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Travmatik Doğumun Doğum Hafızası Üzerine Etkisi: Literatür İncelemesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 342 - 351, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.52369/togusagbilderg.1615682

Öz

Travmatik doğum eylemi, kadının kendisi ve bebeği için doğum eyleminin herhangi bir evresini ölüm tehdidi olarak algılamasıdır. Travmatik doğum oranlarının Dünya çapında yüksek olması sonucunda birçok kadın olumsuz doğum hatıraları yaşamaktadır. Doğum hafızası, kadının uzun süreli hafızasında yer alan ve gerektiğinde hatırlanabilen doğum deneyimidir. Doğum eylemi süresince olumsuz duygular yaşayan kadınların duygularının zamanla yoğunlaşıp arttığı, olumlu duygular yaşayan kadınların zaman içinde duygularının aynı kaldığı bildirilmektedir. Doğum sonrası dönemde kadının ruh sağlığının korunabilmesi için, doğuma ilişkin olumlu anıların zihninde yer etmesi ve doğumu hatırladığında olumlu duygular hissetmesi beklenir. Bu nedenle doğum anılarının ve hatırlamanın önemli olduğu, bu anıların keşfedilmesi gerektiği belirtilmektedir. Doğum eylemi bazı kadınlar için olumlu deneyimle sonuçlanırken bazı kadınlar doğum eylemini travmatik olarak hatırlamaktadır. Bu nedenle travmatik doğumun, kadınların hafızasında önemli etkilere sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir ancak literatürde yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu derleme, travmatik doğumun, doğum hafızası üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, travmatik doğum yaşayan kadınların, doğum sonu dönemde hafıza boşlukları, olumsuz anıları yeniden yaşadıkları ve kadınların 20 yıl sonra bile doğum eylemindeki yapılan müdahaleleri hatırladıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, doğum hafızasının pozitif etkilendiği bir doğumun, doğum sonrası dönemde kadının annelik fonksiyonunu olumlu yönde etkilendiği de belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Olza I, Leahy-Warren P, Benyamini Y, Kazmierczak M, Karlsdottir SI, Spyridou A, et al. Women’s psychological experiences of physiological childbirth: A meta-synthesis. BMJ Open. 2018;8(10):e020347.
  • Vahidi F, Mirghafourvand M, Naseri E, Ghanbari-Homaie S. Birth-related posttraumatic stress disorder and negative childbirth experience related to maternal functioning among adolescent mothers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):371.
  • Aydın N, Yıldız H. Effects of traumatic birth experience and transmission intergenerational Travmatik doğum deneyiminin etkileri ve nesiller arası aktarımı. J Hum Sci. 2018;15(1):604-18.
  • Aannestad M, Herstad M, Severinsson E. A meta‐ethnographic synthesis of qualitative research on women's experience of midwifery care. Nurs Health Sci. 2020;22(2):171-83.
  • Coates D, Thirukumar P, Henry A. Women’s experiences and satisfaction with having a cesarean birth: An integrative review. Birth. 2020;47(2):169-82.
  • Striebich S, Ayerle GM. Fear of childbirth (FOC): pregnant women’s perceptions towards the impending hospital birth and coping resources–a reconstructive study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 2020;41(3):231-9.
  • Nagle U, Naughton S, Ayers S, Cooley S, Duffy RM, Dikmen-Yildiz P. A survey of perceived traumatic birth experiences in an Irish maternity sample–prevalence, risk factors and follow up. Midwifery. 2022;113:103419.
