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A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING

Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3 1 Temmuz 2026
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A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING

Öz

This study aims to examine alla prima and plein air techniques within the tradition of oil painting through a comparative framework. Although both approaches are often associated with notions of immediacy and direct expression, they are grounded in distinct historical, technical, and contextual criteria. Alla prima is defined as a wet-on-wet painting method, typically executed in a single session, in which pigment is applied directly onto still-wet layers without waiting for drying. Plein air, by contrast, refers to the practice of painting outdoors in direct response to changing conditions of light and atmosphere. The study is structured through a qualitative research approach that combines a review of technical art history literature with comparative visual analyses of selected representative works. The findings reveal that, despite their conceptual and methodological distinctions, these two approaches frequently intersect at the level of practice. The temporal and environmental conditions inherent to working outdoors often necessitate wet-on-wet application, leading to a technical overlap between plein air practice and alla prima methods. Both approaches result in similar outcomes, such as the use of open surfaces, a preference for small-scale supports, limited working time, and a tendency toward compositional simplification. Nevertheless, while alla prima foregrounds material handling, brushwork, and surface intervention, plein air emphasizes perceptual sensitivity, light relationships, and environmental responsiveness. The study ultimately considers the continued presence of these techniques in pedagogical contexts and contemporary painting practices as evidence of their enduring significance as intersecting methodological frameworks within painting.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alla Prima, Plein Air, Painting Techniques

Kaynakça

  1. Bomford, D., Leighton, J., Kirby, J., & Roy, A. (1991). Impressionism: Art in the Making. Yale University Press.
  2. Callen, A. (2000). The Art of Impressionism: Painting Technique & the Making of Modernity. Yale University Press.
  3. Colalucci, G. (1987). The Frescoes of Michelangelo on the Vault of the Sistine Chapel: Original Technique and Conservation. The Conservation of Wall Paintings (pp. 67-76). London: Tien Wah Press, Ltd.
  4. Corot, J.-B.-C. (n.d.). Avignon from the West. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/jean-baptiste-camille-corot-avignon-from-the-west. The National Gallery, London.
  5. Dabrowski, M. (1999). French Landscape: The Modern Vision 1880-1920. New York: The Museum of Modern Art.
  6. Doerner, M. (1984). The Materials of the Artist and Their Use in Painting, with Notes on the Techniques of the Old Masters. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  7. East, A. (2013). The Art of Landscape Painting in Oil Colour. London: Forgotten Books .
  8. Elliott, V. (2019). Traditional Oil Painting: Advanced Techniques and Concepts from the Renaissance to the Present. New York: Echo Point Books & Media, LLC.
  9. Gage, J. (1999). Color and Culture:Practice and Meaning from Antiquity to Abstraction. University of California Press.
  10. Gury, A. (2009). Alla Prima: A Contemporary Guide to Traditional Direct Painting. Watson-Guptill.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Reisoğlu, D. (2026). A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING. The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 16(3), 1731-1745. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1929403
AMA
1.Reisoğlu D. A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING. TOJDAC. 2026;16(3):1731-1745. doi:10.7456/tojdac.1929403
Chicago
Reisoğlu, Deniz. 2026. “A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING”. The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication 16 (3): 1731-45. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1929403.
EndNote
Reisoğlu D (01 Temmuz 2026) A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING. The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication 16 3 1731–1745.
IEEE
[1]D. Reisoğlu, “A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING”, TOJDAC, c. 16, sy 3, ss. 1731–1745, Tem. 2026, doi: 10.7456/tojdac.1929403.
ISNAD
Reisoğlu, Deniz. “A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING”. The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication 16/3 (01 Temmuz 2026): 1731-1745. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1929403.
JAMA
1.Reisoğlu D. A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING. TOJDAC. 2026;16:1731–1745.
MLA
Reisoğlu, Deniz. “A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING”. The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, c. 16, sy 3, Temmuz 2026, ss. 1731-45, doi:10.7456/tojdac.1929403.
Vancouver
1.Deniz Reisoğlu. A COMPARATIVE INQUIRY INTO ALLA PRIMA AND PLEIN AIR TECHNIQUES IN PAINTING. TOJDAC. 01 Temmuz 2026;16(3):1731-45. doi:10.7456/tojdac.1929403