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A CONCEPTUAL ASSESSMENT OF SPONSORSHIP ACTIVITIES AND MACRO ELEMENTS AFFECTING SUCCESS IN FOOTBALL

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 555 - 570, 01.04.2021

Öz

Football is an important sport that today attracts large audiences. Because of this interest in football, this sport has been the subject of academic studies of many disciplines in the Social Sciences. Sponsorship activities are an important application used for different purposes and goals in communication strategies for businesses, especially in public relations, marketing and Communication Studies. Today, when we examined the areas where businesses will be carried out for sponsorship, sports fields, in sports, especially football, is offering significant opportunities for businesses and an area that appears to be effective in reaching their target audience. In this study, the focus was on the dynamics affecting success in sponsorship practices in football for businesses. The main aim of our research is to contribute to the literature by making a conceptual assessment of the main factors affecting success in football sponsorship studies. In this context, the literature review method was used in our research. As a result of the assessment activities to be considered in its sponsorship in football Key Points: your target audience is identified to do with football, businesses, media effectiveness, which will be nothing to do with the sponsorship of the football sponsorship football player or football club's image and given support, which will be discussed as a type of activity performed and evaluated.

Kaynakça

  • Alexandris, K., Tsaousi, E., & James, J. (2007). Predicting sponsorship outcomes from attitudinal constructs: The case of a professional basketball event. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 16(3), 130-139.
  • Alver, F. (2008). Kapitalist üretim sürecinde ırkçılık, futbol ve medya. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (26), 223-248.
  • Andrews, J. (2015). Sponsorship Spending Report: Where the Dollars Are Going and Trends for 2015. https://www.sponsorship.com/ieg/files/4e/4e525456-b2b1-4049-bd51-03d9c35ac507. Erişim Tarihi: 8.12.2020.
  • Apostolopoulou, A., & Papadimitriou, D. (2004). "Welcome home": Motivations and objectives of the 2004 Grand National Olympic sponsors. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(4), 180-192.
  • Argan, M. (2007). Eğlence pazarlaması. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. Arık, B. (2008). Futbol ve televizyon bağı: Simbiyoz beslenme. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (26), 197-222.
  • Arthur, D., Scott, D., Woods, T., & Booker, R. (1998). Sport sponsorship should... a process model for the effective implementation and management of sport sponsorship programmes. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 7(4), 49-60. Aydın, B. M., Hatipoğlu, D., & Ceyhan, Ç. (2008). Endüstriyel futbol çağında “taraftarlık”. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (26), 289-316.
  • Bergkvist, L. (2012). The Flipside of the sponsorship coin: Do you still buy the beer when the brewer underwrites a rival team? Journal of Advertising, 52(1), 65-73.
  • Chadwick, River, N. J., S., & Thwaites, D. (2006). Distinguishing between short-term and long-term commitment in football shirt sponsorship programmes: towards a matrix of management implications. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 7(3), 163-179.
  • Chadwick, S. (2004). Determinants of Commitment in the Professional Football Club/Shirt Sponsor Dyad. (Degree of PhD, thesis). Leeds: The University of Leeds, Leeds University Business School.
  • Cornwell, T. B., Weeks, C. S., & Roy, D. P. (2005). Sponsorship-linked marketing: Opening the black box. Journal of Advertising, 34(2), 21-42.
  • DeGaris, L., West, C., & Dodds, M. (2009). Leveraging and activating NASCAR sponsorships with NASCAR-linked sales promotions. Journal of Sponsorship, 3(1), 88-97.
  • Desbordes, M. (2007a). Introduction: new directions for marketing in football, M. Desbordes (Ed.) Marketing and Football: An international perspective, Burlington: Elsevier, s. 1-16. Desbordes, M. (2007b). The role of management control in French football’s regulation – a unique model that can be exported?, M. Desbordes (Ed.) Marketing and Football: An international perspective, Burlington: Elsevier, s. 85-107.
  • Doğan, İ. (2018). Kurumsal İmaj Oluşturmada Sponsorluk Uygulamaları: Vodafone Örneği Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Erdoğan, İ. (2008). Futbol ve futbolu inceleme üzerine. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 1-58. Farrelly, F., & Quester, P. (2005). Examining important relationship quality constructs of the focal sponsorship exchange. Industrial Marketing Management, 3(34), 211-219.
  • FIFA. (2018). Financal Report. https://www.fifa.com/what-we-do/governance/finances/ Erişim Tarihi: 25.12.2020.
