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Teknoloji ve Bilgi Çağında Müzeler: Genel Bakış

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 263 - 274, 29.06.2020

Öz

Bilgisayar ve internetin hayatımızın pek çok
alanında yer aldığı günümüzde, insan doğasının en yaratıcı taraflarını
nesillere aktaran kültürel bellek kurumlarının bu araçları kullanmaması
olanaksız görülmelidir. Kültürel bellek kurumlarından olan müzeler de zaman
içerisinde değişmekte ve yeni teknolojilerden faydalanarak koleksiyonlarını
kullanıcı odaklı ve daha erişilebilir hâle getirmektedir. Böylelikle müzeler, bilgi
teknolojilerini ve sosyal medyanın getirdiği imkânları iş süreçlerine uyarlamış;
katılımcı sergiler ve organizasyonlar düzenleyerek, sohbet ve tartışmalarla daha
geniş, küresel kitleden potansiyel ziyaretçi edinmeyi ve müzenin etrafında ilgi
alanlarına sahip topluluklar oluşturarak sürdürülebilir olmayı hedeflemiştir (Tuğbay,
2012, s. 6). Bu çalışmada, müzelerin bu yeni teknolojilerin sunmuş olduğu fırsatları
uygulamalarına nasıl adapte ettikleri literatür üzerinden dünya ölçeğinde
incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, Türkiye’de Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığına bağlı 107 müze
müdürlüğüne anket uygulanarak müzelerin dijitalleştirme, sosyal medya kullanımı
ve dijital ortam temsiliyetleri gibi konulardaki uygulamalarına bakılmıştır
. Bulgulara
göre, ankete cevap veren 63 müzeden 56’sında dijitalleştirme yapılmamaktadır.
Bu kurumlardan yalnızca 23’ünün kendisine ait bir web sitesi bulunmaktadır.
Ankete cevap veren kurumların yarısı ise sosyal medyada görünür değildir. Çalışmanın
sonucunda, veriler bağlamında Bakanlığa bağlı müzelerin bilgi teknolojileri ve
interneti etkili kullanmada çekimser kaldıkları söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • American Council on Learned Societies (ACLS). (2006). Our cultural commonwealth: The final report of the American Council of learned societies commission on cyberinfrastructure for the humanities and social sciences. ACLS: New York. Erişim adresi: www.acls.org/ cyberinfrastructure/OurCulturalCommonwealth.pdf
  • Badell, J. I. (2015). Museums and social media: Catalonia as a case study. Museum Management and Curatorship, 30(3), 244-263.
  • Chiang, H. H., Tsaih, R. H. ve Han, T. S. (2016). Measurement development of service quality for museum websites displaying artifacts. R.H. Tsaih, T.S. Han (Ed.), Managing Innovation and Cultural Management in the Digital Era: The case of the national Palace Museum içinde. Routledge Frontiers of Business Management.
  • Debenham, P., Thomas, G. ve Trout, J. (2011, Ekim). Evolutionary augmented reality at the natural history museum. 2011 10th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (s. 249-250) içinde. IEEE. doi:10.1109/ISMAR.2011.6092400.
  • Europeana Collections. (2019, 10 Aralık). Erişim adresi: https://www.europeana. eu/portal/en.
  • Falk, J. H., ve Dierking, L. D. (2008). Enhancing visitor interaction and learning with mobile technologies. Digital technologies and the museum experience: Handheld guides and other media (s. 19-33) içinde. Oregon State University.
  • Fantoni, S. F., Stein, R., ve Bowman, G. (2012). Exploring the relationship between visitor motivation and engagement in online museum audiences. Museums and the Web içinde. Erişim adresi: http://www.museumsandtheweb.com/mw2012/papers/exploring_the_relationship_between_visitor_mot
  • Fenu, C. ve Pittarello, F. (2018). Svevo tour: The design and the experimentation of an augmented reality application for engaging visitors of a literary museum. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 114, 20-35.
  • Griffiths, J. M. ve King, D. W. (2008). Interconnections: The IMLS national study on the use of libraries, museums and the Internet. Institute of Museum and Library Services. Erişim adresi: http://resource.aaslh.org/view/imls-national-study-on-the-use-of-libraries-museums-and-the-internet/
  • Hume, M. ve Mills, M. (2011). Building the sustainable iMuseum: Is the virtual museum leaving our museums virtually empty? Int. J. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Market. 16(3) 275–289.
  • Jessop, M. (2004). Computing or humanities?. Ubiquity, 1-1. Erişim adresi: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.129.1423&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Keil, J., Pujol, L., Roussou, M., Engelke, T., Schmitt, M., Bockholt, U., ve Eleftheratou, S. (2013, Ağustos). A digital look at physical museum exhibits: Designing personalized stories with handheld Augmented Reality in museums. 2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage) (s. 685-688) içinde. IEEE.
  • Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü. (2020, 16 Ocak). Müze istatistikleri. Erişim adresi: https://kvmgm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-43336/muze-istatistikleri.html
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Ocak). Müzeler. Erişim adresi: https://www.ktb.gov.tr/TR-96600/muzeler.html
  • Langa, L. (2014). Does Twitter Help Museums Engage with Visitors?. iConference 2014 Proceedings (s. 484-495) içinde. Erişim adresi: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8722/91d5de4944d9114b5fd5624f45e275623758.pdf
  • Loomis, R. J., Elias, S. M. ve Wells, M. (2003). Website availability and visitor motivation: An evaluation study for the Colorado Digitization Project. (Yayımlanmamış Rapor). Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University. Erişim adresi: http://www.cdpheritage.org/resource/reports/loomis report.pdf.
  • Marty, P. F. (2007). Museum websites and museum visitors: Before and after the museum visit. Museum Management and Curatorship, 22(4), 337-360.
  • Marty, P. F. (2008). Museum websites and museum visitors: Digital museum resources and their use. Museum Management and Curatorship, 23(1), 81-99. doi: 10.1080/09647770701865410
  • Minerva EC. (2017). Erişim adresi: http://www.minervaeurope.org/ home.htm
  • Museum Analytics. (2019). Erişim adresi: http://www.museum-analytics.org/museums/
  • Navarette, T. (2014). A History of digitization: Dutch museums. (Doktora tezi). University of Amsterdam, Hollanda. Erişim adresi: http://catalogus.boekman.nl/pub/P14-0752.pdf
  • Peers, L. ve Brown, A. (Ed.). (2003). Museums and source communities. London: Routledge.
  • Pérez-Sanagustín, M., Parra, D., Verdugo, R., García-Galleguillos, G., ve Nussbaum, M. (2016). Using QR codes to increase user engagement in museum-like spaces. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 73-85.
  • Sokolowicz, B. (2009). Guerrilla marketing: Museos 2.0. The 9th International Conference dedicated to Museum Professionals Communicating the Museum içinde, Málaga, Spain.
  • Srinivasan, R., Boast, R., Furner, J., ve Becvar, K. M. (2009). Digital museums and diverse cultural knowledges: Moving past the traditional catalog. The Information Society, 25(4), 265-278.
  • Stogner, M. B. (2009). The media - enhanced museum experience: Debating the use of media technology. Curator the Museum Journal, 52(4), 385-397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.2009.tb00360.x
  • Stuedahl, D. ve Smørdal, O. (2015). Matters of becoming, experimental zones for making museums public with social media, CoDesign, 11(3-4), 193-207. doi: 10.1080/15710882.2015.1081245
  • Styliani, S., Fotis, L., Kostas, K., ve Petros, P. (2009). Virtual museums, a survey and some issues for consideration. Journal of cultural Heritage, 10(4), 520-528.
  • Tasich, T., ve Villaespesa, E. (2013). Meeting the real user: Evaluating the usability of Tate’s website. MW 2013: Museums and the Web 2013 The Annual Conference of Museums and the Web 17-20 Nisan 2013 Portland, OR, USA. Erişim adresi: https://mw2013.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/meeting-the-real-user-evaluating-the-usability-of-tates-website/
  • The European Group on Museum Statistics. (2019, Aralık 20). About EGMUS. Erişim adresi: https://www.egmus.eu/en/about_egmus/
  • TRT Haber. (2018, 21 Mayıs). Müzelerdeki tarih yolculuğunda teknoloji devrimi. Erişim adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/kultur-sanat/muzelerdeki-tarih-yolculugunda-teknoloji-devrimi-366388.html
  • Tuğbay, Ş. (2012). Museums and visitors on the Web. A comparative study of visitor engagement on social media in Dutch and Turkish museums (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), Erasmus Üniversitesi, Rotterdam.
  • Vlahakis, V., Ioannidis, M., Karigiannis, J., Tsotros, M., Gounaris, M., Stricker, D., ... ve Almeida, L. (2002). Archeoguide: an augmented reality guide for archaeological sites. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 22(5), 52-60.
  • Walczak, K., Cellary, W., & White, M. (2006). Virtual museum exbibitions. Computer, 39(3), 93-95.
  • Wilson, R. J. (2011). Behind the scenes of the museum website. Museum Management and Curatorship, 26(4), 373-389.

