Digital Device Ownership and Learning Environment Preferences of Students in South Africa and Ghana
Yıl 2018,
, 93 - 111, 18.07.2018
Simon-peter Kafui Aheto
Johannes Cronje
Öz
This paper explores differences in access to technology and configuration of preferences for learning environments among design students in two universities of technology in South Africa (ISA) and Ghana (IG). Laptops and Smartphones ownership influenced and supported design students’ learning. In IG, there was a 97% Laptop ownership as against 69% in ISA. IG does not have computer laboratories; hence Laptop ownership is a pre-requirement for Design programs. Oppositely, ISA has fourteen computer laboratories for Design programs. There is no statistically significant difference between male and female design students in their choice of learning environments for academic success. Design students are not enthusiastic about accessing library resources via handheld devices. Towards academic success, students ranked low, their institutions’ Learning Management Systems. We recommend a blended approach when designing learning environments for Design Education, while promoting the use of media platforms for content management due to device ownership among students.
Kaynakça
- Aheto, S-P. K., & Cronje, J. C. (2014). A rhizoanalysis of learning connections among higher
education learners. In R. de la Harpe, S. Warden & E. Appiah (Eds.). Proceedings of
the 4
th International Conference on Design, Development & Research (pp. 439-457).
Cape Town, South Africa: Faculty of Informatics, Cape Peninsula University of
Technology.
Airtel (2013, October 24). Airtel partners with wikimedia foundation to bring free access to
wikipedia to 70 million people in 17 countries. Retrieved February 23, 2015, from
http://africa.airtel.com/wps/wcm/connect/africarevamp/
africa/home/media/press-releases/october-24-2013
Ally, M. (2009). Mobile learning: Transforming the delivery of education and training.
Edmonton: Athabasca University Press.
Appiah, E. (2014). An exploration of ICT for graphic design education at a public university:
issues of ideation and pedagogy (Doctoral Dissertation). Cape Peninsula University of
Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
Baddeley, A. (2012, May 27). Ebooks: Winners in the generation game. The Guardian. United
Kingdom. Retrieved April 15, 2016, from http://www.theguardian.com/
books/2012/may/27/ebooks-growth-older-age-groups
Barry, S., Murphy, K., & Drew, S. (2015). From deconstructive misalignment to constructive
alignment : Exploring student uses of mobile technologies in university classrooms.
Computers & Education, 81, 202–210.
Baynes, K. (2010). Models of Change: The future of design education. Design and Technology
Education: an International Journal, 15(3), 10-17.
Billings, H. (2003). The Wild-Card Academic Library in 2013. College & Research Libraries, 64
(2), 105-109.
Bita, N. (2016, March 26). Computers in class ‘a scandalous waste’: Sydney Grammar head.
Retrieved March 30, 2016, from http://www.theaustralian.c
109
Eton, S. E. (2011). Literacy, Languages and Leadership 21 Characteristics of 21st Century
Learners. Retrieved June 4, 2014, from
http://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/21st-century-learners/
Evans, C. (2008). The effectiveness of m-learning in the form of podcast revision lectures in
higher education. Computers & Education, 50, 491–498.
Falloon, G. (2015). What's the difference? Learning collaboratively using iPads in conventional
classrooms. Computers & Education, 84, 62-77.
Farrant, J.S. (1980). Principles and Practice of Education New Edition. Hong Kong: Longman.
Gaskell, A. (2015). Can we really learn from mobile handheld devices? Retrieved April 20,
2016, from http://pcfpapers.colfinder.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/
428/2010_GaskellA_Mobile_devices.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Gikas, J., & Grant, M. M. (2013). Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student
perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones & social media. The Internet
and Higher Education, 19, 18–26.
Goode, J. (2010). The digital identity divide: how technology knowledge impacts college
students. New media & society, 12(3), 497-513.
Gupta, B., & Koo, Y. (2010). Applications of mobile learning in higher education: An empirical
study. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology
Education, 6(3), 75-87.
