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Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces

Sayı: Advanced Online Publication Erken Görünüm Tarihi: 14 Eylül 2026
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Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces

Öz

The exploitation of the non-western world by western powers was a multidimensional process that established political, economic, and, crucially, epistemic dependence. Through the ‘civilizing mission’ and Orientalist discourse, the West legitimized its colonial order by framing the ‘other’ as inherently backward. While post-colonial studies have provided robust frameworks to critique these power dynamics since the 1970s—influencing disciplines from historical sociology to anthropology—their application to the 19th-century Ottoman Middle East (especially Ottoman Arab provinces) requires careful nuance. This article evaluates whether 19th-century Ottoman modernization and centralization can be accurately categorized as ‘Ottoman Colonialism’ or ‘Ottoman Orientalism’. Analyzing the critical perspectives of Thomas Kühn and Ussama Makdisi, the study advises against conflating Ottoman administrative discourses with western colonial paradigms based solely on superficial similarities. Unlike the rigid, ethno-centric, and legal 'fixity’ inherent in western imperialism, the Ottoman ‘civilized-bedouin’ (medeni-bedevi) dichotomy stems from pre-modern traditional categories. Ottoman ruling elites deployed an identical discursive framework in their efforts to implement the sedentariness of Turkish and Kurdish tribes throughout Anatolia. The research concludes that Ottoman elites utilized these existing distinctions to facilitate centralization rather than to impose the absolute segregation characteristic of colonial hegemony.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Colonialism, Imperyalism, Orientalism, Ottoman Colonialism, Ottoman Orientalism, Self-Orientalism

Kaynakça

  1. Ahmet Cevdet Paşa. (1986). Tezkire No. 28. In C. Baysun (Ed.), Tezâkir: Vol. 3 (Tezkire No. 21-39). Türk Tarih Kurumu.
  2. Anscombe, F. F. (2014). State, Faith, and Nation in Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Lands. Cambridge University Press.
  3. Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H. (2002). The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. Routledge.
  4. Aydın, M. Â. (2024). Osmanlı Hukukuna Giriş -Klasik Dönem-. İSAM Yayınları.
  5. Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. Routledge.
  6. Boehmer, E. (1995). Colonial and Postcolonial Literature. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press
  7. Bottomore, T. (Ed.). (1983). A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Basil Blackwell.
  8. Chakrabarty, D. (2002). A Small history of Subaltern Studies. In Habitations of Modernity: Essays in The Wake of Subaltern Studies (pp. 3–19). University of Chicago Press.
  9. Cohn, B. S. (1989). Law and the colonial state in India. In J. Starr & J. F. Collier (Eds.), History and Power in The Study of Law: New Directions in Legal Anthropology. Cornell University Press.
  10. Cohn, B. S. (1996). Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India. Princeton University Press.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kurğan, E. (2026). Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1891823
AMA
1.Kurğan E. Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.26513/tocd.1891823
Chicago
Kurğan, Erdal. 2026. “Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1891823.
EndNote
Kurğan E (01 Eylül 2026) Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi Advanced Online Publication
IEEE
[1]E. Kurğan, “Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces”, Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.26513/tocd.1891823.
ISNAD
Kurğan, Erdal. “Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (01 Eylül 2026). https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.1891823.
JAMA
1.Kurğan E. Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2026. doi:10.26513/tocd.1891823.
MLA
Kurğan, Erdal. “Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces”. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Eylül 2026, doi:10.26513/tocd.1891823.
Vancouver
1.Erdal Kurğan. Beyond the Colonial Lens: A Critical Assessment of Orientalism, Colonialism and Imperialism in the 19th-Century Ottoman Arab Provinces. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi. 01 Eylül 2026;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.26513/tocd.1891823