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TARİHİ KENTSEL ALANLARIN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR ÇEVRE BAĞLAMINDA KENT KULLANICILARI TARAFINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ERZURUM ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 691 - 701, 01.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1671488

Öz

Kentsel gelişim sonucunda tarihi bölgelerin genellikle kentin tam merkezinde kaldıkları görülmektedir. Bu durum, kent merkezinde kalan tarihi bölümlerin planlanmasında birtakım zorlukları beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu zorlukların aşılmasına yönelik olarak tarihi bölgelerin planlamasına yönelik farklı yaklaşımlar mevcuttur. Planlama yaklaşımları bölgedeki kentsel sorunların çözümlerine yönelik olarak geliştirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte sürdürülebilirlik kavramının da gözetilerek planlama yapılması tarihi bölgenin gelecek nesillere aktarılması açısından önem kazanmaktadır.Erzurum tarih boyunca gelişimini sürdürmüş, önemli ticaret yollarının kesişim noktası olarak ön plana çıkan bir kenttir. Kentsel gelişim ve büyüme kale ve çevresinden başlayarak gerçekleşmiştir. Dolayısı ile günümüzde kentin tarihi bölgesi kentin tam merkezinde yer almaktadır. Kentin tarihi bölgesinin planlanmasına yönelik yapılan çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bununla birlikte yapılan çalışmalar sonuncunda bölgede gelinen noktanın sürdürülebilirliği; sürdürülebilirlik konusunda ne kadar başarılı olunduğu bir tartışma konusudur. Bu çalışmada da Erzurum tarihi kent merkezinin sürdürülebilirliği tartışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma kapsamında belirlenen sürdürülebilirlik kriterleri hazırlanan anket kent kullanıcılarına uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan anket yardımı ile tarihi kent merkezinin sürdürülebilirliği tespit edilerek tartışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ile Erzurum tarihi kent merkezinden başlayarak kent içerisindeki tarihi bölgelerin sürdürülebilirliklerinde önemli eksikliklerin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan tespit doğrultusunda bölgenin sürdürülebilirliğinin arttırılmasına yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahern, J. (2011). From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world. Landscape and Urbaan Planning, s. 341-343.
  • Alidoust, S. (2024). Sustained liveable cities: the interface of liveability and resiliency. Cities & Health, 8(6), s. 1108-1109.
  • Altınok, Y. S. (2024). Ortaçağ Erzurum’unda Kentleşme Kültürü İle Sosyo-Kültürel Hayata Dair Bazı Tespitler. Amisos, s. 1-30.
  • Altrock, U. (2022). Urban livability in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods: The experience of the German program “socially integrative city”. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(5), s. 783-794.
  • Amrhein, S., & Hospers, G.-J. (2025). Cittaslow: Degrowth approach or place promotion? An analysis exemplified by the case of Artà, Mallorca. European Planning Studies, 33(3), s. 377-397.
  • Arshad, K., Hussain, N., Ashraf, M. H., & Saleem, M. Z. (2024). Air pollution and climate change as grand challenges to sustainability. Science of The Total Environment, 928, s. 172370.
