAURES)

Kaynakça

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