AFET SONRASI KALICI KONUT UYGULAMALARINDA BAŞARI FAKTÖRLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: TÜRKİYE DEPREMLERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 115 - 130, 01.01.2021

Fatma Kürüm Varolgüneş

Öz

Afet sonrasında oluşturulan yerleşimlerin sosyal, ekonomik ve fiziksel boyutlarının araştırılması, deprem bölgeleri için yeniden yapılanma önerileri sunulabilecektir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile uzun vadeli başarıyı etkileyen faktörler kullanıcı memnuniyeti dikkate alınarak irdelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler çeşitli diyagram kullanımıyla belli sayıya indirgenmiş ve gruplanmıştır. Literatürden elde edilen nitel veriler, Türkiye’den seçilmiş dokuz deprem bölgesi üzerinde model eşleştirme ve içerik analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırma ile uzun vadeli (50 yıl gibi) memnuniyete (veya eksikliğe) etki eden göstergeleri ortaya koymak, yeni çalışmalara ışık tutacaktır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda Türkiye’de, deprem sonrası yeniden yapılanmada, afetzedelerin kırsal kimliğinin, yaşam tarzının ve iş olanaklarının konut inşasında yeterince dikkate alınmadığı tespit edilmiştir. 1970 yılından 2020 yılına kadar geçen 50 yıl içerisinde yapılan afet konutlarının çoğunun yerel dokudan izler taşımadığı görülmektedir. Analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, yeni yerleşim alanları oluşturulurken çevresel işlevleri ve sosyo-ekonomik yapıyı bütünleştiren bir sistem yaklaşımı kullanmalıdır. Bu bütüncül yaklaşım, dayanıklı kalıcı ev üretimine, toplum temelli ölçütlerin de dâhil edilmesini sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet yönetimi, Afet sonrası kalıcı konutlar, Yeniden yerleşim, Başarı faktörleri, Türkiye depremleri

SUCCESS FACTORS FOR POST‐DISASTER PERMANENT HOUSING: EXAMPLE OF TURKISH EARTHQUAKES

Öz

Rebuilding suggestions for earthquake zones have been presented by investigating the social, economic and physical characteristics of the settlements formed after the disasters. In this study, firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to determine long-term satisfaction indicators for permanent housing use in resettlement areas. The data obtained are grouped with hierarchy and affinity diagrams. Qualitative data obtained from the literature were analyzed on nine settlements previously exposed to earthquakes in Turkey. With this research, determining the indicators that affect long-term satisfaction (such as 50 years) will contribute to new research. As a result, it has been determined that the identity, lifestyle and employment opportunities of the victims are not taken into account in housing construction in Turkey in post-earthquake reconstruction. It was observed that most of the disaster housings built in the 50 years between 1970 and 2020 do not carry the traces of the local texture. According to the results of the analysis, a system approach that integrates environmental functions and socio-economic structure should be used while creating new residential areas. This holistic approach will ensure that community-based indicators are also included in the production of permanent housing. This study offers an important contribution in terms of determination of indicators influencing long-term satisfaction in resettlement programs by drawing attention to physical, social, cultural and economic factors in terms of permanent housings built after earthquakes in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster management, Post-disaster permanent housing, Resettlements, Success factors, Turkish earthquake

Kaynakça

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