  • Henriksen L, Borgen A, Risløkken J, Lukasse M. Fear of birth: Prevalence, counselling and method of birth at five obstetrical units in Norway. Women Birth. 2020;33(1):97-104
  • Huang D, Dai L, Zeng T, Huang H, Wu M, Yuan M, et al. Exploring contributing factors to psychological traumatic childbirth from the perspective of midwives: A qualitative study. Asian Nurs Res. 2019;13(4):270-6.
  • Beck CT, Watson S. Impact of birth trauma on breast-feeding: a tale of two pathways. Nurs Res. 2008;57(4):228-36.
  • Döner Şİ, Kul Uçtu A. Travmatik doğum algısına neden olan faktörlerin incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;13(1):203-15.
  • Taheri M, Takian A, Taghizadeh Z, Jafari N, Sarafraz N. Creating a positive perception of childbirth experience: systematic review and meta-analysis of prenatal and intrapartum interventions. Reprod Health. 2018;15:1-13.
  • Leinweber J, Fonstein-Kuipers Y, Thomson G, Karlsdottis S, Nilsson C, Ekström-Bergström A, et al., editors. Developing a woman-centred, inclusive definition of traumatic childbirth experiences. 21st International Normal Labour and Birth Research Conference Denmark–Aarhus 2022 September 12th to 14th 2022; 2022.
  • Altuntuğ K, Kiyak S, Ege E. Relationship between birth memories and recall and perception of traumatic birth in women in the postpartum one-year period and affecting factors. Curr Psychol. 2024;43(1):876-84.
  • Topkara FN, Çağan Ö. Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Derg. 2021;12(3):245-53.
  • Simkin P. Just another day in a woman's life? Women's long‐term perceptions of their first birth experience. Part I. Birth. 1991;18(4):203-10.
  • Lundgren I, Karlsdottir SI, Bondas T. Long-term memories and experiences of childbirth in a Nordic context—a secondary analysis. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2009;4(2):115-28.
  • Molloy E, Biggerstaff D, Sidebotham P. A phenomenological exploration of parenting after birth trauma: Mothers perceptions of the first year. Women Birth. 2021;34(3):278-87.
  • Çankaya S, Bihter A. Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların doğum hafızası ile annelik fonksiyonu arasındaki ilişki. Gevher Nesıbe J Med Health Sci. 2023;8(2):380-8.
  • Crawley R, Wilkie S, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Fenwick J, Cockburn N, et al. Characteristics of memories for traumatic and nontraumatic birth. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2018;32(5):584-91.
  • Ozcalik HB, Aksoy YE. The relationship between maternal functioning and birth memory and trauma. Midwifery. 2024;132:103974.
  • Sarısoy S, Tuğut N. Kadınların doğum hafızası ile doğum sonu depresyonu arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Derg. 2023;8(2):185-92.
  • Kensinger EA, Ford JH. Retrieval of emotional events from memory. Annu Rev Psychol. 2020;71:251-72.
  • Naim M, Katkov M, Romani S, Tsodyks M. Fundamental law of memory recall. Phys Rev Lett. 2020;124(1):018101.
  • Roediger III HL, Tekin E. Recognition memory: Tulving's contributions and some new findings. Neuropsychologia. 2020;139:107350.
  • Takehara K, Noguchi M, Shimane T, Misago C. A longitudinal study of women’s memories of their childbirth experiences at five years postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:1-7.
