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Ortadoğu’daki Yapısal Değişimin Devletlerin İttifak Politikalarına Etkisi: Suriye Örneği

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 74 - 101, 30.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.314533

Öz




















Bu çalışma, Ortadoğu’da
meydana gelen sistemik değişimden yola çıkarak Suriye krizi bağlamında 2011-2015
yılları arasında kurulan ittifakları kuramsal bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir.
Bu sistemik değişimin miladı, Obama yönetiminin seleflerinden farklılaşan dış
politika yaklaşımına dayanmaktadır. Obama doktrini olarak isimlendirilen yeni
dış politika, kriz alanlarına yönelik sorumluluk üstlenmekten kaçınma ve bu
sorumluluğu daha çok bölgesel aktörlere yükleme anlayışı üzerine inşa
edilmiştir. Sistemik değişimle birlikte bölgesel güç dağılımının devlet
davranışlarında belirleyici olması, bu davranışlardan biri olan ittifakların
yeni sistemik özellikler ışığında tanımlanmasını zaruri kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamdan
hareketle çalışma, Suriye örneği üzerinden yeni sistemik sınırlar içerisinde
kurulan ittifakların ardında yatan kaygının güvenlik merkezli olduğu iddia
etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • “Askeri müdahale gerekiyorsa yaparız”, Aljazeera Turk, 21 Ekim 2015, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/askeri-mudahale-gerekiyorsa-yapariz, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “Assad's overthrow "red line" for Iran: supreme leader's aide”, Reuters, 20 Ocak 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-iran-idUSBRE90J08320130120, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Bakr, Amena ve Mariam Karouny, “Qatar, allies tighten coordination of arms flows to Syria”, Reuters, 14 Mayıs 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-qatar-support-idUSBRE94D0GT20130514, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Bassam, Laila ve Tom Perry, “How Iranian general plotted out Syrian assault in Moscow”, Reuters, 6 Ekim 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-soleimani-insigh-idUSKCN0S02BV20151006, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “Başkan Obama’nın, Afganistan ve Pakistan’daki Durumun Geleceğine Dair Konuşması”, ABD Diplomatik Temsilcilikler-Türkiye, 1 Aralık 2009, http://turkish.turkey.usembassy.gov/konusma_120109.html, (10 Ekim 2016).
  • Bernard, Anne “Syrian Rebels Say Saudi Arabia Is Stepping Up Weapons Deliveries”, The New York Times, 12 Eylül 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/13/world/middleeast/syrian-rebels-say-saudi-arabia-is-stepping-up-weapons-deliveries.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Birnbaum, Michael, “The secret pact between Russia and Syria that gives Moscow carte blanche”, The Washington Post, 15 Ocak 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/01/15/the-secret-pact-between-russia-and-syria-that-gives-moscow-carte-blanche/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Blomfield, Adrian, “Russian arms ship to make second attempt to deliver helicopters to Syria”, The Telegraph, 24 Haziran 2012, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9352852/Russian-arms-ship-to-make-second-attempt-to-deliver-helicopters-to-Syria.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Brooks, Stephen G., G. John Ikenberry ve William C. Wohlforth, “Don’t Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment”, International Security, Cilt: 37, Sayı: 3, (2013) s.7-51
  • Chivers, C. J. ve Eric Schmitt, “Arms Airlift to Syria Rebels Expands, With Aid From C.I.A”, The New York Times, 24 Mart 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/world/middleeast/arms-airlift-to-syrian-rebels-expands-with-cia-aid.html?_r=0, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Chivers, C. J., Eric Schmitt ve Mark Mazzetti, “In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons”, The New York Times, 21 Haziran 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/world/africa/in-a-turnabout-syria-rebels-get-libyan-weapons.html?pagewanted=all, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Christensen, Thomas J. ve Jack Snyder. Chain Gang and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity, International Organization, Cilt. 44, No. 2, (İlkbahar 1990): 137-168.
  • Coghlan, Tom ve Michael Evans, “Russia sends men and arms to prop up dying Assad regime in Syria”, The Weekend Australian, 3 Eylül 2015, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/russia-sends-men-and-arms-to-prop-up-dying-assad-regime-in-syria/news-story/a3440914d5368896ac75603993c04099?=, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Deutsch, Karl W. ve J. David Singer, “Multipolar Power Systems and International Stability”, World Politics, Cilt.16, No.3, 1964: 390-406.