  • Beygu, A. Ş. (1936). Erzurum Tarihi, Anıtları, Kitabeleri. İstanbul: Bozkurt Basımevi.
  • Cengiz, G., & Akkuş, Ç. (2012). Kırsal Turizm Kapsamında Yöre Halkının Kalkındırılması: Erzurum Örneği. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2012(1), s. 61-74.
  • Dell’Ovo, M., Dell’Anna, F., Simonelli, R., & Sdino, L. (2021). Enhancing the cultural heritageg throuh adaptive reuse. A multicriteria approach to evaluate the Castello Viscontea in Cusago (Italy). Sustainability, 13(8), s. 4440.
  • Dursun, D. (2020). Erzurum’un ilk planlama deneyimi: 1939 Lambert planı. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(4), s. 1877-1896.
  • Erdmann, K., & Erdmann, H. (1961). Das anatolische Karavansaray des 13. Berlin: Jahrhunderts.
  • Gargiulo, C., & Sgambati, S. (2022). Active mobility in historical centres: towards an accessible and competitive city. Transportation Research Procedia, 60, s. 552-559.
  • Haghighi Fard, S. M., & Doratli, N. (2022). Evaluation of Resilience in Historic Urban Areas by Combining Multi-Criteria Decision-Making System and GIS, with Sustainability and Regeneration Approach: The Case Study of Tehran (IRAN). Sustainability, 14(5), s. 2495.
  • Hurlimann, A., & Wilson, E. (2018). Sustainable Urban Water Management under a Changing Climate: The Role of Spatial Planning. Water, 10(5), s. 546.
  • Jiménez-Espada, M., Cuartero, A., & Breton, L. M. (2022). Sustainability Assessment through Urban Accessibility Indicators and GIS in a Middle-Sized World Heritage City: The Case of Cáceres, Spain. Buildings, 12(6), s. 813.
  • Kaya Köse, E. (2024). The Impact of Design on Initiatives Awarded in Competitions Supporting Social Entrepreneurship in Turkey. The International Journal of Design in Society, 18(1), 19. The International Journal of Design in Society, 18(1), s. 19.
  • Kourtit, K., Macharis, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2014). Planning for Urban Historical-Cultural Heritage: A Geo-Imaging Multicriteria Approach. Built Environment, 40(4), s. 521-533.
  • Landorf, C. (2011). Evaluating social sustainability in historic urban environments. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 17(5), s. 463-477.
  • Lin, D.-Y., Waller, S. T., & Lin, M.-Y. (2024). A Review of Urban Planning Approaches to Reduce Air Pollution Exposures. Current Environmental Health Reports, s. 557-566.
  • Liu, L., & Jensen, B. M. (2018). Green infrastructure for sustainable urban water management: Practices of five forerunner cities. Cities, 74, s. 126-133.
  • Medeiros, E. (2024). Self Sufficiency and Sustainable Cities and Region. London: Routledge.
  • Mirzakhani, A., Turró, M., & Behzadfar, M. (2023). Factors affecting social sustainability in the historical city centres of Iran. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 16(4), s. 498-527.
  • Moazzeni Khorasgani, A. (2024). Sustainable Development Strategies for Historic Cities. Springer içinde, Using Data Science and Landscape Approach to Sustain Historic Cities (s. 63-81).
  • Neuman, M. (2012). Infrastructure planning for sustainable cities. Geographica Helvetica, 66(2), s. 100-107.
  • Özer, S., Aklıbaşında, M., & Zengin, M. (2010). Erzurum Kenti Örneğinde Kullanılan Kuşatma Elemanlarının Kent İmajı. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), s. 123-130.