  • Briddon E, Isaac C, Slade P. The association between involuntary memory and emotional adjustment after childbirth. Br. J. Health Psychol. 2015;20(4):889-903.
  • Hatamleh R, Sinclair M, Kernohan G, Bunting B. Birth memories of Jordanian women: findings from qualitative data. J Res Nurs. 2013;18(3):235-44.
  • Thiel F, Berman Z, Dishy GA, Chan SJ, Seth H, Tokala M, et al. Traumatic memories of childbirth relate to maternal postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2021;77:102342.
  • Crawley R, Wilkie S, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Fenwick J, Cockburn N, Ayers, S. Characteristics of memories for traumatic and nontraumatic birth. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2018;32(5):584-591.
  • Bastos MH, Furuta M, Small R, McKenzie‐McHarg K, Bick D. Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4. Hoffmann L, Banse R. Psychological aspects of childbirth: Evidence for a birth‐related mindset. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2021;51(1):124-51.
  • Aydın R, Aktaş S, Binici DK. Vajinal doğum yapan annelerin doğuma ilişkin travma algısı ile maternal bağlanma düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Bir kesitsel çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2022;11(1):158-69.
  • Mucuk Ö, Özkan H. Travmatik doğum eylemi ve ebelik bakımı. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg. 2021;30(4):218-25.
  • Pop-Jordanova N. (Childbirth-Related Psychological Trauma. Contributions/Prilozi (1857-9345), 2022;43(1).
  • Rodríguez-Almagro J, Hernández-Martínez A, Rodríguez-Almagro D, Quirós-García JM, Martínez-Galiano JM, Gómez-Salgado J. Women’s perceptions of living a traumatic childbirth experience and factors related to a birth experience. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(9):1654.
  • Priddis HS, Keedle H, Dahlen H. The perfect storm of trauma: the experiences of women who have experienced birth trauma and subsequently accessed residential parenting services in Australia. Women Birth. 2018;31(1):17-24.
  • Simpson M, Catling C. Understanding psychological traumatic birth experiences: a literature review. Women Birth. 2016;29(3):203-207.
  • Molloy E, Biggerstaff D, Sidebotham P. A phenomenological exploration of parenting after birth trauma: mothers' perceptions of the first year. Women Birth. 2020.
  • WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Erişim tarihi: 02.03.2025. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/260178/9789241550215-eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • Bartusevičienė E, Kacerauskiene J, Bartusevičius A, Paulionytė M, Nadišauskienė R, Kliučinskas M, Stankeviciute V, Maleckienė L, Railaitė D. Comparison of midwife-led and obstetrician-led care in Lithuania: a retrospective cohort study. Midwifery. 2018;65:67-71.
  • Kyrou M. Mode of delivery and traumatic birth experience – the role of the midwife: a qualitative pilot study. Eleutho. 2023.
  • Kyrou M. Mode of delivery and traumatic birth experience: the role of the midwife. Eur J Midwifery. 2020;4.
  • WHO. World Health Organization. Newborn Mortality.2024. Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2025 Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/newborn-mortality
  • Bingham J, Kala F, Healy M. The impact on midwives and their practice after caring for women who have traumatic childbirths: a systematic review. Birth. 2023.