  • FIFA. (2020). https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/2014-fifa-world-cuptm-reached-3-2-billion-viewers-one-billion-watched--2745519#:~:text=World%20Cup%E2%84%A2-,2014%20FIFA%20World%20Cup%E2%84%A2%20reached,viewers%2C%20one%20billion%20watched%20final&text=More%20than%20on. Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2020.
  • Getz, D. (2007). Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Goldblatt, D. (2006). The ball is round a global history of the soccer. London: Penguin Books Ltd.
  • IEG. (2019). https://www.sponsorship.com/About/Sponsorship-Blogs/Sponsorship-Blog/May-2019/Sponsorship-Spending-on-the-NHL-Grows-6-6--for-the.aspx. Erişim Tarihi: 19.11.2020.
  • IEG.(2015).https://www.fenderbender.com/ext/resources/pdfs/a/f/t/AftermarketAdvisor_Whitepaper_0315.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 19.11.2020.
  • Jahadi, K., & Acikdilli, G. (2009). Marketing communications and corporate social responsibility (CSR): marriage of convenience or shotgun wedding? Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1), 103-113.
  • Jalleh, G., Donovan, R. J., Corti, B. G., & Holman, D. J. (2002). Sponsorship: impact on brand awareness and brand attitudes. SMQ, 8(1), 35-45. Koçyi̇ği̇t, M., & Küçükci̇vi̇l, B. (2018). Pazarlama amaçlı sponsorluk etkinlikleri ile tüketici temelli marka değeri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Bir Türk markası üzerine tüketici araştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, (55), 113-141.
  • Koller, C., & Brändle, F. (2002). Goal! : A cultural and social history of modern football. (D. S. Bachrach, Çev.) Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press.
  • KPMG.(2020).https://footballbenchmark.com/library/stadium_sponsorship_an_unexploited_field_of_play. Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2020.
  • Lamont, M., & Dowell, R. (2008). A process model of small and medium enterprise sponsorship of regional sport tourism events. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13(4), 253-266. Lough, N. L., & Irwin, R. L. (2001). A comparative analysis of sponsorship objectives for U.S. women's sport and traditional sport sponsorship. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 10(4), 202-211.
  • Louro, M. J. & Cunha, P. V. (2001). Brand management paradigms. Journal of Marketing Management, 17(7-8), 849-875. Masterman, G. (2007). Sponsorship for a return on investment. Great Britain: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • McCarville, R. E., Flood, C. M., & Froats, T. A. (1998). The effectiveness of selected promotions on spectators’ assessments of a nonprofit sporting event sponsor. Journal of Sport Management, 12(1), 51–62.
  • Naidenova, I., Parshakov, P., & Chmykhov, A. (2016). Does football sponsorship improve company performance? European Sport Management Quarterly, 16(2), 129-147.
  • Nielsen Sport. (2016). https://nielsensports.com/european-football/. Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2020.
  • Nielsen Sport. (2018). https://nielsensports.com/reports/world-football-2018/. Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2020.
  • Persistence. (2014). https://www.persistencemarketresearch.com/marketresearch/. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020. Shannon, J. R., & Turley, L. W. (1997). The influence of in-arena promotions on purchase behavior and purchase intentions. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6(4), 53-59.
  • Sneath, J., Finney, R., & Close, A. (2006). An IMC approach to event marketing: The effects of sponsorship and experience on customer attitudes. Journal of Advertising Research, 45(4), 373-381.
  • Süar, A. (2017). Sosyal medyanın geleneksel reklam araçlarına göre hedef kitle belirlemedeki avantajları. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 8(28), 21-44.
  • Talimciler, A. (2008). Futbol değil iş: endüstriyel futbol. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (26), 89-114.
  • Thwaites, D., & Carruthers, A. (1998). Practical applications of sponsorship theory: Empirical evidence from English club rugby. Journal of Sport Management, 203-219.
  • Tomasini, N., Frye, C., & Stotlar,, D. (2004). national collegiate athletic association corporate sponsor objectives are there differences between divisions I-A, I-AA, and I-AAA?. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(4), 216-226.
  • Topsümer, F., Elden, M., & Yurdakul, N. (2018). Reklam ve halkla ilişkilerde hedef kitle (7. Baskı b.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Tuna, M., & Tuna, A. (2007). Kurumsal kimlik yönetimi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • UEFA. (2017). The European Club Footballing Landscape, https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/OfficialDocument/uefaorg/Clublicensing/02/58/98/12/2589812_DOWNLOAD.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2021.
  • Ülger, B. (2003). İşletmelerde iletişim ve halkla ilişkiler. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Wagen, L. V. (2007). Human resource management for events. Burlington: Elsevier.
  • Westerbeek, H., Smith, A., Turner, P., Emery, P., Green, C., & Leeuwen, L. v. (2006). Managing sport facilities. London: Routledge.

