Yaşlı Manevi Danışmanlığında Psikoterapi Tekniği Olarak Manevi Anımsama Terapisi

Öz

Yaşlı bireyler, Türkiye’de en hızlı büyüyen demografik gruplardan birini oluşturmakta ve bazı saha araştırma sonuçlarına göre tüm yaş grupları arasında en dindar grup olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yaşlı bireylerin sağlıkla ilgili yaşamış oldukları sorunlar sadece fiziksel sağlıkla ilgili değil ruh sağlığıyla da ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada ele alınan manevi anımsama terapisi, yaşlı bireylere uygulanabilecek danışmanlık tekniklerinden biridir. Anımsama çalışması ilk olarak Robert Butler (1968) tarafından, akıl hastanelerinde yaşlı insanlarla çalışmaya dayanan “yaşamı gözden geçirme” yönteminin bulunmasıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. Manevi danışma ve rehberlikte anımsama terapisinin kullanılması, yaşlı bireylere yaşamın anlam ve amacını bulma konusunda yardımcı olurken aynı zamanda sağlıklı yaşlanmayı teşvik etmenin bir yolu olarak da önerilmektedir. Maneviyatın anımsama terapisindeki sürece açıkça dâhil edilmesi, dindar yaşlı bireyler tarafından danışmanlık hizmetlerinden yararlanmayı kolaylaştırmanın bir yolu olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu makale, Türkiye’de yaşayan yaşlı bireylerde manevi anımsama terapisinin nasıl uygulanabileceğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalede, maneviyatın yaşlılarda zihinsel ve fiziksel sağlık üzerine etkisi, yaşlılarda manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik, bu danışmanlıkta kullanılan yöntem, teknikler ve etik, manevi anımsama terapisinin tanımı, tarihçesi, kapsamı ve anımsamanın manevi danışmanlık ve rehberliğe uyarlanması konuları ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada, yaşlılara uygulanan manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte etik konusunda; danışan özerkliğine saygı, danışmanın danışanın manevi yönelimiyle ilgili yeterliliğe sahip olması ve mesleki yeterlilik sınırları içinde uygulama yapmak ilkelerine değinilmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada danışanların, dinî öz değerlendirme yapabilmeleri için kullanılan nitel teknikler; manevi yaşam haritaları, manevi genogramlar, manevi eko-haritalar, manevi ekogramlar ve cümle tamamlama testlerine kısaca yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada, manevi anımsama terapisinin, pratik ve çözüm odaklı bir terapi süreci olması nedeniyle ülkemizdeki yaşlı bireyler için uygun görüldüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Uluslararası alanyazında manevi anımsama terapisinin güçlü ve etkili bir terapi modeli olduğu kanıtlanmış olsa da Türkiye’de bu yöntemin etkililiğe dair herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanamamıştır. Bu terapi tekniğinin yaşlı bireylerle çalışan manevi danışmanlar ve psikoterapistler tarafından kullanılmasının faydalı olacağına inanılmakta ve ülkemizde de etkililiğini sınayan çalışmaların artması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik
• Anımsama terapisi
• Yaşlı bireyler
• Psikolojik danışmanlık ve rehberlik
• Terapi
• Spiritual counseling and care
• Reminiscence therapy
• Elderly
• Psychologyical counseling and care
• Therapy

Spiritual Reminiscence Therapy as a Psychotherapy Technique in Spiritual Counseling for the Elderly

Öz

Elderly individuals constitute one of the fastest growing demographic groups in Turkey and are defined as of the most religious group among all age groups according to some field research results. Health-related problems of elderly individuals are not only related to physical health but also to mental health. Spiritual reminiscence therapy, discussed in this study, is one of the counseling techniques that can be applied to elderly individuals. Reminiscence work was first introduced by Robert Butler (1968) with the invention of the "life review" method based on working with older people in mental hospitals. The use of reminiscence therapy in spiritual counseling and care is recommended as a way to promote healthy aging while helping older individuals find meaning and purpose in life. The explicit inclusion of spirituality in the process of reminiscence therapy is considered as a way of facilitating the use of counseling services by religious elderly individuals. This article aims to investigate how spiritual reminiscence therapy can be applied to elderly individuals living in Turkey. In this context, the article deals with the effects of spirituality on mental and physical health in the elderly, spiritual counseling and guidance for the elderly, the methods, techniques and ethics used in this counseling, the definition, history and scope of spiritual reminiscence therapy, and the adaptation of reminiscence to spiritual counseling and care. In the study, on ethics in spiritual counseling and care applied to the elderly; The principles of respect for the client's autonomy, the counselor's competence regarding the spiritual orientation of the client and practicing within the limits of professional competence are mentioned. In addition, qualitative techniques used in the study for clients to make religious self-evaluation; spiritual life maps, spiritual genograms, spiritual eco-maps, spiritual echograms and sentence completion tests are briefly included. In the study, it was concluded that spiritual reminiscence therapy is considered appropriate for elderly individuals in Turkey because it is a practical and solution-oriented therapy process. However, although it has been proven in the international literature that spiritual reminiscence therapy is a powerful and effective therapy model, not any study on the effectiveness of this method has been found in Turkey. It is believed that the use of this therapy technique by spiritual counselors and psychotherapists working with elderly individuals will be beneficial, and it is thought that studies which test its effectiveness should increase in number in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spiritual counseling and care
• Reminiscence therapy
• Elderly
• Psychologyical counseling and care
• Therapy

Kaynakça

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