Overview Of Antimicrobial Resistance And Epidemiology Of Türkiye With A One Health Approach

Öz

Since their discovery, antimicrobials have saved countless lives and formed the foundation of modern medicine. In addition, their use in veterinary medicine, agriculture, and livestock has provided great convenience. However, despite all these benefits, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting from excessive and inappropriate use, threatens the global achievements made against diseases and thus public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) included AMR in its “Ten Threats to Global Health” list published in 2019 and encouraged the joint participation of all nations and stakeholders for effective action. This issue, which has become a global concern for many organizations, is also emerging as a growing problem in Türkiye. According to current AMR reports, Türkiye is one of the countries with the highest resistance rates in the WHO European Region. These findings highlight the urgency and importance of the fight against AMR. The misuse of antimicrobials in the food industry and veterinary medicine, as well as their environmental effects, should be considered priority issues, and policies should be shaped through intersectoral cooperation. In this review, AMR is evaluated through the One Health approach, and Türkiye’s AMR data obtained from reports are analyzed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimicrobial Resistance
• One Health
• Surveillance

Tek Sağlık Yaklaşımıyla Türkiye'nin Antimikrobiyal Direnci ve Epidemiyolojisine Genel Bakış

Öz

Antimikrobiyaller keşfedilmeleriyle birlikte sayısız hayat kurtarmış ve modern tıbbın temelini oluşturmuştur. Ayrıca veterinerlik, tarım ve hayvancılıkta kullanımı büyük kolaylık sağlamıştır. Ancak tüm bu faydaların yanı sıra aşırı ve uygunsuz kullanım sonucu oluşan antimikrobiyal direnç (AMD); antimikrobiyaller ile hastalıklara karşı elde edilen küresel başarıları ve böylelikle toplum sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ), 2019 yılında yayınladığı “Küresel Sağlık İçin On Tehdit Listesi”ne AMD’yi dahil ederek, etkili mücadele için tüm ulusların ve paydaşların ortak katılımını teşvik etti. Dünya çapında birçok kuruluşun odak noktası haline gelen bu konu, Türkiye’de de giderek büyüyen bir sorun haline geldi. Güncel AMD raporlarına göre Türkiye, DSÖ- Avrupa Bölgesi’nde en yüksek direnç yüzdelerine sahip ülkelerden biridir. Bu sonuçlar mücadelenin aciliyetini ve önemini gösteriyor. Gıda endüstrisinde ve veteriner hekimliğinde antimikrobiyallerin yanlış kullanımı ve çevreye olan etkileri de öncelikli konular arasında ele alınmalı ve politikalar sektörler arası iş birliği yoluyla belirlenmelidir. Bu derlemede AMD, Tek Sağlık yaklaşımıyla değerlendirilmiş ve Türkiye’nin raporlardan elde edilen AMD verileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimikrobiyal Direnç
• Tek Sağlık
• Sürveyans

Kaynakça

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