Hamblen, M. (2011, May 19). Amazon: E-books now outsell print books. Computerworld.
Retrieved April 20, 2016, from http://www.computerworld.com/article/
2508262/mobile-wireless/amazon--e-books-now-outsell-print-books.html
Herrington, J., Reeves, T. C., & Oliver, R. (2010). A guide to authentic e-learning. NewYork:
Routledge.
Hsu, J. (2007). Innovative technologies for education and learning: Education and knowledgeoriented
applications of blogs, wikis, podcasts, and more. International Journal of
Information and Communication Technology Education, 3(3), 70-89.
Huang, Y. M., Liao, Y. W., Huang, S. H., & Chen, H. C. (2014). A Jigsaw based Cooperative
Learning Approach to Improve Learning Outcomes for Mobile Situated Learning.
Educational Technology & Society, 17(1), 128–140.
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: 2014
Library Edition (Horizon Report). Austin, Texas. The New Media Consortium.
Karchmer‐ Klein, R., & Shinas, V. H. (2012). Guiding principles for supporting new literacies in
your classroom, The Reading Teacher, 65(5), 288-293.
Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W. 1970. Determining sample size for research activities.
Educational & Psychological Measurement, 30: 607–610.
Kiesler, S. & Sproull, L. 1987. Computing and Change on Campus. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Kong, S. C., Chan, T. W., Griffin, P., Hoppe, U., Huang, R., Kinshuk, Looi, C. K., Milrad, M.,
Norris, C., Nussbaum, M., Sharples, M., So, W. M. W., Soloway, E., & Yu, S. (2014). Elearning
in School Education in the Coming 10 Years for Developing 21st Century
Skills: Critical Research Issues and Policy Implications. Educational Technology &
Society, 17(1), 70–78.
Koole, M., & Stack, S. (2016). Doctoral students’ identity positioning in networked learning
environments. Distance Education, 37(1), 41-59.
Krueger, R.A. 1986. Focus group interviewing: A helpful technique for agricultural educators.
The Visitor, 73(7): 1–4.
Lai, C. L., & Hwang, G. J. (2015). An interactive peer-assessment criteria development
approach to improving students' art design performance using handheld devices.
Computers & Education, 85, 149-159.
110
Lee, K. S., & Kim, B. G. (2016). Cross Space: The Exploration of SNS-Based Writing Activities in
a Multimodal Learning Environment. Educational Technology & Society, 19(2), 57–76.
Leeson, H. V. (2006). The mode effect: A literature review of human and technological issues
in computerized testing. International Journal of Testing, 6(1), 1-24.
Lefever, S., Dal, M. & Matthiasdottir, A. 2007. Online data collection in academic research:
advantages and limitations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4): 574–
582.
Leye, V. (2007). UNESCO, ICT corporations and the passion of ICT for development:
modernization resurrected. Media, Culture & Society, 29(6), 972–993.
Manzini, E. (2015). Design, when everybody designs: An introduction to design for social
innovation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
McKnight, S. (2011). Here Today and Here Tomorrow. In P. Dale, J. Beard, M. Holland (Eds.),
University Libraries and Digital Learning Environments (pp. 1-14). London: Ashgate.
Miller, J. R. (2016). Teaching Machines: Learning from the Intersection of Education and
Technology by Bill Ferster (review). The Review of Higher Education, 39(2), 306-307.
Mitchell, V. (1996). Assessing the reliability and validity of questionnaires: an empirical
example. Journal of Applied Management Studies, 5, 199-208.
Motiwalla, L. F. (2007). Mobile learning: A framework and evaluation, Computers & Education,
49, 581–596.
MTN Ghana. (n.d.). MTN Ghana Empowers Customers With Free Access To Wikipedia.
Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://mtn.com.gh/about-mtn/press/mtn-ghanaempowers-customers-with-free-access-to-wikipedia
Muianga, Xavier; Hansson, Henrik; Nilsson, Anders; Mondlane, Avelino; Mutimucuio, Inocente;
and Guambe, Alsone (2013) "ICT in Education in Africa - Myth or Reality: A Case
Study of Mozambican Higher Education Institutions". The African Journal of
Information Systems, 5(3), 106-117
Munshi, K. (2010). Characteristics of Design and its implications on Design Education.
Retrieved April 10, 2016, from http://www.idc.iitb.ac.in/munshi/
CHARACTERISTICS%20OF%20DESIGN%20AND%20ITS%20IMPLICATIONS%20ON
%20DESIGN%20%20EDUCATION.pdf
Nilson, L., & Weaver, B. E. (2005). Enhancing Learning with Laptops in the Classroom: New
Directions for Teaching and Learning, Number 101. Wiley.
Oliver, M. (2011). Technological determinism in educational technology research: some
alternative ways of thinking about the relationship between learning and technology.
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(5), 373-384.
Paliktzoglou, V., & Suhonen, J. (2014). Microblogging in Higher Education: The Edmodo Case
Study among Computer Science Learners in Finland. Journal of Cases on Information
Technology, 16(2), 39-57.
Plowright, D. 2011. Using mixed methods: Frameworks for an integrated methodology. Sage
Publications.
Rambe, P. (2015). The role of educational technology in design and delivery of curricula
programmes at a South African university:The case of STEPS at the Central University
of Technology. The African Journal of Information System, 8(2), 86-113.
Salaway G., & Caruso J. (2007). The ECAR Study of Undergraduate Students and Technology.
EDUCAUSE, Boulder, CO.
Salter, D., Pang, M. Y. C., & Sharma, P. (2009). Active tasks to change the use of class time
within an outcomes based approach to curriculum design. Journal of University
Teaching & Learning Practice, 6(1), 26-38.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. 2012. Research Methods for Business Students. 6th ed.
England: Pearson Education Limited.
111
Sharples, M., Adams, A., Ferguson, R., Gaved, M., McAndrew, P., Rienties, B., Weller, M., &
Whitelock, D. (2014). Innovating pedagogy 2014: exploring new forms of teaching,
learning and assessment, to guide educators and policy makers. Retrieved April 20,
2016 from http://www.openuniversity.edu/sites/
www.openuniversity.edu/files/The_Open_University_Innovating_Pedagogy_2014_0.
pdf
Shelly, G. B., Gunter, G. A., & Gunter, R. E. (2012). Teachers discovering computers:
integrating technology in a connected world. Cengage Learning.
Smith, S. D., & Caruso, J. B. (2010). The ECAR Study of Undergraduate Students and
Information Technology, 2010. Colorado: EDUCAUSE.
South African Technology Network (SATN) (2008). Universities of Technology in South Africa:
Position, Role and Function.
Sperber, M. (2005). How undergraduate education became college lite-and a personal
apology. In Hersh R. H., & J. Merrow (Eds.), Declining by degrees: higher education at
risk (pp. 131-143). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Walmsley, A. (2014). Unplug the Kids: Technology Isolates Children from Each Other and May
Be Hampering Their Communication and Collaboration Skills. Phi Delta Kappan,
95(6), 80.
Warburton, S. (2010, June 15). Rhizome: Digital Identity matters. Retrieved November 19,
2014, from http://digitaldisruptions.org/rhizome/wpcontent/uploads/2010/06/rhiz08_DigitalIdentityMatters.pdf
Ward, A. (1990). Ideology, culture and the design studio. Design Studies, 11(1), 10-16.
Warger, T., & Dobbin, G. (2009). Learning Environments: Where Space, Technology, and
Culture Converge. EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative. Retrieved January 1, 2015 from
https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI3021.pdf
West, M. A., Hafner, A. W., & Faust, B. D. (2006). Expanding access to library collections and
services using small-screen devices. Information technology and libraries, 25(2),
103-107.
