COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİ SÜRECİNDE TÜRK KADINLARINDA SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞI VE EVLİLİK UYUMU ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 287 - 300, 30.09.2025
Sena Kaplan
,
İlknur Gönenç
,
Özlem Seymen
Öz
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı COVID-19 salgını sırasında Türk kadınlarında evlilik uyumu ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte, 480 kadın ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri sosyo-demografik özellikler formu, Evlilik Uyum Ölçeği ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılık Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu (SMAS-AF) kullanılarak çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcılar pandemi öncesine göre sosyal medyayı daha fazla kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir (p< .001). Ancak yüksek SMAS-AF puanlarına sahip değillerdir. Sonuçlar, pandeminin evlilik uyum düzeylerini etkilemediğini göstermektedir. (p> .05). Pandemi sırasında COVID-19 korkusu ile evlilik uyumu arasında negatif bir ilişki vardır (p< .05). Ayrıca evlilik uyumu ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p> .05).
Sonuç: Pandemiden bu yana kadınlar sosyal medyayı daha fazla kullanıyor olsalar da evlilik uyumlarını olumsuz etkilememiştir. Üstelik COVID-19 korkusu, evlilik uyumunu pandemiden daha fazla etkilemiştir. Sosyal medyanın bilinçli kullanımı evlilik uyumunu etkilemeyebilir hatta destekleyebilir. Bu nedenle yetkililer, çiftleri sosyal medya kullanımı konusunda bilinçlendirmeli ve COVID-19 korkularını yenmelerine yardımcı olmak için onlara profesyonel ve toplum temelli kriz odaklı psikolojik hizmetler sağlamalıdır.
Kaynakça
-
Fiorillo A, Gorwood P. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice. Eur Psychiatry. 2020; 63(1):1-2.
-
Pietromonaco PR, Overall NC. Applying relationship science to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic may impact couples' relationships. Am Psychol. 2021;76(3):438-450.
-
Usher K, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Gyamfi N, Jackson D. Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2020;29(4):549-552.
-
Merchant RM, Lurie N. Social media and emergency preparedness in response to novel coronavirus. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2011-2012.
-
Wong A, Ho S, Olusanya O, Antonini MV, Lyness D. The use of social media and online communications in times of pandemic COVID-19. J Intensive Care Soc.2021; 22(3):255-260.
-
DataReportal. Digital 2025: Turkey [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 4]. Available from: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-turkey
-
Wiederhold BK. Using social media to our advantage: alleviating anxiety during a pandemic. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020; 23(4):197–198.
-
Andreassen CS, Pallesen S. Social network site addiction - an overview. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(25):4053-4061.
-
Dilber F. Social media in domestic communication: a review on the students of Karamanoglu Mehmetbey Unıversıty. Adıyaman University Journal of Social Sciences Institute. 2019; 12(33):334-381.
-
Güleç V. Family relations, social media, along with the collapse. E-Journal of New Media – eJNM. 2018; 2(1):105-120.
-
Villegas A. The influence of technology on family Dynamics. Proceedings of The New York State Communication Association. 2013; (10): 1-17.
-
Yalçın M, Yalçın M. Correlation between social media usage and intra family communication: a research on students of university. The Journal of International Social Research. 2018; 11(57):738-743.
-
Yapıcı S. Relationship between family and education in the turkish society. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages. Turkish Studies-Language and Literature. 2010; 5(8):1544-70.
-
American Psychological Association. Marital adjustment. [Internet]. Retrieved on September, 12, 2024. Available from: https://dictionary.apa.org/marital-adjustment
-
Cauberghe V, Van, Wesenbeeck I, De Jans S, Hudders L, Ponnet K. How adolescents use social media to cope with feelings of loneliness and anxiety during covıd-19 lockdown. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2021; 24(4):250-257.
-
Martínez-Líbano J, Yeomans MM. Couples satisfaction during the covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Psychol Educ. 2021;58(5):1848-60.