Museums in the Age of Technology and Information: Overview

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 263 - 274, 29.06.2020

Öz

In today’s world, where
computers and the internet are involved in many areas of our lives, cultural
memory institutions that transfer the most creative aspects of human nature
to  generations should not be seen as
impossible to use these tools. Museums from cultural memory institutions also
change over time and make their collections user-oriented and more accessible
by taking advantage of new technologies. Thus, museums adapted the
opportunities brought by information technologies and social media to business
processes; by organizing participatory exhibitions and organizations, they
aimed to attract potential visitors from a wider global audience through
conversations and discussions and to maintain existing interest by creating
communities with interests around the museum (Tuğbay, 2012, p. 6). In this
study, how museums adapt the opportunities offered by these new technologies to
their applications has been examined through the literature on a world scale. In
addition, digitization in the museums, usage of social media, and digital
platforms has been investigated applying the survey on the 107 museums affiliated
the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Turkey. According to the findings, 56 of
63 museums responding to the survey are not digitized their collection. Only 23
museums from these institutions have their own website. Half of the
institutions that responded to the survey are not visible on social media. As a
result of study, it can be said that the museums affiliated to the Ministry are
reluctant to use information technologies and the internet efficiently.

Kaynakça

  • American Council on Learned Societies (ACLS). (2006). Our cultural commonwealth: The final report of the American Council of learned societies commission on cyberinfrastructure for the humanities and social sciences. ACLS: New York. Erişim adresi: www.acls.org/ cyberinfrastructure/OurCulturalCommonwealth.pdf
  • Badell, J. I. (2015). Museums and social media: Catalonia as a case study. Museum Management and Curatorship, 30(3), 244-263.
  • Chiang, H. H., Tsaih, R. H. ve Han, T. S. (2016). Measurement development of service quality for museum websites displaying artifacts. R.H. Tsaih, T.S. Han (Ed.), Managing Innovation and Cultural Management in the Digital Era: The case of the national Palace Museum içinde. Routledge Frontiers of Business Management.
  • Debenham, P., Thomas, G. ve Trout, J. (2011, Ekim). Evolutionary augmented reality at the natural history museum. 2011 10th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (s. 249-250) içinde. IEEE. doi:10.1109/ISMAR.2011.6092400.
  • Europeana Collections. (2019, 10 Aralık). Erişim adresi: https://www.europeana. eu/portal/en.
  • Falk, J. H., ve Dierking, L. D. (2008). Enhancing visitor interaction and learning with mobile technologies. Digital technologies and the museum experience: Handheld guides and other media (s. 19-33) içinde. Oregon State University.
  • Fantoni, S. F., Stein, R., ve Bowman, G. (2012). Exploring the relationship between visitor motivation and engagement in online museum audiences. Museums and the Web içinde. Erişim adresi: http://www.museumsandtheweb.com/mw2012/papers/exploring_the_relationship_between_visitor_mot
  • Fenu, C. ve Pittarello, F. (2018). Svevo tour: The design and the experimentation of an augmented reality application for engaging visitors of a literary museum. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 114, 20-35.
  • Griffiths, J. M. ve King, D. W. (2008). Interconnections: The IMLS national study on the use of libraries, museums and the Internet. Institute of Museum and Library Services. Erişim adresi: http://resource.aaslh.org/view/imls-national-study-on-the-use-of-libraries-museums-and-the-internet/
  • Hume, M. ve Mills, M. (2011). Building the sustainable iMuseum: Is the virtual museum leaving our museums virtually empty? Int. J. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Market. 16(3) 275–289.
  • Jessop, M. (2004). Computing or humanities?. Ubiquity, 1-1. Erişim adresi: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.129.1423&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Keil, J., Pujol, L., Roussou, M., Engelke, T., Schmitt, M., Bockholt, U., ve Eleftheratou, S. (2013, Ağustos). A digital look at physical museum exhibits: Designing personalized stories with handheld Augmented Reality in museums. 2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage) (s. 685-688) içinde. IEEE.
  • Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü. (2020, 16 Ocak). Müze istatistikleri. Erişim adresi: https://kvmgm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-43336/muze-istatistikleri.html
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. (2020, 16 Ocak). Müzeler. Erişim adresi: https://www.ktb.gov.tr/TR-96600/muzeler.html
  • Langa, L. (2014). Does Twitter Help Museums Engage with Visitors?. iConference 2014 Proceedings (s. 484-495) içinde. Erişim adresi: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8722/91d5de4944d9114b5fd5624f45e275623758.pdf
  • Loomis, R. J., Elias, S. M. ve Wells, M. (2003). Website availability and visitor motivation: An evaluation study for the Colorado Digitization Project. (Yayımlanmamış Rapor). Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University. Erişim adresi: http://www.cdpheritage.org/resource/reports/loomis report.pdf.
  • Marty, P. F. (2007). Museum websites and museum visitors: Before and after the museum visit. Museum Management and Curatorship, 22(4), 337-360.
  • Marty, P. F. (2008). Museum websites and museum visitors: Digital museum resources and their use. Museum Management and Curatorship, 23(1), 81-99. doi: 10.1080/09647770701865410
  • Minerva EC. (2017). Erişim adresi: http://www.minervaeurope.org/ home.htm
  • Museum Analytics. (2019). Erişim adresi: http://www.museum-analytics.org/museums/
  • Navarette, T. (2014). A History of digitization: Dutch museums. (Doktora tezi). University of Amsterdam, Hollanda. Erişim adresi: http://catalogus.boekman.nl/pub/P14-0752.pdf
  • Peers, L. ve Brown, A. (Ed.). (2003). Museums and source communities. London: Routledge.
  • Pérez-Sanagustín, M., Parra, D., Verdugo, R., García-Galleguillos, G., ve Nussbaum, M. (2016). Using QR codes to increase user engagement in museum-like spaces. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 73-85.
  • Sokolowicz, B. (2009). Guerrilla marketing: Museos 2.0. The 9th International Conference dedicated to Museum Professionals Communicating the Museum içinde, Málaga, Spain.
  • Srinivasan, R., Boast, R., Furner, J., ve Becvar, K. M. (2009). Digital museums and diverse cultural knowledges: Moving past the traditional catalog. The Information Society, 25(4), 265-278.
  • Stogner, M. B. (2009). The media - enhanced museum experience: Debating the use of media technology. Curator the Museum Journal, 52(4), 385-397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.2009.tb00360.x
  • Stuedahl, D. ve Smørdal, O. (2015). Matters of becoming, experimental zones for making museums public with social media, CoDesign, 11(3-4), 193-207. doi: 10.1080/15710882.2015.1081245
  • Styliani, S., Fotis, L., Kostas, K., ve Petros, P. (2009). Virtual museums, a survey and some issues for consideration. Journal of cultural Heritage, 10(4), 520-528.
  • Tasich, T., ve Villaespesa, E. (2013). Meeting the real user: Evaluating the usability of Tate’s website. MW 2013: Museums and the Web 2013 The Annual Conference of Museums and the Web 17-20 Nisan 2013 Portland, OR, USA. Erişim adresi: https://mw2013.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/meeting-the-real-user-evaluating-the-usability-of-tates-website/
  • The European Group on Museum Statistics. (2019, Aralık 20). About EGMUS. Erişim adresi: https://www.egmus.eu/en/about_egmus/
  • TRT Haber. (2018, 21 Mayıs). Müzelerdeki tarih yolculuğunda teknoloji devrimi. Erişim adresi: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/kultur-sanat/muzelerdeki-tarih-yolculugunda-teknoloji-devrimi-366388.html
  • Tuğbay, Ş. (2012). Museums and visitors on the Web. A comparative study of visitor engagement on social media in Dutch and Turkish museums (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), Erasmus Üniversitesi, Rotterdam.
  • Vlahakis, V., Ioannidis, M., Karigiannis, J., Tsotros, M., Gounaris, M., Stricker, D., ... ve Almeida, L. (2002). Archeoguide: an augmented reality guide for archaeological sites. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 22(5), 52-60.
  • Walczak, K., Cellary, W., & White, M. (2006). Virtual museum exbibitions. Computer, 39(3), 93-95.
  • Wilson, R. J. (2011). Behind the scenes of the museum website. Museum Management and Curatorship, 26(4), 373-389.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kütüphane ve Bilgi Çalışmaları
Bölüm Görüşler
Yazarlar

Sümeyye Akça 0000-0002-6170-965X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ocak 2020
Kabul Tarihi 17 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akça, S. (2020). Teknoloji ve Bilgi Çağında Müzeler: Genel Bakış. Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 34(2), 263-274.

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