Wheeler, S. (2012, November 16). Next generation learning [Web log message]. Retrieved
May 10, 2014, from http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com/ 2012/11/next-generationlearning.html
Witecki, G., & Nonnecke, B. (2015). Engagement in Digital Lecture Halls: A Study of Student
Course Engagement and Mobile Device use During Lecture, Journal of Information
Technology Education: Research, 14, 73-90.
Yin, R.K. 2014. Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
Yumurtaci, O. (2017). A Re-Evaluation of Mobile Communication Technology: A Theoretical
Approach for Technology Evaluation in Contemporary Digital Learning. Turkish Online
Journal of Distance Education, 18 (1), 213 – 223.
Yıl 2018,
, 93 - 111, 18.07.2018
Simon-peter Kafui Aheto
Johannes Cronje
Kaynakça
- Aheto, S-P. K., & Cronje, J. C. (2014). A rhizoanalysis of learning connections among higher
education learners. In R. de la Harpe, S. Warden & E. Appiah (Eds.). Proceedings of
the 4
th International Conference on Design, Development & Research (pp. 439-457).
Cape Town, South Africa: Faculty of Informatics, Cape Peninsula University of
Technology.
Airtel (2013, October 24). Airtel partners with wikimedia foundation to bring free access to
wikipedia to 70 million people in 17 countries. Retrieved February 23, 2015, from
http://africa.airtel.com/wps/wcm/connect/africarevamp/
africa/home/media/press-releases/october-24-2013
Ally, M. (2009). Mobile learning: Transforming the delivery of education and training.
Edmonton: Athabasca University Press.
Appiah, E. (2014). An exploration of ICT for graphic design education at a public university:
issues of ideation and pedagogy (Doctoral Dissertation). Cape Peninsula University of
Technology, Cape Town, South Africa.
Baddeley, A. (2012, May 27). Ebooks: Winners in the generation game. The Guardian. United
Kingdom. Retrieved April 15, 2016, from http://www.theguardian.com/
books/2012/may/27/ebooks-growth-older-age-groups
Barry, S., Murphy, K., & Drew, S. (2015). From deconstructive misalignment to constructive
alignment : Exploring student uses of mobile technologies in university classrooms.
Computers & Education, 81, 202–210.
Baynes, K. (2010). Models of Change: The future of design education. Design and Technology
Education: an International Journal, 15(3), 10-17.
Billings, H. (2003). The Wild-Card Academic Library in 2013. College & Research Libraries, 64
(2), 105-109.
Bita, N. (2016, March 26). Computers in class ‘a scandalous waste’: Sydney Grammar head.
Retrieved March 30, 2016, from http://www.theaustralian.c
109
Eton, S. E. (2011). Literacy, Languages and Leadership 21 Characteristics of 21st Century
Learners. Retrieved June 4, 2014, from
http://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/21st-century-learners/
Evans, C. (2008). The effectiveness of m-learning in the form of podcast revision lectures in
higher education. Computers & Education, 50, 491–498.
Falloon, G. (2015). What's the difference? Learning collaboratively using iPads in conventional
classrooms. Computers & Education, 84, 62-77.
Farrant, J.S. (1980). Principles and Practice of Education New Edition. Hong Kong: Longman.
Gaskell, A. (2015). Can we really learn from mobile handheld devices? Retrieved April 20,
2016, from http://pcfpapers.colfinder.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/
428/2010_GaskellA_Mobile_devices.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Gikas, J., & Grant, M. M. (2013). Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student
perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones & social media. The Internet
and Higher Education, 19, 18–26.
Goode, J. (2010). The digital identity divide: how technology knowledge impacts college
students. New media & society, 12(3), 497-513.
Gupta, B., & Koo, Y. (2010). Applications of mobile learning in higher education: An empirical
study. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology
Education, 6(3), 75-87.