  • Özgül, O. (2016). Erzurum Şenkaya petrogliflerindeki at/geyik ve güneş kursu. SUTAD(39), s. 371-390.
  • Pandya, S., Srivastava, G., Jhaveri, R., Babu, M. R., Bhattacharya, S., Maddikunta, P. K., & ... Gadekallu, T. R. (2023). Federated learning for smart cities: A comprehensive survey. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 55, p. 102987.
  • Pollalis, S. (2016). Planning sustainable cities: an infrastructure-based approach. London: Routledge. Ragheb, A., Aly, R., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Toward sustainable urban development of historical cities: Case study of Fouh City, Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1), s. 101520.
  • Rojas, E. (2015). The sustainable conservation of urban heritage. Urban Heritage, Development and Sustainability (s. 235-255). içinde London: Routledge.
  • Sampaio, H. C., Dias, R. A., & Balestieri, J. A. (2013). Sustainable urban energy planning: The case study of a tropical city. Applied Energy, 104, s. 924-935.
  • Savini, F., Ferreira, A., & Von Schönfeld, K. (2022). Post-growth planning: cities beyond the market economy. Abington: Routledge.
  • Shahmoradi, S., Abtahi, S. M., & Guimarães, P. (2023). Pedestrian street and its effect on economic sustainability of a historical Middle Eastern city: The case of Chaharbagh Abbasi in Isfahan, Iran. Geography and Sustainability, 4(3), s. 188-199.
  • Sipahi, S., & Kulözü Uzunboy, N. (2021). A study on reducing the carbon footprint of architectural buildings based on their materials under the guidance of eco-design strategies. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, s. 991-1005.
  • Theodora, Y. (2020). Cultural Heritage as a Means for Local Development in Mediterranean Historic Cities—The Need for an Urban Policy. Heritage, 3(2), s. 152-175.
  • Uludüz, Ç., & Sipahi, S. (2024). Geleneksel Erzurum Evleri ve ‘Leed Residential: Single Family’ Değerlendirme Sistemi. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(6), s. 1338-1346. UN-Habitat. (2020). World Cities Report.
  • Van Hoof, J., Marston, H. R., Kazak, J. K., & Buffel, T. (2021). Ten questions concerning age-friendly cities and communities and the built environment. Building and Environment, 199(107922).
  • Van Oers, R., & Pereira Roders, A. (2012). Historic cities as model of sustainability. 2(1), s. 4-14. Webb, J., Hawkey, D., & Tingey, M. (2016). Governing cities for sustainable energy: The UK case. Cities, 28(35), s. 54.
  • Wey, W.-M., & Huang, J.-Y. (2018). Urban sustainable transportation planning strategies for livable City's quality of life. Habitat International, 82, s. 9-27.
  • Wu, J. (2014). Urban ecology and sustainability: The state-of-the-science and future directions. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, s. 209-221.
  • Yeşilyurt, M. A., & Toy, S. (2024). Cazibe Merkezini Destekleme Programı Kapsamında Erzurum Üç Kümbetler Bölgesinde Yapılmış Yeniden Canlandırma Projeleri. HODJA AKHMET YASSAWI 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, (s. 471-483). Konya.
  • Zaman, M., Sevindi, C., & Salih, B. (2018). Tarihi Yolların Buluştuğu Erzurum Şehrindeki Beşeri Turistik Eserler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(22), s. 581-601.

