Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlikte Kriz Terapisinin Temelleri

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte kriz ile mücadele sürecinde uygulanabilecek Tanrı imgesini danışmanlığa dâhil eden yöntemleri incelemektir. Bu bağlam doğrultusunda kriz danışmanlığında psikolojik danışmanlıktan farklı olarak müdahalede zamanın kısıtlı olması nedeniyle etik durum, kişilikle olan ilişki, manevi danışmanın rolü ve danışmanlık sürecinin sonunda danışanı bekleyen durumlar ele alınmaktadır. Tanrı imgesi; kültür, aile ve toplum tarafından etkiye uğradığı gibi kişinin dini inanç ve yaşam deneyimlerinden de etkilenmektedir. Tanrı imgesinin gelişimi hakkında Harms, Goldman, Elkind ve Fowler gibi bilim insanlarının teorilerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Tanrı imgelerinin özellikle kriz durumlarında hayata yeniden tutunmak için potansiyel güç işlevi gören sığınma ve bir dinlenme yeri olduğu düşünüldüğü zaman, bu imgelerin kriz danışmanlığına dâhil edilmesi önemli görülmektedir. Buna karşılık bu imge doğru oluşturulmadığı zaman bireye dayanak olmak yerine kişinin durumunu daha da zor bir hale getirmektedir. Bu bağlam doğrultusunda yapılan çalışmalarda psikodinamik teknik, ilişkisel maneviyat tekniği ve aşkınlık tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Manevi yönelimli psikodinamik teknik, danışanın Tanrı imajının ‘an’a getirilmesini ve bu imajın çözümlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. İlişkisel maneviyat tekniğinde de Tanrı imgesi ile kurulan ilişki danışmanlıkta konumlandırılmaktadır. Her iki teknikte de danışanların mevcut imgesi ile ihtiyacı olan Tanrı imgesi dengelenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Aşkınlık tekniğinde ise danışanın tüm bu imgelerin ötesine taşınması hedeflenmektedir. Aşkın Tanrı imgesinin, danışanın sınırlarında çözemediği problemleri aşmasını ve onun gelişiminin gerçekleşmesini sağlayacak bir katalizör etkisi gösterdiği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla makalenin amacı manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte kriz danışmanlığı paralelinde Tanrı imgelerinin kullanıldığı danışmanlık modellerini incelemektir. Tanrı imgelerinin keşfi ve onların dönüştürülmesi, manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte kriz danışmanlığında en güncel metotlardan birisi olarak kabul görmektedir. Çünkü bu yöntem aile kökenli sorunlara, kişiler arası çözülmemiş narsistik eksikliklere veya biyokimyasal sorunlara odaklanmak yerine Tanrı’nın tanımlanmamış görüntülerinin varlığını dinlemek için bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Zira bu süreçte kişinin derin yatırımlar yaptığı “Tanrı/Tanrıları” kişiyi hayal kırıklığına uğratmış olabilmektedir. Ancak bu durum, yeni ve daha değerli imgelerin ortaya çıkması için bir fırsat olarak düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik
• Kriz danışmanlığı
• Bilişsel davranışçı terapi
• Tanrı imgeleri
• Danışmanlık modelleri
• Spiritual counseling and care
• Crisis counseling
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• God image
• Consulting model

Fundamentals of Crisis Therapy in Spiritual Counseling and Care

Öz

The purpose of this article is to examine the methods that include the image of God in counseling and that can be applied in spiritual counseling and guidance in combating crises. In this context, the ethical situation, the relationship with the personality, the role of the spiritual counselor and the situations that await the client at the end of the counseling process are evaluated due to the time constraints in the intervention of crisis counselling, unlike psychological counseling. The image of God is influenced by culture, family and society as well as by one’s religious beliefs and life experiences. It is known that scientists such as Harms, Goldman, Elkind and Fowler have theories about the development of the God image. Considering that images of God are a shelter and a resting place that functions as a potential power to hold on to life again in crisis situations, it is considered important to include them in crisis counseling. On the other hand, when this image is not formed correctly, it complicates the situation of the person rather than being a support for the individual. In this context, the psychodynamic technique, relational spirituality technique and transcendence technique are used. The spiritually oriented psychodynamic technique aims to bring the client's image of God into the 'moment' and resolve it. In the relational spirituality technique, the relationship established with the image of God is positioned in counseling. In both techniques, the client's current image and the God image they need are tried to be balanced. In the technique of transcendence, it is aimed to move the client beyond all these images. It is thought that the image of the transcendent God acts as a catalyst that will enable the client to overcome the problems that he/she cannot solve inside his/her borders and to realize his/her development. Therefore, the aim of the article is to examine the counseling models in which God images are used in parallel with crisis counseling in spiritual counseling and guidance. The discovery and transformation of images of God is accepted as one of the most up-to-date methods in crisis counseling in spiritual counseling and guidance. Because this method provides an opportunity to listen to the existence of undefined images of God instead of focusing on family origin problems, unresolved interpersonal narcissistic deficiencies or biochemical problems. Because in this process, the person's God(s), in which the person has made deep investments, may have disappointed the person. However, this situation is considered as an opportunity for the emergence of new and more valuable images.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spiritual counseling and care
• Crisis counseling
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• God image
• Consulting model

Kaynakça

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