İsrailli Olmak:Kollektif Bir Kimlik Geliştirmenin Zorlukları

Yıl 2018, Cilt 5, Sayı 1, 73 - 100, 30.06.2018

Tuğçe ERSOY

https://doi.org/10.26513/tocd.411201

Öz

İsrail kurulduğu yıldan itibaren Yahudi nüfusunu Filistin nüfusu karşısında dengelemek ve çoğunluğu konsolide etmek adına dünyadaki tüm Yahudilerin İsrail’e gelip yerleşmeleri çağrısında bulunmuştur. Bu çağrıya Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika’daki Arap ülkelerinde yaşayan Yahudiler cevap vermiş ve 1950 yılından itibaren ülkeye göçen Yahudiler İsrail nüfusunun artmasında en büyük rolü üstlenmişlerdir. Ne var ki, farklı kültürlerden gelen bu Yahudiler İsrail’de bir kimlik krizinin ortaya çıkmasında katalizör görevi görmüştür. İsrail’in bugün en büyük toplumsal krizlerinden birinin kimlikle ilgili olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Zira bu kimlik krizi ekonomiden siyasete, kültürden eğitime her alanı etkilemektedir. İsrailli kimliğini dini anlamlar barındıran Yahudi kimliğinden ayırmak çok zordur ve bu durum İsrail toplumunu ‘İsrail ulusu’ ve ‘Yahudi halkı’ dikotomisinin içerisine hapsederek bir etnik grup olarak Yahudiler arasında dindar-seküler ayrışma hatlarının oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Dini aidiyete yönelik bu ayrışmanın yanında İsrailli Yahudilerin sosyo-kültürel olarak da farklılık göstermesi çözülmeyi bekleyen bir diğer kimlik sorunudur. İsrailli kimliği için henüz net bir tanımlama yapmak mümkün olmamakla birlikte; ayrışma hatları üzerinden yapılacak bir inceleme İsrail toplumunun yapısını anlamaya yardımcı olabilecektir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yahudi Kimliği, İsrail Vatandaşlığı, Dindar-Seküler Bölünme, Sosyo-Kültürel Bölünme

Being Israeli: The Difficulties of Developing a Collective Identity

Öz

Since its establishment, Israeli policy makers have made calls to all Jews around the world to come and settle in Israel in order to gain demographic balance of Jews vis-à-vis Palestinians and in order to consolidate the majority. This call has found echo among the Jews who lived within the Arab states in North Africa and in the Middle East. From 1950 onwards, those Jews emigrating to Israel have undertaken the biggest role in augmenting Jewish population in Israel. However, those Jews coming from different cultural background compared to Ashkenazim coming from Europe have also been the catalysts of the occurrence of an identity crisis in Israel. Today, it’s not inappropriate to claim that one of the Israel’s biggest societal problems is about the identity issue since this crisis of identity has huge effects not only in economics and politics but also in culture and education. It is very difficult to separate the Israeli identity from Jewish identity which carries religious connotations and this situation has enprisoned Israeli society into ‘Israeli nation’ and ‘Jewish people’ dichotomy which would culminate with the occurence of religious-secular cleavage in the end. Along with the religious-secular cleavage, Israeli Jews show differences socially and culturally which is another identity problem waiting to be solved. Even though, it’s not yet possible to make a clear definition of Israeli identity, an examination made upon cleavage lines might be expedient in understanding the structure of Israeli society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jewish Identity, Israeli Citizenship, Israeli Society, Religious-Secular Cleavage, Socio-Cultural Cleavage

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