Çocuk ve Gençlerde Zorbalığa Maruz Kalmanın Psikopatoloji ile İlişkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 75 - 85, 23.08.2024

Selma Tural Hesapçıoğlu

Öz

Çocukluk çağında zorbalığa maruz kalmak, zihinsel işlevleri etkileyen, duygusal gelişimi bozan bir psikososyal stres etkenidir. Zorbalığa maruz kalmanın psikopatoloji ile ilişkisi incelendiğinde, karşımıza konunun iki farklı yönü çıkar. Bunlardan birincisi bireyi zorbalığa uğramaya yatkın hale getirebilme riski olan psikopatolojiler ve ikincisi ise maruz kalınan zorbalıkla ilişkili olarak bireyde ortaya çıkabilen psikopatolojilerdir. Literatür incelendiğinde dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, davranım bozukluğu, karşıt olma karşı gelme bozukluğu, entelektüel yetersizlik, öğrenme bozuklukları ve akademik başarısızlık, Tourette Sendromu, otizm spektrum bozuklukları, depresyon, internet bağımlılığı zorbalığa maruz kalma riskini arttırabileceği bildirilen psikopatolojilerdir. Bunun yanında, depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, organik olmayan psikoz, yeme bozuklukları, sınırda kişilik bozukluğu, madde kullanım bozukluğu, tütün bağımlılığı, duygudurum bozuklukları, panik bozukluk, insomnia zorbalık ile ilişkili olarak bireyde ortaya çıkabilen psikopatolojilerin en sık karşılaşılanlarıdır. Başta nörogelişimsel psikopatolojiler olmak üzere bazı bozukluklara sahip çocuk ve ergenler, zorbalığa daha fazla maruz kalabilmektedir. Bu özel grupların düzenli izlenmesi, uğranılabilecek zorbalığın erken fark edilip müdahale edilmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Zorbalık aynı zamanda, çocuk ve ergenin ruhsal gelişimini etkileyerek bazen kalıcı olabilen psikopatolojilere yol açabilmekte, yaşam boyu yıkıcı etkiler oluşturabilmektedir. Okullarda akran zorbalığını önlemeye yönelik, sürekliliği olan yapılandırılmış müdahale programlarının bir politika olarak hayata geçirilmesi çocuk ve ergen ruh sağlığının korunmasına yardımcı olarak toplum ruh sağlığının geliştirilmesine en önemli katkıyı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DEHB, depresyon, Depresyon, Entelektüel yetersizlik, Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, Zorbalık

Etik Beyan

Derleme yazısı olması nedeniyle etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

The relationship between bullying victimization and psychopathology in children and adolescents

Öz

Being bullied in childhood is a psychosocial stressor that affects mental health and impairs emotional development. When the relationship between exposure to bullying and psychopathology is examined, we encounter two different aspects of the issue. The first of these are psychopathologies that have the risk of predisposition to being bullied, and the second are psychopathologies that may emerge in the children and adolescents in relation to bullying. When the literature is examined, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, intellectual disability, learning disorders and academic failure, Tourette Syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, depression, and internet addiction are among the psychopathologies reported to increase the risk of bullying victimization. In addition, depression, anxiety disorders, non-organic psychosis, eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, substance use disorder, tobacco addiction, mood disorders, panic disorder, insomnia are the leading psychopathologies that may occur in the individual in relation to bullying victimization. Children and adolescents with especially neurodevelopmental psychopathologies, may be more prone to bullying victimization. Regular monitoring of these special groups is important in terms of early detection and intervention of possible bullying. Bullying can also affect the psychological development of children and adolescents, sometimes leading to permanent psychopathologies and having devastating effects throughout life. Implementing continuous, structured intervention programs as a policy to prevent peer bullying in schools can make the most important contribution to improving community mental health by helping to protect child and adolescent mental health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ADHD, Autism spectrum disorder, Bullying, Depression, Intellectual disability, Victimization

Kaynakça

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