-
Zhao N, Zhou G. COVID-19 Stress and Addictive Social Media Use (SMU): Mediating Role of Active Use and Social Media Flow. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12:635546.
-
Wenham C, Smith J, Morgan R. Gender and COVID-19 Working Group. COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227):846-848.
-
Kublay D, Oktan V. Marital adjustment: the examination in terms of value preferences and subjective happiness. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2015; 5 (44):25-35.
-
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE). Retrieved on September, 12, 2024. Available from: https:// www.strobe-statement.org/
-
Artan T, Atak I, Ofluoğlu A, Türk H, Ünlü DA. Study Of Relationship Satisfaction And Relationship Disaffection During Covid-19 Pandemic. Aurum Journal of Social Sciences, 2021;6 (1):25-40.
-
Prime H, Wade M, Browne DT. Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am Psychol, 2020;75(5):631-643.
-
Döner D, Reşorlu H, Zateri C, Şahin B, Ertekin H, Oymak S. An evaluation of sexual functions and marital adjustment in female patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Turk J Osteoporos. 2019;25(1):23-7.
-
Tutarel-Kışlak Ş. Reliability and validity study of the marriage adjustment scale. 3P Journal of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychopharmacology. 1999;7(1):50-57.
-
Şahin C, Yağcı M. Social media addiction scale - adult form: the reliability and validity study. Journal of Ahi Evran University Kirsehir Education Faculty. 2017;18(1): 523-538.
-
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed. Boston (MA): Allyn & Bacon; 2007.
-
Dancey CP, Reidy J. Statistics without Maths for Psychology. 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2007.
-
Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res.2020; 29(4):e13074.
-
Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, et al. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One. 2020; 15(4).
-
Turkish Statistical Institute. Women in statistics [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 June 4]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Women-in-Statistics-2020-37221
-
Shin LM, Liberzon I. The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):169-191.
-
Reizer A, Koslowsky M, Geffen L. Living in fear: The relationship between fear of COVID-19, distress, health, and marital satisfaction among Israeli women. Health Care Women Int. 2020;41(11-12):1273-1293.
-
Fox J, Warber KM. Social networking sites in romantic relationships: attachment, uncertainty, and partner surveillance on Facebook. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014; 17(1):3-7.
-
Abbasi IS. Social media addiction in romantic relationships: Does user's age influence vulnerability to social media infidelity? Personality and Individual Differences. 2019;139:277-280.
-
Arikewuyo AO, Eluwole KK, Özad B. Influence of lack of trust on romantic relationship problems: the mediating role of partner cell phone snooping. Psychol Rep. 2021;124(1):348-365.
-
Demircioglu ZI, Goncu Kose A. Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. Düsünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2020;33:8-18.
-
Yacoub C, Spoede J, Cutting R, Hawley D. The impact of social media on romantic relationships. Journal of Education and Social Development. 2018;2(2):53-58.
-
Keldal G, Kılıç N. Investigating the associations between social media addiction, marital beliefs, and attitudes toward cohabitation during emerging adulthood. Marriage & Family. 2021;57(8):764–779.
-
Demir-Erbil D, Hazer O. Examination of married and working individuals’ marital adjustment. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture. 2018;5: 99-116.
-
Lee JY, Kim JS, Kim SS, et al. Relationship between health behaviors and marital adjustment and marital intimacy in multicultural family female immigrants. Korean J Fam Med. 2019;40(1):31-38.
-
Tabakcı Z, Parlar H. The effect of ethnicity on marital adjustment [in Turkish]. Acad Plarform J Educ Chang. 2018;1(2):57–77.
-
Jose O, Alfons V. Do demographics affect marital satisfaction? J Sex Marital Ther. 2007;33(1):73-85.
-
Mutlu B, Erkut Z, Yıldırım Z, Gündoğdu NA. Review on the relationship between marital adjustment and maternal attachment. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2018; 64(3):243-252.
-
Akhter S. An analysis of the differences of marital adjustment among educated career and non-career women in Bangladesh. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. 2021;8(2):372-379.
-
Jamabo T, Ordu SN. Marital adjustment of working class and non-working class women in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling. 2012;4(10), 123-126.