The Effect of Traumatic Birth on Birth Memory: A Literature Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 342 - 351, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.52369/togusagbilderg.1615682

Öz

Traumatic labour is when a woman perceives any stage of labour as a threat of death for herself and her baby. As a result of the high rates of traumatic labour worldwide, many women experience negative birth memories. The birth memory is the birth experience that takes place in the woman's long-term memory and can be recalled when necessary. It is reported that the emotions of women experiencing negative emotions during labour intensify and increase over time, while the emotions of women experiencing positive emotions remain the same over time. In order to protect the mental health of the woman in the postnatal period, it is expected that positive memories of the birth will take place in her mind and she will feel positive emotions when she remembers the birth. For this reason, it is stated that birth memories and recall are important and these memories should be explored. While labour results in a positive experience for some women, some women remember the birth as traumatic. Therefore, traumatic birth is thought to have important effects on women's memory, but studies in the literature are limited. This review was conducted to examine the effects of traumatic birth on birth memory. As a result of the study, it was determined that women who experienced traumatic birth relive memory gaps and negative memories in the postpartum period and women remember the interventions made during labour even after 20 years. It was also found that birth memory was positively affected.

Kaynakça

  • Olza I, Leahy-Warren P, Benyamini Y, Kazmierczak M, Karlsdottir SI, Spyridou A, et al. Women’s psychological experiences of physiological childbirth: A meta-synthesis. BMJ Open. 2018;8(10):e020347.
  • Vahidi F, Mirghafourvand M, Naseri E, Ghanbari-Homaie S. Birth-related posttraumatic stress disorder and negative childbirth experience related to maternal functioning among adolescent mothers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):371.
  • Aydın N, Yıldız H. Effects of traumatic birth experience and transmission intergenerational Travmatik doğum deneyiminin etkileri ve nesiller arası aktarımı. J Hum Sci. 2018;15(1):604-18.
  • Aannestad M, Herstad M, Severinsson E. A meta‐ethnographic synthesis of qualitative research on women's experience of midwifery care. Nurs Health Sci. 2020;22(2):171-83.
  • Coates D, Thirukumar P, Henry A. Women’s experiences and satisfaction with having a cesarean birth: An integrative review. Birth. 2020;47(2):169-82.
  • Striebich S, Ayerle GM. Fear of childbirth (FOC): pregnant women’s perceptions towards the impending hospital birth and coping resources–a reconstructive study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 2020;41(3):231-9.
  • Nagle U, Naughton S, Ayers S, Cooley S, Duffy RM, Dikmen-Yildiz P. A survey of perceived traumatic birth experiences in an Irish maternity sample–prevalence, risk factors and follow up. Midwifery. 2022;113:103419.
  • Henriksen L, Borgen A, Risløkken J, Lukasse M. Fear of birth: Prevalence, counselling and method of birth at five obstetrical units in Norway. Women Birth. 2020;33(1):97-104
  • Huang D, Dai L, Zeng T, Huang H, Wu M, Yuan M, et al. Exploring contributing factors to psychological traumatic childbirth from the perspective of midwives: A qualitative study. Asian Nurs Res. 2019;13(4):270-6.
  • Beck CT, Watson S. Impact of birth trauma on breast-feeding: a tale of two pathways. Nurs Res. 2008;57(4):228-36.
  • Döner Şİ, Kul Uçtu A. Travmatik doğum algısına neden olan faktörlerin incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;13(1):203-15.
  • Taheri M, Takian A, Taghizadeh Z, Jafari N, Sarafraz N. Creating a positive perception of childbirth experience: systematic review and meta-analysis of prenatal and intrapartum interventions. Reprod Health. 2018;15:1-13.
  • Leinweber J, Fonstein-Kuipers Y, Thomson G, Karlsdottis S, Nilsson C, Ekström-Bergström A, et al., editors. Developing a woman-centred, inclusive definition of traumatic childbirth experiences. 21st International Normal Labour and Birth Research Conference Denmark–Aarhus 2022 September 12th to 14th 2022; 2022.
  • Altuntuğ K, Kiyak S, Ege E. Relationship between birth memories and recall and perception of traumatic birth in women in the postpartum one-year period and affecting factors. Curr Psychol. 2024;43(1):876-84.
  • Topkara FN, Çağan Ö. Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Derg. 2021;12(3):245-53.
  • Simkin P. Just another day in a woman's life? Women's long‐term perceptions of their first birth experience. Part I. Birth. 1991;18(4):203-10.
  • Lundgren I, Karlsdottir SI, Bondas T. Long-term memories and experiences of childbirth in a Nordic context—a secondary analysis. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2009;4(2):115-28.
  • Molloy E, Biggerstaff D, Sidebotham P. A phenomenological exploration of parenting after birth trauma: Mothers perceptions of the first year. Women Birth. 2021;34(3):278-87.
