AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950

Sayı: 44 30 Kasım 2020
  • Erkan Karakoç
  • Hasan Küçük
PDF İndir
TR EN

AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950

Öz

This article studies the life of an American Consul General, Gabriel Bie Ravndal 1865- 1950 , who significantly contributed to Turkish-American commercial relations. Remaining relatively low until the late nineteenth century, bilateral trade started to multiply and for the Ottoman Empire/ Republican Turkey reached a remarkable level in the following period. During this period of expansion in bilateral trade, Ravndal was sent to Beirut and later Istanbul as the American diplomatic representative. Spending most of his career in the Ottoman/Turk- ish territories, Ravndal particularly focused on developing the Turkish-American trade. He pioneered the American Chamber of Commerce for the Levant and the American Club in Istanbul. He led the publication of Levant Trade Review, which presented financial, economic and commercial information about the region. Furthermore, he prepared to-the-point commercial reports, sought to remove obstacles to trade expansion, and increased awareness of the business communities in both the Ottoman Empire/Turkey and US. Hence, the study of Ravndal’s life presents detailed information about the bilateral trade as well as the activities of the American business community in Istanbul. In addition, the study will provide some details about the influences of the radical changes on the American commercial strategy and the contribution of the American Foreign Service to the development of American trade.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. AKIN Veysi, “Amerika’da Türk Lobisi: Türk Teavün Cemiyeti”, Atatürk Araş- tırma Merkezi Dergisi, Volume XX, 2004, 453-521.
  2. ALBAYRAKOĞLU Esra Pakin, “Amerikan Siyasetini Yönlendirmede Türk- Amerikan Derneklerinin Rolü”, Türk Dünyası Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları Zirvesi Bildiri Kitapçığı, Ankara 2014, 367-371.
  3. BLUME Kenneth J., Historical Dictionary of U.S. Diplomacy from the Civil War to World War I, Rowman & Littlefield, Maryland 2017.
  4. CAN Bilmez Bülent, Demiryolundan Petrole Chester Projesi 1908-1923 , Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, İstanbul 2016.
  5. CASSIMATIS Louis P., American Influence in Greece, 1917-1929, The Kent State University Press, Kent 1988.
  6. CULLINANE Michael Patrick and Alex Goodall, The Open Door Era, United States Policy in the Twentieth Century, Edinburg University Press, Ed- inburg 2017.
  7. DE JONG Gerald F., “Dakota Resources”, South Dakota History, Volume 15, No 1, 1985, 66-114.
  8. DENOVO John A., American Interests and Policies in the Middle East, The Uni- versity of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN 1968.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

-

Yazarlar

Erkan Karakoç Bu kişi benim

Hasan Küçük Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Kasım 2020

Gönderilme Tarihi

-

Kabul Tarihi

-

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2020 Sayı: 44

Kaynak Göster

APA
Karakoç, E., & Küçük, H. (2020). AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950. Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi, 44, 183-220. https://izlik.org/JA36DY69AU
AMA
1.Karakoç E, Küçük H. AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950. TKİD. 2020;(44):183-220. https://izlik.org/JA36DY69AU
Chicago
Karakoç, Erkan, ve Hasan Küçük. 2020. “AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950”. Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi, sy 44: 183-220. https://izlik.org/JA36DY69AU.
EndNote
Karakoç E, Küçük H (01 Kasım 2020) AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950. Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi 44 183–220.
IEEE
[1]E. Karakoç ve H. Küçük, “AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950”, TKİD, sy 44, ss. 183–220, Kas. 2020, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA36DY69AU
ISNAD
Karakoç, Erkan - Küçük, Hasan. “AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950”. Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi. 44 (01 Kasım 2020): 183-220. https://izlik.org/JA36DY69AU.
JAMA
1.Karakoç E, Küçük H. AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950. TKİD. 2020;:183–220.
MLA
Karakoç, Erkan, ve Hasan Küçük. “AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950”. Türk Kültürü İncelemeleri Dergisi, sy 44, Kasım 2020, ss. 183-20, https://izlik.org/JA36DY69AU.
Vancouver
1.Erkan Karakoç, Hasan Küçük. AN IMPORTANT FIGURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TURKISH-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS: CONSUL GENERAL GABRIEL BIE RAVNDAL 1865-1950. TKİD [Internet]. 01 Kasım 2020;(44):183-220. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA36DY69AU