FUTBOLDA SPONSORLUK FAALİYETLERİ VE BAŞARIYI ETKİLEYEN MAKRO UNSURLAR ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 555 - 570, 01.04.2021

Öz

Futbol, günümüzde büyük kitleleri peşinden sürükleyen önemli bir spor dalı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Futbola olan bu ilgi nedeniyle bu spor dalı, sosyal bilimlerde birçok disiplinin akademik çalışmalarına konu olmuştur. Özellikle halkla ilişkiler, pazarlama ve iletişim çalışmalarında etraflıca çalışılan, sponsorluk faaliyetleri işletmeler için iletişim stratejileri içerisinde farklı amaç ve hedefler için kullanılan önemli bir uygulamadır. Günümüzde işletmeler için sponsorluk çalışmalarının yürütüleceği alanlar incelendiğinde, spor alanları, spor alanları içerisinde de özellikle futbol, işletmeler için önemli fırsatlar sunan ve hedef kitlelerine ulaşmada etkili olan bir alan olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada işletmeler için futbolda yapılacak olan sponsorluk uygulamalarında başarıyı etkileyen dinamikler üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Araştırmamızın temel amacı futbolda yapılan sponsorluk çalışmalarında başarıyı etkileyen temel faktörler üzerinde kavramsal bir değerlendirme yaparak literatüre katkı sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda araştırmamızda literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda futbolda sponsorluk faaliyetlerinde dikkat edilmesi gereken temel noktalar: işletmelerin hedef kitlesinin futbolla ilgisinin tespit edilmesi, medyanın sponsorluk çalışması yapılacak futbol etkinliğine olan ilgisi, sponsorluk desteği verilecek olan futbol kulübünün veya futbolcunun imajı ve gerçekleştirilen futbol etkinliğinin türü olarak ele alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alexandris, K., Tsaousi, E., & James, J. (2007). Predicting sponsorship outcomes from attitudinal constructs: The case of a professional basketball event. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 16(3), 130-139.
  • Alver, F. (2008). Kapitalist üretim sürecinde ırkçılık, futbol ve medya. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (26), 223-248.
  • Andrews, J. (2015). Sponsorship Spending Report: Where the Dollars Are Going and Trends for 2015. https://www.sponsorship.com/ieg/files/4e/4e525456-b2b1-4049-bd51-03d9c35ac507. Erişim Tarihi: 8.12.2020.
  • Apostolopoulou, A., & Papadimitriou, D. (2004). "Welcome home": Motivations and objectives of the 2004 Grand National Olympic sponsors. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(4), 180-192.
  • Argan, M. (2007). Eğlence pazarlaması. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. Arık, B. (2008). Futbol ve televizyon bağı: Simbiyoz beslenme. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (26), 197-222.
  • Arthur, D., Scott, D., Woods, T., & Booker, R. (1998). Sport sponsorship should... a process model for the effective implementation and management of sport sponsorship programmes. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 7(4), 49-60. Aydın, B. M., Hatipoğlu, D., & Ceyhan, Ç. (2008). Endüstriyel futbol çağında “taraftarlık”. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (26), 289-316.
  • Bergkvist, L. (2012). The Flipside of the sponsorship coin: Do you still buy the beer when the brewer underwrites a rival team? Journal of Advertising, 52(1), 65-73.
  • Chadwick, River, N. J., S., & Thwaites, D. (2006). Distinguishing between short-term and long-term commitment in football shirt sponsorship programmes: towards a matrix of management implications. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 7(3), 163-179.
