ALTIN ORAN VE FIBONACCI SAYILARI: ALTIN AKIŞIN EVRENSEL İZLERİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1092 - 1107, 07.09.2022

Rasim Basak

Öz

Altın Oran ve Fibonacci sayıları yüzlerce yıldır matematikçilerin, ressamların, mimarların, heykeltıraşların ve müzisyenlerin ilgisini çekti. Antik Yunan sanatıyla ilişkilendirilen Altın Oran, Yunanlı heykeltıraş Phidias (MÖ 4. ve 5. yy) ’ın adından dolayı Phi harfiyle sembolleştirildi. Altın Oran ile yakından ilişkili bir diğer kavram olan Fibonacci sayıları ise İtalyan matematikçi Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1170-1250) tarafından 1202’de keşfedildi. Bu iki olgu hakkında oldukça geniş bir alan yazın oluştu, bu araştırmalar genellikle Altın Oran ve Fibonacci sayılarına insan vücudunda, doğada, bitkilerde, hayvanlar aleminde, sanat ve mimaride nasıl rastlanıldığını ortaya koyan çalışmalardı. Altın Oran sadece insan yapısı olgularda değil doğada da karşımıza çıkan bir olgu olduğundan İlahi Oran olarak da anılmıştır. Buna karşın, Altın Oran ve Fibonacci sayılarına doğada ve evrende neden rastlanıldığı ve bu sayıların varoluşunun arkasında yatan sebepler hakkında çok az tartışmalar ve açıklama girişimleri olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, alan yazına dayalı olarak yap-bozun parçalarını bir araya getirmek için düşünürlerden, Uzak Doğu felsefeleri, Batı felsefesi, tasavvuf, ekonomi, sosyoloji, kutsal metinler, botanik, psikoloji, astronomi, fizik, matematik ve evrimci yaklaşımlar gibi alanlardan parçalar toplanmıştır. Sanat ve pek çok alanı etkilemiş olan bir fizik konseptine dayalı olarak, varoluşsal sorular doğrultusunda bir teori yapılandırılması hedeflenmiştir. Antik Yunan düşünürü Heraclitus (MÖ 535-475)’dan başlayarak bütün kainatın sürekli bir akış hareketi (Panta rhei) içinde olduğuna dair iddialar olmuştur. Bu araştırma, Altın Oran ve Fibonacci sayılarının Heraclitus’un iddia ettiği gibi bir akışın göstergeleri olabileceğini ve literatürde yer almakta olan pek çok araştırmanın bu iddiayı destekleyebilecek empirik deliller içerdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phi, Fibonacci sayıları, Matthew prensibi, Pareto dağılımı

GOLDEN RATIO AND FIBONACCI SEQUENCE: UNIVERSAL FOOTPRINTS OF THE GOLDEN FLOW

Öz

Golden Ratio and Fibonacci numbers have attracted attention from mathematicians, artists, architects, sculptors and musicians for centuries. Golden Ratio was associated with Ancient Greek art and architecture, and named after Greek sculptor Phidias (4th and 5th Century BC). Fibonacci sequence which is closely related to Golden Ratio was discovered by an Italian mathematician Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1170-1250) in 1202. Those two phenomena have created a considerably extensive literature but the studies mainly focused on documenting where we encounter them in human body, in nature, in plants, in animal kingdom, in art and architecture. Golden Ratio was also known as Divine Proportion since commonly observed in nature. Yet, there have been few arguments or attempts to explain real reasons behind the existence of these numbers in nature and in universe. This study documented literature and collected puzzling pieces from various fields such as ancient philosophers, Far East philosophies, Western philosophy, mysticism, economy, sociology, religious scriptures, botany, psychology, astronomy, physics, mathematics and evolutionary approaches. This study aimed to construct a philosophical theory based on a physics phenomenon that widely influenced many fields including art. The information evolved through literature was used to construct an explanation why Golden Ratio and Fibonacci sequence existed in the universe. Starting from Heraclitus (535-475 BC) of Ephesus, there have been claims that all existence is in a constant flow (Panta rhei) motion. This study suggested Golden Ratio and Fibonacci numbers as evidences of a constant universal flow motion which could further be supported by many empirical evidences from the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phi, Fibonacci numbers, Matthew Principles, Pareto distribution

Kaynakça

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