-
Lin LY, Sidani JE, Shensa A, Radovic A, Miller E, Colditz JB, et al. Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33(4):323–31.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT IN TURKISH WOMEN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 287 - 300, 30.09.2025
Sena Kaplan
,
İlknur Gönenç
,
Özlem Seymen
Öz
Aim: This study explored the association between marital adjustment and social media addiction among Turkish women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: This descriptive study included a sample of 480 women. Data were collected online using a socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), and the Social Media Addiction Scale-Adult Form (SMAS-AF).
Results: Participants reported increased social media usage during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (p < .001), although their SMAS-AF scores were not high. The findings indicated that marital adjustment levels were not significantly impacted by the pandemic (p > .05). A negative correlation was observed between fear of COVID-19 and marital adjustment during the pandemic (p < .05). However, no significant relationship was found between marital adjustment and social media addiction (p > .05).
Conclusion: While social media usage increased during the pandemic, it did not adversely affect marital adjustment. Fear of COVID-19 appeared to have a greater influence on marital adjustment than the pandemic itself. Promoting the mindful use of social media could potentially support marital harmony. Therefore, authorities should focus on raising awareness about social media use and offering professional, community-based psychological support to help couples manage their fear of COVID-19.
Kaynakça
-
Fiorillo A, Gorwood P. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice. Eur Psychiatry. 2020; 63(1):1-2.
-
Pietromonaco PR, Overall NC. Applying relationship science to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic may impact couples' relationships. Am Psychol. 2021;76(3):438-450.
-
Usher K, Bhullar N, Durkin J, Gyamfi N, Jackson D. Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2020;29(4):549-552.
-
Merchant RM, Lurie N. Social media and emergency preparedness in response to novel coronavirus. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2011-2012.
-
Wong A, Ho S, Olusanya O, Antonini MV, Lyness D. The use of social media and online communications in times of pandemic COVID-19. J Intensive Care Soc.2021; 22(3):255-260.
-
DataReportal. Digital 2025: Turkey [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jun 4]. Available from: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-turkey
-
Wiederhold BK. Using social media to our advantage: alleviating anxiety during a pandemic. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2020; 23(4):197–198.
-
Andreassen CS, Pallesen S. Social network site addiction - an overview. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(25):4053-4061.
-
Dilber F. Social media in domestic communication: a review on the students of Karamanoglu Mehmetbey Unıversıty. Adıyaman University Journal of Social Sciences Institute. 2019; 12(33):334-381.
-
Güleç V. Family relations, social media, along with the collapse. E-Journal of New Media – eJNM. 2018; 2(1):105-120.
-
Villegas A. The influence of technology on family Dynamics. Proceedings of The New York State Communication Association. 2013; (10): 1-17.
-
Yalçın M, Yalçın M. Correlation between social media usage and intra family communication: a research on students of university. The Journal of International Social Research. 2018; 11(57):738-743.
-
Yapıcı S. Relationship between family and education in the turkish society. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages. Turkish Studies-Language and Literature. 2010; 5(8):1544-70.
-
American Psychological Association. Marital adjustment. [Internet]. Retrieved on September, 12, 2024. Available from: https://dictionary.apa.org/marital-adjustment
-
Cauberghe V, Van, Wesenbeeck I, De Jans S, Hudders L, Ponnet K. How adolescents use social media to cope with feelings of loneliness and anxiety during covıd-19 lockdown. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2021; 24(4):250-257.
-
Martínez-Líbano J, Yeomans MM. Couples satisfaction during the covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Psychol Educ. 2021;58(5):1848-60.
-
Zhao N, Zhou G. COVID-19 Stress and Addictive Social Media Use (SMU): Mediating Role of Active Use and Social Media Flow. Front Psychiatry. 2021; 12:635546.
-
Wenham C, Smith J, Morgan R. Gender and COVID-19 Working Group. COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227):846-848.
-
Kublay D, Oktan V. Marital adjustment: the examination in terms of value preferences and subjective happiness. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal. 2015; 5 (44):25-35.