  • DeYoung, Karen ve Liz Sly, “Syrian rebels get influx of arms with gulf neighbors’ money, U.S. coordination”, The Washington Post, 15 Mayıs 2012, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/syrian-rebels-get-influx-of-arms-with-gulf-neighbors-money-us-coordination/2012/05/15/gIQAds2TSU_story.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Doherty, Regan ve Amena Bakr, “Exclusive: Secret Turkish nerve center leads aid to Syria rebels”, Reuters, 27 Temmuz 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-centre-idUSBRE86Q0JM20120727, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • El-Hasan, Ömer, “Körfez Ülkeleri ve Suriye Krizi”, Aljazeera Turk, 15 Ağustos 2012, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber-analiz/korfez-ulkeleri-ve-suriye-krizi, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Entous, Adam ve Matthew Rosenberg, “U.S says Iran helps crackdown in Syria”, The Wall Street Journal, 14 Nisan 2011, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704547804576261222747330438, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “Erdoğan: Bayırbucak Türkmenlerinin olduğu yerde DAİŞ yok; Esed rejimini ayakta tutmak için saldırıyorlar”, T24, 24 Kasım 2015, http://t24.com.tr/haber/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-konusuyor,317848, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “Erdoğan: Rusya ve İran Esad'ı koruyor”, Sabah, 7 Ekim 2015, http://www.sabah.com.tr/dunya/2015/10/07/erdogan-rusya-ve-iran-esadi-koruyor, (20 Kasım 2016). “Exclusive: Turkey says seizes illegal Iran arms shipment”, Reuters, 31 Mart 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-sanctions-un-idUSTRE72U6GJ20110331, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Fassihi, Farnaz ve Jay Solomon, “Top Iranian Official Acknowledges Syria Role”, The Wall Street Journal, 16 Eylül 2012, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443720204578000482831419570, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Fisher, Max, “The four reasons Russia won’t give up Syria, no matter what Obama does”, The Washington Post, 5 Eylül 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/09/05/the-four-reasons-russia-wont-give-up-syria-no-matter-what-obama-does/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Fouad, Ahmed, “Mısır Suriye’de çözümün anahtarı olabilir mi?”, Al-Monitor, 25 Ekim 2015, http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/originals/2015/10/egypt-role-syria-crisis-assad-russia-saudi-arabia.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Haynes, Kyle, “ Decline and Devolution: The Sources of Strategic Military Retrenchment”, International Studies Quarterly, 2015. s. 490-502.
  • Gertz, Bill, “Inside The Ring: New Russian beachhead in Syria”, The Washington Times, 3 Şubat 2016, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/feb/3/inside-the-ring-new-russian-beachhead-in-syria/?page=all, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Hassan, Hassan, “Syria Is Now Saudi Arabia’s Problem”, Foreign Policy, 6 Haziran 2013, http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/06/06/syria-is-now-saudi-arabias-problem/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “İran: "Türkiye 'Yeni Osmanlıcılık' peşinde”, Hürriyet, 12 Ekim 2012, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/iran-turkiye-yeni-osmanlicilik-pesinde-27370399, (20 Kasım 2016). Kardaş, Şaban, “Suriye’ye Rus Müdahalesi: Tıkanmışlığın Restorasyonu”, Ortadoğu Analiz, Cilt. 7 No. 71, (Kasım-Aralık 2015).
  • Karouny, Mariam, “Saudi edges Qatar to control Syrian rebel support”, Reuters, 31 Mayıs 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-saudi-insight-idUSBRE94U0ZV20130531, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Khalaf, Roula ve Abigail Fielding-Smith, “How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution”, Financial Times,17 Mayıs 2013, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/f2d9bbc8-bdbc-11e2-890a-00144feab7de.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Knights, Michael, “Iran's Foreign Legion: The Role of Iraqi Shiite Militias in Syria”, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 27 Haziran 2013, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/irans-foreign-legion-the-role-of-iraqi-shiite-militias-in-syria, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Lefèvre, Raphaël ve Ali el-Yassir, “The Sham Legion: Syria’s Moderate Islamists”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 15 Nisan 2014, http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=55344, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Lefèvre, Raphaël, “Saudi Arabia and the Syrian Brotherhood”, Middle East Institute, 27 Eylül 2013, http://www.mei.edu/content/saudi-arabia-and-syrian-brotherhood, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Lister, Tim, “Russia's Syria expedition: Why now and what's next?”, CNN International, 1 Ekim 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/27/world/russia-syria-involvement/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Mearsheimer, John J. ve Stephen M. Walt, “The Case for Offshore Balancing”, Foreign Affairs, 13 Haziran 2016, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2016-06-13/case-offshore-balancing, (10 Ekim 2016).
  • Mearsheimer, John J., “A Return to Offshore Balancing”, Newsweek, 31 Aralık 2008, http://europe.newsweek.com/return-offshore-balancing-82925?rm=eu, (10 Ekim 2016).
  • Mearsheimer, John J., Back to the Future, International Security, Cilt. 15, No. 1, (Yaz 1990): 5-56.
  • Mearsheimer, John J., The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: Norton Company Inc, 2001.
  • “Mısır'ın yeni Suriye politikası açıklandı”, Dünya Bülteni, 20 Temmuz 2013, http://www.dunyabulteni.net/haber/268083/misirin-yeni-suriye-politikasi-aciklandi, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Monteiro, Nuno P., Theory of Unipolar Politics, New York: Cambridge, 2014.
  • Morgenthau, Hans J., Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
  • “Muhalefete karadan havaya füze”, Aljazeera Turk, 20 Şubat 2016, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/muhalefete-karadan-havaya-fuze, (20 Kasım 2016).
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The Impact of Structural Change in the Middle East on Alliance Policies of States: The Case of Syria