THE EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL URBAN AREAS BY URBAN USERS IN THE CONTEXT OF A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF ERZURUM

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 691 - 701, 01.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1671488

Öz

As a result of urban development, historical areas are often found to be located at the very centre of the city. This situation brings about certain challenges in the planning of the historical districts that remain in the city centre. To overcome these challenges, various approaches to the planning of historical areas have been developed. These planning approaches are designed to address the urban issues in the region. Moreover, planning with consideration for the concept of sustainability becomes crucial for the transmission of the historical area to future generations. Erzurum has continued to develop throughout history and is a city that stands out as a crossroads for major trade routes. Urban development and growth began around the castle and its surroundings. Therefore, today, the historical area of the city is located at the very centre. There have been studies aimed at planning the historical area of the city. However, the sustainability of the outcomes of these studies and the extent to which sustainability has been successfully achieved remains a topic of debate. This study discusses the sustainability of the historical city centre of Erzurum. As part of the study, the sustainability criteria that were identified were applied to a survey administered to urban users. Through the survey, the sustainability of the historical city centre was assessed and discussed. The study revealed significant deficiencies in the sustainability of the historical areas within the city, starting with the historical city centre of Erzurum. Based on these findings, recommendations have been developed to increase the sustainability of the region.

Kaynakça

  • Ahern, J. (2011). From fail-safe to safe-to-fail: Sustainability and resilience in the new urban world. Landscape and Urbaan Planning, s. 341-343.
  • Alidoust, S. (2024). Sustained liveable cities: the interface of liveability and resiliency. Cities & Health, 8(6), s. 1108-1109.
  • Altınok, Y. S. (2024). Ortaçağ Erzurum’unda Kentleşme Kültürü İle Sosyo-Kültürel Hayata Dair Bazı Tespitler. Amisos, s. 1-30.
  • Altrock, U. (2022). Urban livability in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods: The experience of the German program “socially integrative city”. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(5), s. 783-794.
  • Amrhein, S., & Hospers, G.-J. (2025). Cittaslow: Degrowth approach or place promotion? An analysis exemplified by the case of Artà, Mallorca. European Planning Studies, 33(3), s. 377-397.
  • Arshad, K., Hussain, N., Ashraf, M. H., & Saleem, M. Z. (2024). Air pollution and climate change as grand challenges to sustainability. Science of The Total Environment, 928, s. 172370.
  • Beygu, A. Ş. (1936). Erzurum Tarihi, Anıtları, Kitabeleri. İstanbul: Bozkurt Basımevi.
  • Cengiz, G., & Akkuş, Ç. (2012). Kırsal Turizm Kapsamında Yöre Halkının Kalkındırılması: Erzurum Örneği. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2012(1), s. 61-74.
  • Dell’Ovo, M., Dell’Anna, F., Simonelli, R., & Sdino, L. (2021). Enhancing the cultural heritageg throuh adaptive reuse. A multicriteria approach to evaluate the Castello Viscontea in Cusago (Italy). Sustainability, 13(8), s. 4440.
  • Dursun, D. (2020). Erzurum’un ilk planlama deneyimi: 1939 Lambert planı. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(4), s. 1877-1896.
  • Erdmann, K., & Erdmann, H. (1961). Das anatolische Karavansaray des 13. Berlin: Jahrhunderts.
  • Gargiulo, C., & Sgambati, S. (2022). Active mobility in historical centres: towards an accessible and competitive city. Transportation Research Procedia, 60, s. 552-559.
  • Haghighi Fard, S. M., & Doratli, N. (2022). Evaluation of Resilience in Historic Urban Areas by Combining Multi-Criteria Decision-Making System and GIS, with Sustainability and Regeneration Approach: The Case Study of Tehran (IRAN). Sustainability, 14(5), s. 2495.
  • Hurlimann, A., & Wilson, E. (2018). Sustainable Urban Water Management under a Changing Climate: The Role of Spatial Planning. Water, 10(5), s. 546.
  • Jiménez-Espada, M., Cuartero, A., & Breton, L. M. (2022). Sustainability Assessment through Urban Accessibility Indicators and GIS in a Middle-Sized World Heritage City: The Case of Cáceres, Spain. Buildings, 12(6), s. 813.
  • Kaya Köse, E. (2024). The Impact of Design on Initiatives Awarded in Competitions Supporting Social Entrepreneurship in Turkey. The International Journal of Design in Society, 18(1), 19. The International Journal of Design in Society, 18(1), s. 19.
  • Kourtit, K., Macharis, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2014). Planning for Urban Historical-Cultural Heritage: A Geo-Imaging Multicriteria Approach. Built Environment, 40(4), s. 521-533.
  • Landorf, C. (2011). Evaluating social sustainability in historic urban environments. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 17(5), s. 463-477.