-
Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE). Retrieved on September, 12, 2024. Available from: https:// www.strobe-statement.org/
-
Artan T, Atak I, Ofluoğlu A, Türk H, Ünlü DA. Study Of Relationship Satisfaction And Relationship Disaffection During Covid-19 Pandemic. Aurum Journal of Social Sciences, 2021;6 (1):25-40.
-
Prime H, Wade M, Browne DT. Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am Psychol, 2020;75(5):631-643.
-
Döner D, Reşorlu H, Zateri C, Şahin B, Ertekin H, Oymak S. An evaluation of sexual functions and marital adjustment in female patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Turk J Osteoporos. 2019;25(1):23-7.
-
Tutarel-Kışlak Ş. Reliability and validity study of the marriage adjustment scale. 3P Journal of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychopharmacology. 1999;7(1):50-57.
-
Şahin C, Yağcı M. Social media addiction scale - adult form: the reliability and validity study. Journal of Ahi Evran University Kirsehir Education Faculty. 2017;18(1): 523-538.
-
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed. Boston (MA): Allyn & Bacon; 2007.
-
Dancey CP, Reidy J. Statistics without Maths for Psychology. 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education; 2007.
-
Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res.2020; 29(4):e13074.
-
Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, et al. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One. 2020; 15(4).
-
Turkish Statistical Institute. Women in statistics [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 June 4]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Women-in-Statistics-2020-37221
-
Shin LM, Liberzon I. The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010;35(1):169-191.
-
Reizer A, Koslowsky M, Geffen L. Living in fear: The relationship between fear of COVID-19, distress, health, and marital satisfaction among Israeli women. Health Care Women Int. 2020;41(11-12):1273-1293.
-
Fox J, Warber KM. Social networking sites in romantic relationships: attachment, uncertainty, and partner surveillance on Facebook. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014; 17(1):3-7.
-
Abbasi IS. Social media addiction in romantic relationships: Does user's age influence vulnerability to social media infidelity? Personality and Individual Differences. 2019;139:277-280.
-
Arikewuyo AO, Eluwole KK, Özad B. Influence of lack of trust on romantic relationship problems: the mediating role of partner cell phone snooping. Psychol Rep. 2021;124(1):348-365.
-
Demircioglu ZI, Goncu Kose A. Mediating effects of self-esteem in the relationship between attachment styles and social media addiction among university students. Düsünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2020;33:8-18.
-
Yacoub C, Spoede J, Cutting R, Hawley D. The impact of social media on romantic relationships. Journal of Education and Social Development. 2018;2(2):53-58.
-
Keldal G, Kılıç N. Investigating the associations between social media addiction, marital beliefs, and attitudes toward cohabitation during emerging adulthood. Marriage & Family. 2021;57(8):764–779.
-
Demir-Erbil D, Hazer O. Examination of married and working individuals’ marital adjustment. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture. 2018;5: 99-116.
-
Lee JY, Kim JS, Kim SS, et al. Relationship between health behaviors and marital adjustment and marital intimacy in multicultural family female immigrants. Korean J Fam Med. 2019;40(1):31-38.
-
Tabakcı Z, Parlar H. The effect of ethnicity on marital adjustment [in Turkish]. Acad Plarform J Educ Chang. 2018;1(2):57–77.
-
Jose O, Alfons V. Do demographics affect marital satisfaction? J Sex Marital Ther. 2007;33(1):73-85.
-
Mutlu B, Erkut Z, Yıldırım Z, Gündoğdu NA. Review on the relationship between marital adjustment and maternal attachment. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2018; 64(3):243-252.
-
Akhter S. An analysis of the differences of marital adjustment among educated career and non-career women in Bangladesh. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. 2021;8(2):372-379.
-
Jamabo T, Ordu SN. Marital adjustment of working class and non-working class women in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling. 2012;4(10), 123-126.
-
Lin LY, Sidani JE, Shensa A, Radovic A, Miller E, Colditz JB, et al. Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33(4):323–31.