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 74 - 101, 30.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.314533

Öz

This study examines the alliances established between 2011-2015 in the
context of the Syrian crisis from the theoretical perspective of considering
the systemic change that took place in the Middle East. The milestone of this
systemic change is based on a foreign policy approach that differs from the
predecessors of the Obama administration. The new foreign policy, called as the
Obama doctrine, is built on an understanding of avoidance of responsibility for
crisis areas and a sense of putting the responsibility on regional actors. The
fact that regional power distribution with systemic change is determinative of
state behavior makes it necessary to identify
alliances which are one of these behaviors, in the light of new systemic
features. Starting from this context the study asserts that the concern lies
behind the alliances established within the new systemic borders over the
Syrian example is security oriented.

Kaynakça

  • “Askeri müdahale gerekiyorsa yaparız”, Aljazeera Turk, 21 Ekim 2015, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/askeri-mudahale-gerekiyorsa-yapariz, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “Assad's overthrow "red line" for Iran: supreme leader's aide”, Reuters, 20 Ocak 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-iran-idUSBRE90J08320130120, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Bakr, Amena ve Mariam Karouny, “Qatar, allies tighten coordination of arms flows to Syria”, Reuters, 14 Mayıs 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-qatar-support-idUSBRE94D0GT20130514, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Bassam, Laila ve Tom Perry, “How Iranian general plotted out Syrian assault in Moscow”, Reuters, 6 Ekim 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-soleimani-insigh-idUSKCN0S02BV20151006, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “Başkan Obama’nın, Afganistan ve Pakistan’daki Durumun Geleceğine Dair Konuşması”, ABD Diplomatik Temsilcilikler-Türkiye, 1 Aralık 2009, http://turkish.turkey.usembassy.gov/konusma_120109.html, (10 Ekim 2016).
  • Bernard, Anne “Syrian Rebels Say Saudi Arabia Is Stepping Up Weapons Deliveries”, The New York Times, 12 Eylül 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/13/world/middleeast/syrian-rebels-say-saudi-arabia-is-stepping-up-weapons-deliveries.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Birnbaum, Michael, “The secret pact between Russia and Syria that gives Moscow carte blanche”, The Washington Post, 15 Ocak 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/01/15/the-secret-pact-between-russia-and-syria-that-gives-moscow-carte-blanche/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Blomfield, Adrian, “Russian arms ship to make second attempt to deliver helicopters to Syria”, The Telegraph, 24 Haziran 2012, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9352852/Russian-arms-ship-to-make-second-attempt-to-deliver-helicopters-to-Syria.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Brooks, Stephen G., G. John Ikenberry ve William C. Wohlforth, “Don’t Come Home America: The Case Against Retrenchment”, International Security, Cilt: 37, Sayı: 3, (2013) s.7-51
  • Chivers, C. J. ve Eric Schmitt, “Arms Airlift to Syria Rebels Expands, With Aid From C.I.A”, The New York Times, 24 Mart 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/world/middleeast/arms-airlift-to-syrian-rebels-expands-with-cia-aid.html?_r=0, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Chivers, C. J., Eric Schmitt ve Mark Mazzetti, “In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons”, The New York Times, 21 Haziran 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/world/africa/in-a-turnabout-syria-rebels-get-libyan-weapons.html?pagewanted=all, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Christensen, Thomas J. ve Jack Snyder. Chain Gang and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity, International Organization, Cilt. 44, No. 2, (İlkbahar 1990): 137-168.
  • Coghlan, Tom ve Michael Evans, “Russia sends men and arms to prop up dying Assad regime in Syria”, The Weekend Australian, 3 Eylül 2015, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/russia-sends-men-and-arms-to-prop-up-dying-assad-regime-in-syria/news-story/a3440914d5368896ac75603993c04099?=, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Deutsch, Karl W. ve J. David Singer, “Multipolar Power Systems and International Stability”, World Politics, Cilt.16, No.3, 1964: 390-406.
