Öz
Egypt, considered a part of the Middle East and at the same time a North-African country, has hosted many civilizations throughout history. According to the results of the archaeological excavations carried out in the country until today, the known datum point of its history begins with the Egypt kingdoms which were established around 5000 b.c. Menes dynasty and Persian rule succeeded them. The Egypt, which came under the rule of Roman and Byzantine Empires later, was annexed to Islam territories with the conquest of Amr b. As in 641. Tolunids and Ikhshidids, which had served as state governors under Abbasids and then established the first independent Turkish states, have a distinctive place in the history of Egypt. Especially; the mosque in Katayi hill which was formed by Ahmed b. Tolun, has the characteristics of the first Islamic Turk buildings in Samerra and enabled Samerran architectural style to be widespread in North Africa. After reign of Fatimid Empire which ruled all the North Africa soon after its establishment in Mehdiye in Tunisia, got into the effort to generalize Shia and prospered Egypt with various monuments like Ezher mosque/madrasa, 30 madrasas; which were built in the reign of Ayyubids established under the leadership of Selahaddin-i Eyyübi who gained a reputation with his struggle against the crusades; not only enabled proselytism of Sunni Islamic belief but also continued the architectural style of Great Seljuk Empire via Zengi state. In the reign of Mamelukes which came to the power after Ayyubids, an original style was developed in the social complex buildings in which mosques and madrasas were emphasized by correlating Anatolian Turk, Great Seljuk and Zengi architectural design with high dome architecture which was widely used in Turkistan, Bukhara and Samarkand. The handover of caliphate to Ottoman Empire with the conquest of Egypt in 1517 enabled Ottoman
Empire to increase its influence on Muslims and increase its political effect. On the other way, the conquest of Egypt suppressed the hegemony of Western countries on trade routes and constituted an important effect to rule Mediterranean Sea. In various settlement of Egypt which had been ruled by governors appointed from Istanbul more than 400 years, especially in Cairo, Ottomans built various buildings in different architectural styles. It is possible to identify various works from literature to architecture when detailed analysis are carried out. It is seen that the structures of the sect occupied a very important place among the architectural works revealed in the time period briefly presented above. It is known that the first example of dervish lodges and lodges, one of the religious institutions that started to emerge as a result of scientific, intellectual and political structuring in the Islamic world, which expanded with intense conquest movements, were built in the 8th century in the city of Remle in Palestine or in the Abadan region of Basra. While the first lodges consisted of a simple room and a small space, dervish lodge structures that gained different architectural features and included very different units emerged over time. This article will attempt to evaluate the development of the religious sect in Egypt, with examples from different periods.