  • Çankaya S, Bihter A. Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların doğum hafızası ile annelik fonksiyonu arasındaki ilişki. Gevher Nesıbe J Med Health Sci. 2023;8(2):380-8.
  • Crawley R, Wilkie S, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Fenwick J, Cockburn N, et al. Characteristics of memories for traumatic and nontraumatic birth. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2018;32(5):584-91.
  • Ozcalik HB, Aksoy YE. The relationship between maternal functioning and birth memory and trauma. Midwifery. 2024;132:103974.
  • Sarısoy S, Tuğut N. Kadınların doğum hafızası ile doğum sonu depresyonu arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Derg. 2023;8(2):185-92.
  • Kensinger EA, Ford JH. Retrieval of emotional events from memory. Annu Rev Psychol. 2020;71:251-72.
  • Naim M, Katkov M, Romani S, Tsodyks M. Fundamental law of memory recall. Phys Rev Lett. 2020;124(1):018101.
  • Roediger III HL, Tekin E. Recognition memory: Tulving's contributions and some new findings. Neuropsychologia. 2020;139:107350.
  • Takehara K, Noguchi M, Shimane T, Misago C. A longitudinal study of women’s memories of their childbirth experiences at five years postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:1-7.
  • Briddon E, Isaac C, Slade P. The association between involuntary memory and emotional adjustment after childbirth. Br. J. Health Psychol. 2015;20(4):889-903.
  • Hatamleh R, Sinclair M, Kernohan G, Bunting B. Birth memories of Jordanian women: findings from qualitative data. J Res Nurs. 2013;18(3):235-44.
  • Thiel F, Berman Z, Dishy GA, Chan SJ, Seth H, Tokala M, et al. Traumatic memories of childbirth relate to maternal postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2021;77:102342.
  • Crawley R, Wilkie S, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Fenwick J, Cockburn N, Ayers, S. Characteristics of memories for traumatic and nontraumatic birth. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2018;32(5):584-591.
  • Bastos MH, Furuta M, Small R, McKenzie‐McHarg K, Bick D. Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;4. Hoffmann L, Banse R. Psychological aspects of childbirth: Evidence for a birth‐related mindset. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2021;51(1):124-51.
  • Aydın R, Aktaş S, Binici DK. Vajinal doğum yapan annelerin doğuma ilişkin travma algısı ile maternal bağlanma düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Bir kesitsel çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Derg. 2022;11(1):158-69.
  • Mucuk Ö, Özkan H. Travmatik doğum eylemi ve ebelik bakımı. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg. 2021;30(4):218-25.
  • Pop-Jordanova N. (Childbirth-Related Psychological Trauma. Contributions/Prilozi (1857-9345), 2022;43(1).
  • Rodríguez-Almagro J, Hernández-Martínez A, Rodríguez-Almagro D, Quirós-García JM, Martínez-Galiano JM, Gómez-Salgado J. Women’s perceptions of living a traumatic childbirth experience and factors related to a birth experience. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(9):1654.
  • Priddis HS, Keedle H, Dahlen H. The perfect storm of trauma: the experiences of women who have experienced birth trauma and subsequently accessed residential parenting services in Australia. Women Birth. 2018;31(1):17-24.
  • Simpson M, Catling C. Understanding psychological traumatic birth experiences: a literature review. Women Birth. 2016;29(3):203-207.
  • Molloy E, Biggerstaff D, Sidebotham P. A phenomenological exploration of parenting after birth trauma: mothers' perceptions of the first year. Women Birth. 2020.
  • WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Erişim tarihi: 02.03.2025. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/260178/9789241550215-eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • Bartusevičienė E, Kacerauskiene J, Bartusevičius A, Paulionytė M, Nadišauskienė R, Kliučinskas M, Stankeviciute V, Maleckienė L, Railaitė D. Comparison of midwife-led and obstetrician-led care in Lithuania: a retrospective cohort study. Midwifery. 2018;65:67-71.
  • Kyrou M. Mode of delivery and traumatic birth experience – the role of the midwife: a qualitative pilot study. Eleutho. 2023.
  • Kyrou M. Mode of delivery and traumatic birth experience: the role of the midwife. Eur J Midwifery. 2020;4.
  • WHO. World Health Organization. Newborn Mortality.2024. Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2025 Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/newborn-mortality
  • Bingham J, Kala F, Healy M. The impact on midwives and their practice after caring for women who have traumatic childbirths: a systematic review. Birth. 2023.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Doğumun Psikososyal Yönleri ve Perinatal Ruh Sağlığı
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Şerife İrem Döner 0000-0002-0052-4133

Gizem Aydemir 0000-0002-2962-4816

Meltem Uğurlu 0000-0002-9183-219X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Döner Şİ, Aydemir G, Uğurlu M. Travmatik Doğumun Doğum Hafızası Üzerine Etkisi: Literatür İncelemesi. TOGÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;5(3):342-51.