  • DeYoung, Karen ve Liz Sly, “Syrian rebels get influx of arms with gulf neighbors’ money, U.S. coordination”, The Washington Post, 15 Mayıs 2012, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/syrian-rebels-get-influx-of-arms-with-gulf-neighbors-money-us-coordination/2012/05/15/gIQAds2TSU_story.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Doherty, Regan ve Amena Bakr, “Exclusive: Secret Turkish nerve center leads aid to Syria rebels”, Reuters, 27 Temmuz 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-centre-idUSBRE86Q0JM20120727, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • El-Hasan, Ömer, “Körfez Ülkeleri ve Suriye Krizi”, Aljazeera Turk, 15 Ağustos 2012, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber-analiz/korfez-ulkeleri-ve-suriye-krizi, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Entous, Adam ve Matthew Rosenberg, “U.S says Iran helps crackdown in Syria”, The Wall Street Journal, 14 Nisan 2011, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704547804576261222747330438, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “Erdoğan: Bayırbucak Türkmenlerinin olduğu yerde DAİŞ yok; Esed rejimini ayakta tutmak için saldırıyorlar”, T24, 24 Kasım 2015, http://t24.com.tr/haber/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-konusuyor,317848, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “Erdoğan: Rusya ve İran Esad'ı koruyor”, Sabah, 7 Ekim 2015, http://www.sabah.com.tr/dunya/2015/10/07/erdogan-rusya-ve-iran-esadi-koruyor, (20 Kasım 2016). “Exclusive: Turkey says seizes illegal Iran arms shipment”, Reuters, 31 Mart 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-sanctions-un-idUSTRE72U6GJ20110331, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Fassihi, Farnaz ve Jay Solomon, “Top Iranian Official Acknowledges Syria Role”, The Wall Street Journal, 16 Eylül 2012, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443720204578000482831419570, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Fisher, Max, “The four reasons Russia won’t give up Syria, no matter what Obama does”, The Washington Post, 5 Eylül 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/09/05/the-four-reasons-russia-wont-give-up-syria-no-matter-what-obama-does/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Fouad, Ahmed, “Mısır Suriye’de çözümün anahtarı olabilir mi?”, Al-Monitor, 25 Ekim 2015, http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/originals/2015/10/egypt-role-syria-crisis-assad-russia-saudi-arabia.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Haynes, Kyle, “ Decline and Devolution: The Sources of Strategic Military Retrenchment”, International Studies Quarterly, 2015. s. 490-502.
  • Gertz, Bill, “Inside The Ring: New Russian beachhead in Syria”, The Washington Times, 3 Şubat 2016, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/feb/3/inside-the-ring-new-russian-beachhead-in-syria/?page=all, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Hassan, Hassan, “Syria Is Now Saudi Arabia’s Problem”, Foreign Policy, 6 Haziran 2013, http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/06/06/syria-is-now-saudi-arabias-problem/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • “İran: "Türkiye 'Yeni Osmanlıcılık' peşinde”, Hürriyet, 12 Ekim 2012, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/iran-turkiye-yeni-osmanlicilik-pesinde-27370399, (20 Kasım 2016). Kardaş, Şaban, “Suriye’ye Rus Müdahalesi: Tıkanmışlığın Restorasyonu”, Ortadoğu Analiz, Cilt. 7 No. 71, (Kasım-Aralık 2015).
  • Karouny, Mariam, “Saudi edges Qatar to control Syrian rebel support”, Reuters, 31 Mayıs 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-saudi-insight-idUSBRE94U0ZV20130531, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Khalaf, Roula ve Abigail Fielding-Smith, “How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution”, Financial Times,17 Mayıs 2013, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/f2d9bbc8-bdbc-11e2-890a-00144feab7de.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Knights, Michael, “Iran's Foreign Legion: The Role of Iraqi Shiite Militias in Syria”, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 27 Haziran 2013, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/irans-foreign-legion-the-role-of-iraqi-shiite-militias-in-syria, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Lefèvre, Raphaël ve Ali el-Yassir, “The Sham Legion: Syria’s Moderate Islamists”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 15 Nisan 2014, http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=55344, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Lefèvre, Raphaël, “Saudi Arabia and the Syrian Brotherhood”, Middle East Institute, 27 Eylül 2013, http://www.mei.edu/content/saudi-arabia-and-syrian-brotherhood, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Lister, Tim, “Russia's Syria expedition: Why now and what's next?”, CNN International, 1 Ekim 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/27/world/russia-syria-involvement/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Mearsheimer, John J. ve Stephen M. Walt, “The Case for Offshore Balancing”, Foreign Affairs, 13 Haziran 2016, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2016-06-13/case-offshore-balancing, (10 Ekim 2016).
