FROM MISOGYNY TO MISANDRY: THE PHENOMENON OF GENDER-BASED HATRED IN CINEMA

Yıl 2024, , 398 - 412, 01.04.2024

Mustafa Özer Özkantar

https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1413198

Öz

Cinema has been one of the most prominent arts in terms of gender interactions and the way it deals with male and female roles is multifaceted and complex. Cinema includes lots of socio-economical and cultural attributions with its own contexts and it approaches transformations and alterations elaborately. In this regard, two of the theme’s cinema is particularly interested in are misogyny and misandry which are the issues containing hatred, violence, fear and death and are closely related to ideology and its extensions over women. At this point, the main concern of this study is to make out how cinema focuses on this gender-based hatred and to investigate its basic cause. Thus, I have chosen four American films whose names are “MS. 45" (1981), "Monster" (2003), "I Spit on Your Grave" (2010) and "M.F.A." (2017) containing misogyny and misandry at the same time have been selected and analysed them with a feminist approach with the aid of discourses and incident sequences and reviewed in order to grasp whether this ancient hatred stems from phallocentric and toxic masculinity. The films have been selected with purposeful sampling method and the themes have been reviewed in a detailed way. The analysis has indicated that the reason for misogyny is not one-sided and originally linked with patriarchal and heteronormative expectations, while misandry is like a revenge story and ensues from a masculine stance and its historical persecution towards women.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cinema, Hatred, Gender, Misogyny, Misandry

MİZOJİNİZMDEN MİZANDRİYE SİNEMADA TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET TEMELLİ NEFRET OLGUSU

Öz

Toplumsal cinsiyet etkileşimleri açısından en öne çıkan sanatlardan biri olan sinemanın kadın ve erkek rollerini ele alış biçimi çok yönlü ve karmaşıktır. Sinema kendi bağlamlarıyla beraber pek çok sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel göndermeyi içermekte, dönüşümlere ve başkalaşımlara özenle yaklaşmaktadır. Bu bağlamda sinemanın özellikle ilgilendiği temalardan ikisi nefret, şiddet, korku ve ölüm içeren, ideoloji ve onun kadınlar üzerindeki uzantılarıyla yakından ilişkili konular olan kadın düşmanlığı ve erkek düşmanlığıdır. Bu noktada bu çalışmanın temel amacı, sinemanın bu cinsiyet temelli nefrete nasıl odaklandığını ortaya koymak ve bunun temel nedenini araştırmaktır. Bu nedenle, "MS. 45" (1981), "Monster" (2003), "I Spit on Your Grave" (2010) ve "M.F.A." (2017) isimli, kadın düşmanlığı ve erkek düşmanlığını aynı anda barındıran dört Amerikan filmi seçilmiş ve bu kadim nefretin fallosentrik ve toksik erkeklikten kaynaklanıp kaynaklanmadığını kavramak adına söylemler ve sekanslar yardımıyla ismi geçen yapımlar feminist bir yaklaşımla analiz edilmiştir. Filmler amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş ve temalar detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. İlgili analiz, kadın düşmanlığının nedeninin tek taraflı olmadığını ve aslında ataerkil ve heteronormatif beklentilerle bağlantılı olduğunu ortaya koymuş, kadın düşmanlığının ise bir intikam hikayesine benzediğini ve eril bir duruştan ve bu duruşun kadınlara yönelik tarihsel zulmünden kaynaklandığını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sinema, Nefret, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Kadın Düşmanlığı, Erkek Düşmanlığı

Kaynakça

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