  • Chadwick, S. (2004). Determinants of Commitment in the Professional Football Club/Shirt Sponsor Dyad. (Degree of PhD, thesis). Leeds: The University of Leeds, Leeds University Business School.
  • Cornwell, T. B., Weeks, C. S., & Roy, D. P. (2005). Sponsorship-linked marketing: Opening the black box. Journal of Advertising, 34(2), 21-42.
  • DeGaris, L., West, C., & Dodds, M. (2009). Leveraging and activating NASCAR sponsorships with NASCAR-linked sales promotions. Journal of Sponsorship, 3(1), 88-97.
  • Desbordes, M. (2007a). Introduction: new directions for marketing in football, M. Desbordes (Ed.) Marketing and Football: An international perspective, Burlington: Elsevier, s. 1-16. Desbordes, M. (2007b). The role of management control in French football’s regulation – a unique model that can be exported?, M. Desbordes (Ed.) Marketing and Football: An international perspective, Burlington: Elsevier, s. 85-107.
  • Doğan, İ. (2018). Kurumsal İmaj Oluşturmada Sponsorluk Uygulamaları: Vodafone Örneği Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma. (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Erdoğan, İ. (2008). Futbol ve futbolu inceleme üzerine. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 1-58. Farrelly, F., & Quester, P. (2005). Examining important relationship quality constructs of the focal sponsorship exchange. Industrial Marketing Management, 3(34), 211-219.
  • FIFA. (2018). Financal Report. https://www.fifa.com/what-we-do/governance/finances/ Erişim Tarihi: 25.12.2020.
  • FIFA. (2020). https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/2014-fifa-world-cuptm-reached-3-2-billion-viewers-one-billion-watched--2745519#:~:text=World%20Cup%E2%84%A2-,2014%20FIFA%20World%20Cup%E2%84%A2%20reached,viewers%2C%20one%20billion%20watched%20final&text=More%20than%20on. Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2020.
  • Getz, D. (2007). Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Goldblatt, D. (2006). The ball is round a global history of the soccer. London: Penguin Books Ltd.
  • IEG. (2019). https://www.sponsorship.com/About/Sponsorship-Blogs/Sponsorship-Blog/May-2019/Sponsorship-Spending-on-the-NHL-Grows-6-6--for-the.aspx. Erişim Tarihi: 19.11.2020.
  • IEG.(2015).https://www.fenderbender.com/ext/resources/pdfs/a/f/t/AftermarketAdvisor_Whitepaper_0315.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 19.11.2020.
  • Jahadi, K., & Acikdilli, G. (2009). Marketing communications and corporate social responsibility (CSR): marriage of convenience or shotgun wedding? Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1), 103-113.
  • Jalleh, G., Donovan, R. J., Corti, B. G., & Holman, D. J. (2002). Sponsorship: impact on brand awareness and brand attitudes. SMQ, 8(1), 35-45. Koçyi̇ği̇t, M., & Küçükci̇vi̇l, B. (2018). Pazarlama amaçlı sponsorluk etkinlikleri ile tüketici temelli marka değeri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Bir Türk markası üzerine tüketici araştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, (55), 113-141.
  • Koller, C., & Brändle, F. (2002). Goal! : A cultural and social history of modern football. (D. S. Bachrach, Çev.) Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press.
  • KPMG.(2020).https://footballbenchmark.com/library/stadium_sponsorship_an_unexploited_field_of_play. Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2020.