  • Mearsheimer, John J., “A Return to Offshore Balancing”, Newsweek, 31 Aralık 2008, http://europe.newsweek.com/return-offshore-balancing-82925?rm=eu, (10 Ekim 2016).
  • Mearsheimer, John J., Back to the Future, International Security, Cilt. 15, No. 1, (Yaz 1990): 5-56.
  • Mearsheimer, John J., The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: Norton Company Inc, 2001.
  • “Mısır'ın yeni Suriye politikası açıklandı”, Dünya Bülteni, 20 Temmuz 2013, http://www.dunyabulteni.net/haber/268083/misirin-yeni-suriye-politikasi-aciklandi, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Monteiro, Nuno P., Theory of Unipolar Politics, New York: Cambridge, 2014.
  • Morgenthau, Hans J., Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
  • “Muhalefete karadan havaya füze”, Aljazeera Turk, 20 Şubat 2016, http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/muhalefete-karadan-havaya-fuze, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Peck, Max, “Doubling Down on Damascus: Iran’s Military Surge to Save the Assad Regime”, Foundation for Defense of Democracies, 5 Ocak 2016, http://www.defenddemocracy.org/content/uploads/documents/Doubling_Down_on_Damascus.pdf, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Russett, Bruce M., “An Empirical Typology of International Military Alliances”, Midwest Journal of Political Science, Cilt 15, No: 2, (Mayıs 1971): 262-289.
  • “Russia dismisses uproar over Syria arms sales”, Raw Story, 17 Mayıs 2013, http://www.rawstory.com/2013/05/russia-dismisses-uproar-over-syria-arms-sales/, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Schweller, Randall L., Deadly Imbalance: Tripolarity and Hitler’s Strategy of World Conquest, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
  • Schweller, Randall L., Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2006.
  • Shafy, Samiha ve Bernhard Zand, “Saudi Foreign Minister: “I Don't Think World War III Is Going To Happen in Syria”, Spiegel Online, 19 Şubat 2016, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-saudi-foreign-minister-adel-al-jubeir-on-syrian-war-a-1078337.html, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Sinkaya, Bayram, “Arap Baharı Sürecinde İran’ın Suriye Politikası”, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı, Nisan 2012, No. 53, http://arsiv.setav.org/public/HaberDetay.aspx?Dil=tr&hid=117082&q=arap-bahari-surecinde-iran-in-suriye-politikasi, s.8-10.
  • Snyder, Glenn H., Alliance Politics, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.
  • “Uçakta meşru olmayan unsurlar var”, Hürriyet, 11 Ekim 2012, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ucakta-mesru-olmayan-unsurlar-var-21670055, (20 Kasım 2016).
  • Walt, Stephen M., “Why Alliances Endure or Collapse”, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, Cilt.39, Sayı:1, 1997: 156-179.
  • Walt, Stephen M., The Origins of Alliances, New York: Cornell University Press, 1990.
  • Waltz, Kenneth, Uluslararası Politika Teorisi, çev: Osman S. Binatlı, Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi, 2015.
  • Yalçın, Hasan Basri, “ABD, Suriye’de PKK Devleti Kuruyor”, Star, 27 Haziran 2016, http://haber.star.com.tr/yazar/suriyede-amerikaya-bagliliktan-cikmaliyiz-diyen-dr-hasan-basri-yalcin-uyariyor/yazi-1121292, (10 Ekim 2016).
  • Yalçın, Hasan Basri, Ortadoğu’da Yeni Durum ve Türkiye’nin Dış Politika Stratejisi, Türk Dış Politikası Yıllığı 2013, (2015): 13-41.
  • Yalçın, Hasan Basri, “Obama Stratejisi ve Ortadoğu” Akademik Ortadoğu, Cilt: 9, Sayı: 2, 2015, s. 55-74.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Furkan Polat

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2017
Kabul Tarihi 12 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Polat, F. (2017). Ortadoğu’daki Yapısal Değişimin Devletlerin İttifak Politikalarına Etkisi: Suriye Örneği. Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 74-101. https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.314533

Creative Commons Lisansı

TOÇD'nde yayınlanan makaleler Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.