İskelet Kaslarının Pasif Mekanik Özellikleri ve Egzersiz

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 94 - 105, 31.01.2023

Selim Mahmut Günay , Nevin Atalay Güzel

Öz

Kas lifleri kuvvet iletiminin yanı sıra mekanik özellikleriyle de çevre dokularla etkileşim içerisindedir. İskelet kasının pasif mekanik özellikleri kas fonksiyonunun anlaşılmasında kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Mekanik özelliklerin tanımlanması ile hastalık, yaşlanma ve travma sebebiyle meydana gelen değişikliklerin teşhis ve tedavisinde olumlu gelişmeler sağlanmıştır.
Kas dokusunun mekanik özelliklerinin tanımlanması ve egzersiz etkileşiminin araştırılması ile kas yapısının performansa ve yaralanmalara etkileri açıklığa kavuşabilir. Klinikte kas dokusunun mekanik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla farklı yöntemler yer almaktadır. Manyetik rezonans elastografi, ultrasonografik görüntüleme, miyotonometri ve elektromyografi iskelet kaslarının pasif mekanik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerdendir. Ultrason elastografi genellikle egzersize yanıt olarak ortaya çıkan akut ve kronik değişikliklerden pennasyon açısı, sertlik, kas kalınlığı ve kan akışı gibi değişkenleri incelemek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Literatürde farklı egzersiz yaklaşımlarından germe ve kuvvetlendirme programlarının fasikül uzunluğu, kas sertliği ve kas kalınlığı gibi kasın mekanik özelliklerinde değişikliklere neden olabildiği görülmektedir.
Kas dokusunun pasif mekanik özellikleri günlük yaşamdaki hareket paternlerinde veya sportif aktivite tipine göre avantaj ve dezavantaj oluşturabilir. Bu derlemede kas dokusunun mekanik özelliklerini değerlendirme yöntemleri ve farklı egzersiz yaklaşımlarının iskelet kasının pasif mekanik özelliklerine etkileri açıklanmaya çalışıldı. Bu bağlamda yaralanmaların önlenmesinde, atletik performansın geliştirilmesi aşamasında veya rehabilitasyon sürecinde, iskelet kasının pasif mekanik özelliklerinin de göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

kas sertliği, ultrason elastografi, fasikül uzunluğu, germe, kuvvetlendirme

Kaynakça

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