  • Lamont, M., & Dowell, R. (2008). A process model of small and medium enterprise sponsorship of regional sport tourism events. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13(4), 253-266. Lough, N. L., & Irwin, R. L. (2001). A comparative analysis of sponsorship objectives for U.S. women's sport and traditional sport sponsorship. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 10(4), 202-211.
  • Louro, M. J. & Cunha, P. V. (2001). Brand management paradigms. Journal of Marketing Management, 17(7-8), 849-875. Masterman, G. (2007). Sponsorship for a return on investment. Great Britain: Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • McCarville, R. E., Flood, C. M., & Froats, T. A. (1998). The effectiveness of selected promotions on spectators’ assessments of a nonprofit sporting event sponsor. Journal of Sport Management, 12(1), 51–62.
  • Naidenova, I., Parshakov, P., & Chmykhov, A. (2016). Does football sponsorship improve company performance? European Sport Management Quarterly, 16(2), 129-147.
  • Nielsen Sport. (2016). https://nielsensports.com/european-football/. Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2020.
  • Nielsen Sport. (2018). https://nielsensports.com/reports/world-football-2018/. Erişim Tarihi: 15.12.2020.
  • Persistence. (2014). https://www.persistencemarketresearch.com/marketresearch/. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020. Shannon, J. R., & Turley, L. W. (1997). The influence of in-arena promotions on purchase behavior and purchase intentions. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6(4), 53-59.
  • Sneath, J., Finney, R., & Close, A. (2006). An IMC approach to event marketing: The effects of sponsorship and experience on customer attitudes. Journal of Advertising Research, 45(4), 373-381.
  • Süar, A. (2017). Sosyal medyanın geleneksel reklam araçlarına göre hedef kitle belirlemedeki avantajları. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 8(28), 21-44.
  • Talimciler, A. (2008). Futbol değil iş: endüstriyel futbol. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, (26), 89-114.
  • Thwaites, D., & Carruthers, A. (1998). Practical applications of sponsorship theory: Empirical evidence from English club rugby. Journal of Sport Management, 203-219.
  • Tomasini, N., Frye, C., & Stotlar,, D. (2004). national collegiate athletic association corporate sponsor objectives are there differences between divisions I-A, I-AA, and I-AAA?. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13(4), 216-226.
  • Topsümer, F., Elden, M., & Yurdakul, N. (2018). Reklam ve halkla ilişkilerde hedef kitle (7. Baskı b.). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Tuna, M., & Tuna, A. (2007). Kurumsal kimlik yönetimi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • UEFA. (2017). The European Club Footballing Landscape, https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/OfficialDocument/uefaorg/Clublicensing/02/58/98/12/2589812_DOWNLOAD.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2021.
  • Ülger, B. (2003). İşletmelerde iletişim ve halkla ilişkiler. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Wagen, L. V. (2007). Human resource management for events. Burlington: Elsevier.
  • Westerbeek, H., Smith, A., Turner, P., Emery, P., Green, C., & Leeuwen, L. v. (2006). Managing sport facilities. London: Routledge.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İsmailcan Doğan 0000-0001-9855-5159

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 3 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğan, İ. (2021). FUTBOLDA SPONSORLUK FAALİYETLERİ VE BAŞARIYI ETKİLEYEN MAKRO UNSURLAR ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 11(2), 555-570.


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