  • Lin, D.-Y., Waller, S. T., & Lin, M.-Y. (2024). A Review of Urban Planning Approaches to Reduce Air Pollution Exposures. Current Environmental Health Reports, s. 557-566.
  • Liu, L., & Jensen, B. M. (2018). Green infrastructure for sustainable urban water management: Practices of five forerunner cities. Cities, 74, s. 126-133.
  • Medeiros, E. (2024). Self Sufficiency and Sustainable Cities and Region. London: Routledge.
  • Mirzakhani, A., Turró, M., & Behzadfar, M. (2023). Factors affecting social sustainability in the historical city centres of Iran. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 16(4), s. 498-527.
  • Moazzeni Khorasgani, A. (2024). Sustainable Development Strategies for Historic Cities. Springer içinde, Using Data Science and Landscape Approach to Sustain Historic Cities (s. 63-81).
  • Neuman, M. (2012). Infrastructure planning for sustainable cities. Geographica Helvetica, 66(2), s. 100-107.
  • Özer, S., Aklıbaşında, M., & Zengin, M. (2010). Erzurum Kenti Örneğinde Kullanılan Kuşatma Elemanlarının Kent İmajı. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), s. 123-130.
  • Özgül, O. (2016). Erzurum Şenkaya petrogliflerindeki at/geyik ve güneş kursu. SUTAD(39), s. 371-390.
  • Pandya, S., Srivastava, G., Jhaveri, R., Babu, M. R., Bhattacharya, S., Maddikunta, P. K., & ... Gadekallu, T. R. (2023). Federated learning for smart cities: A comprehensive survey. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 55, p. 102987.
  • Pollalis, S. (2016). Planning sustainable cities: an infrastructure-based approach. London: Routledge. Ragheb, A., Aly, R., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Toward sustainable urban development of historical cities: Case study of Fouh City, Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1), s. 101520.
  • Rojas, E. (2015). The sustainable conservation of urban heritage. Urban Heritage, Development and Sustainability (s. 235-255). içinde London: Routledge.
  • Sampaio, H. C., Dias, R. A., & Balestieri, J. A. (2013). Sustainable urban energy planning: The case study of a tropical city. Applied Energy, 104, s. 924-935.
  • Savini, F., Ferreira, A., & Von Schönfeld, K. (2022). Post-growth planning: cities beyond the market economy. Abington: Routledge.
  • Shahmoradi, S., Abtahi, S. M., & Guimarães, P. (2023). Pedestrian street and its effect on economic sustainability of a historical Middle Eastern city: The case of Chaharbagh Abbasi in Isfahan, Iran. Geography and Sustainability, 4(3), s. 188-199.
  • Sipahi, S., & Kulözü Uzunboy, N. (2021). A study on reducing the carbon footprint of architectural buildings based on their materials under the guidance of eco-design strategies. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, s. 991-1005.
  • Theodora, Y. (2020). Cultural Heritage as a Means for Local Development in Mediterranean Historic Cities—The Need for an Urban Policy. Heritage, 3(2), s. 152-175.
  • Uludüz, Ç., & Sipahi, S. (2024). Geleneksel Erzurum Evleri ve ‘Leed Residential: Single Family’ Değerlendirme Sistemi. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(6), s. 1338-1346. UN-Habitat. (2020). World Cities Report.
  • Van Hoof, J., Marston, H. R., Kazak, J. K., & Buffel, T. (2021). Ten questions concerning age-friendly cities and communities and the built environment. Building and Environment, 199(107922).
  • Van Oers, R., & Pereira Roders, A. (2012). Historic cities as model of sustainability. 2(1), s. 4-14. Webb, J., Hawkey, D., & Tingey, M. (2016). Governing cities for sustainable energy: The UK case. Cities, 28(35), s. 54.
  • Wey, W.-M., & Huang, J.-Y. (2018). Urban sustainable transportation planning strategies for livable City's quality of life. Habitat International, 82, s. 9-27.
  • Wu, J. (2014). Urban ecology and sustainability: The state-of-the-science and future directions. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, s. 209-221.
  • Yeşilyurt, M. A., & Toy, S. (2024). Cazibe Merkezini Destekleme Programı Kapsamında Erzurum Üç Kümbetler Bölgesinde Yapılmış Yeniden Canlandırma Projeleri. HODJA AKHMET YASSAWI 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, (s. 471-483). Konya.
  • Zaman, M., Sevindi, C., & Salih, B. (2018). Tarihi Yolların Buluştuğu Erzurum Şehrindeki Beşeri Turistik Eserler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(22), s. 581-601.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Düzenleyici Planlama ve Geliştirme Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Yazarlar

Merve Sipahi 0000-0002-3246-6302

Serkan Sipahi 0000-0002-5684-8671

İrem Kırmızıbiber 0009-0003-4198-9863

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 29 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Sipahi, M., Sipahi, S., & Kırmızıbiber, İ. (2025). THE EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL URBAN AREAS BY URBAN USERS IN THE CONTEXT OF A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF ERZURUM. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 15(3), 691-701. https://doi.org/10.7456/tojdac.1671488


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