Doğum Eyleminde Hidroterapi Uygulaması ve Suda Doğum: Güncel Araştırmaların Derlemesi

Yıl 2024, , 367 - 373, 30.09.2024

Meltem Uğurlu , Şerife İrem Döner

https://doi.org/10.52369/togusagbilderg.1430962

Öz

Hidroterapi, farklı sıcaklıklardaki suyun hastalıkları tedavi etmek ve ağrıyı azaltmak için kullanıldığı, doğumda ağrı yönetimi için en nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerden biridir. Amerikan Obstetrisyenler ve Jinekologlar Koleji, hidroterapinin doğumun ilk evresinde kullanılabileceğini, ancak suda doğumun sonuçları hakkında yeterli kanıt olmadığını belirtmektedir. Hidroterapinin etkileri doğumun evrelerine göre incelendiğinde, doğumun ilk evresinde ağrı, anksiyete, konfor düzeyi, sempatovagal denge, ebeveynlik davranışı ve aktif faz süresi üzerinde etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğumun ikinci evresinde ise; epidural ve opioid kullanımı, maternal ağrı, epizyotomi kullanımı, intakt perine, omuz distosisi ve doğum eylemi süresi üzerinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğum sonrası dönemde ise doğum sonrası kanama insidansı, doğum memnuniyeti ve kadınların otonomi duygusu üzerinde etkisi olduğu, hastanede yatış süresini kısalttığı ve emzirme oranını artırdığı bildirilmiştir. Suda doğumun yenidoğan üzerindeki etkileri incelendiğinde vücut ısısı, arteriyel ve venöz pH üzerinde etkisi olduğu, Apgar üzerinde ise etkisi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde suda doğum ile ilgili çeşitli çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte kanıta dayalı sonuçlar elde etmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu derlemenin amacı, doğumun birinci evresinde ve doğumun ikinci evresinde suda uygulanan hidroterapinin (suda doğum) son 5 yıldaki güncel araştırma sonuçlarını incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hidroterapi, Suda doğum, Doğal doğum

Etik Beyan

Derleme makale olduğu için etik kurul onayı bulunmamaktadır.

Hydrotherapy During Labor and Birth in Water: A Review of Current Researches

Öz

Hydrotherapy is one of the most nonpharmacological methods for pain management in labor, where water at different temperatures is used to treat diseases and reduce pain. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that hydrotherapy can be used in the first stage of labor, but there is insufficient evidence on the outcomes of water birth. When the effects of hydrotherapy were examined according to the stages of labor, it was determined that it had an effect on pain, anxiety, comfort level, sympathovagal balance, parenting behavior and active phase duration in the first stage of labor. In the second stage of labor; epidural and opioid use, maternal pain, episiotomy use, intact perineum, shoulder dystocia and duration of labor. In the postpartum period, it has been reported to have an effect on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, birth satisfaction and women's sense of autonomy, shorten the duration of hospitalization and increase the rate of breastfeeding. When the effects of water birth on the newborn are examined, it is determined that it has an effect on body temperature, arterial and venous pH, while it has no effect on Apgar. Although there are various studies on water birth in the literature, more studies are needed to obtain evidence-based results. The aim of this review is to examine the current research results of hydrotherapy applied in the first stage of labor and the second stage of labor in water (water birth) in the last 5 years.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hydrotherapy, Water birth, Natural Childbirth

Kaynakça

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