Hamblen, M. (2011, May 19). Amazon: E-books now outsell print books. Computerworld.
Retrieved April 20, 2016, from http://www.computerworld.com/article/
2508262/mobile-wireless/amazon--e-books-now-outsell-print-books.html
Herrington, J., Reeves, T. C., & Oliver, R. (2010). A guide to authentic e-learning. NewYork:
Routledge.
Hsu, J. (2007). Innovative technologies for education and learning: Education and knowledgeoriented
applications of blogs, wikis, podcasts, and more. International Journal of
Information and Communication Technology Education, 3(3), 70-89.
Huang, Y. M., Liao, Y. W., Huang, S. H., & Chen, H. C. (2014). A Jigsaw based Cooperative
Learning Approach to Improve Learning Outcomes for Mobile Situated Learning.
Educational Technology & Society, 17(1), 128–140.
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: 2014
Library Edition (Horizon Report). Austin, Texas. The New Media Consortium.
Karchmer‐ Klein, R., & Shinas, V. H. (2012). Guiding principles for supporting new literacies in
your classroom, The Reading Teacher, 65(5), 288-293.
Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W. 1970. Determining sample size for research activities.
Educational & Psychological Measurement, 30: 607–610.
Kiesler, S. & Sproull, L. 1987. Computing and Change on Campus. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Kong, S. C., Chan, T. W., Griffin, P., Hoppe, U., Huang, R., Kinshuk, Looi, C. K., Milrad, M.,
Norris, C., Nussbaum, M., Sharples, M., So, W. M. W., Soloway, E., & Yu, S. (2014). Elearning
in School Education in the Coming 10 Years for Developing 21st Century
Skills: Critical Research Issues and Policy Implications. Educational Technology &
Society, 17(1), 70–78.
Koole, M., & Stack, S. (2016). Doctoral students’ identity positioning in networked learning
environments. Distance Education, 37(1), 41-59.
Krueger, R.A. 1986. Focus group interviewing: A helpful technique for agricultural educators.
The Visitor, 73(7): 1–4.
Lai, C. L., & Hwang, G. J. (2015). An interactive peer-assessment criteria development
approach to improving students' art design performance using handheld devices.
Computers & Education, 85, 149-159.
110
Lee, K. S., & Kim, B. G. (2016). Cross Space: The Exploration of SNS-Based Writing Activities in
a Multimodal Learning Environment. Educational Technology & Society, 19(2), 57–76.
Leeson, H. V. (2006). The mode effect: A literature review of human and technological issues
in computerized testing. International Journal of Testing, 6(1), 1-24.
Lefever, S., Dal, M. & Matthiasdottir, A. 2007. Online data collection in academic research:
advantages and limitations. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(4): 574–
582.
Leye, V. (2007). UNESCO, ICT corporations and the passion of ICT for development:
modernization resurrected. Media, Culture & Society, 29(6), 972–993.
Manzini, E. (2015). Design, when everybody designs: An introduction to design for social
innovation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
McKnight, S. (2011). Here Today and Here Tomorrow. In P. Dale, J. Beard, M. Holland (Eds.),
University Libraries and Digital Learning Environments (pp. 1-14). London: Ashgate.
Miller, J. R. (2016). Teaching Machines: Learning from the Intersection of Education and
Technology by Bill Ferster (review). The Review of Higher Education, 39(2), 306-307.
Mitchell, V. (1996). Assessing the reliability and validity of questionnaires: an empirical
example. Journal of Applied Management Studies, 5, 199-208.
Motiwalla, L. F. (2007). Mobile learning: A framework and evaluation, Computers & Education,
49, 581–596.
MTN Ghana. (n.d.). MTN Ghana Empowers Customers With Free Access To Wikipedia.
Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://mtn.com.gh/about-mtn/press/mtn-ghanaempowers-customers-with-free-access-to-wikipedia
Muianga, Xavier; Hansson, Henrik; Nilsson, Anders; Mondlane, Avelino; Mutimucuio, Inocente;
and Guambe, Alsone (2013) "ICT in Education in Africa - Myth or Reality: A Case
Study of Mozambican Higher Education Institutions". The African Journal of
Information Systems, 5(3), 106-117
Munshi, K. (2010). Characteristics of Design and its implications on Design Education.
Retrieved April 10, 2016, from http://www.idc.iitb.ac.in/munshi/
CHARACTERISTICS%20OF%20DESIGN%20AND%20ITS%20IMPLICATIONS%20ON
%20DESIGN%20%20EDUCATION.pdf
Nilson, L., & Weaver, B. E. (2005). Enhancing Learning with Laptops in the Classroom: New
Directions for Teaching and Learning, Number 101. Wiley.
Oliver, M. (2011). Technological determinism in educational technology research: some
alternative ways of thinking about the relationship between learning and technology.
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(5), 373-384.
Paliktzoglou, V., & Suhonen, J. (2014). Microblogging in Higher Education: The Edmodo Case
Study among Computer Science Learners in Finland. Journal of Cases on Information
Technology, 16(2), 39-57.
Plowright, D. 2011. Using mixed methods: Frameworks for an integrated methodology. Sage
Publications.
Rambe, P. (2015). The role of educational technology in design and delivery of curricula
programmes at a South African university:The case of STEPS at the Central University
of Technology. The African Journal of Information System, 8(2), 86-113.
Salaway G., & Caruso J. (2007). The ECAR Study of Undergraduate Students and Technology.
EDUCAUSE, Boulder, CO.
Salter, D., Pang, M. Y. C., & Sharma, P. (2009). Active tasks to change the use of class time
within an outcomes based approach to curriculum design. Journal of University
Teaching & Learning Practice, 6(1), 26-38.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. 2012. Research Methods for Business Students. 6th ed.
England: Pearson Education Limited.
111
Sharples, M., Adams, A., Ferguson, R., Gaved, M., McAndrew, P., Rienties, B., Weller, M., &
Whitelock, D. (2014). Innovating pedagogy 2014: exploring new forms of teaching,
learning and assessment, to guide educators and policy makers. Retrieved April 20,
2016 from http://www.openuniversity.edu/sites/
www.openuniversity.edu/files/The_Open_University_Innovating_Pedagogy_2014_0.
pdf
Shelly, G. B., Gunter, G. A., & Gunter, R. E. (2012). Teachers discovering computers:
integrating technology in a connected world. Cengage Learning.
Smith, S. D., & Caruso, J. B. (2010). The ECAR Study of Undergraduate Students and
Information Technology, 2010. Colorado: EDUCAUSE.
South African Technology Network (SATN) (2008). Universities of Technology in South Africa:
Position, Role and Function.
Sperber, M. (2005). How undergraduate education became college lite-and a personal
apology. In Hersh R. H., & J. Merrow (Eds.), Declining by degrees: higher education at
risk (pp. 131-143). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Walmsley, A. (2014). Unplug the Kids: Technology Isolates Children from Each Other and May
Be Hampering Their Communication and Collaboration Skills. Phi Delta Kappan,
95(6), 80.
Warburton, S. (2010, June 15). Rhizome: Digital Identity matters. Retrieved November 19,
2014, from http://digitaldisruptions.org/rhizome/wpcontent/uploads/2010/06/rhiz08_DigitalIdentityMatters.pdf
Ward, A. (1990). Ideology, culture and the design studio. Design Studies, 11(1), 10-16.
Warger, T., & Dobbin, G. (2009). Learning Environments: Where Space, Technology, and
Culture Converge. EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative. Retrieved January 1, 2015 from
https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI3021.pdf
West, M. A., Hafner, A. W., & Faust, B. D. (2006). Expanding access to library collections and
services using small-screen devices. Information technology and libraries, 25(2),
103-107.
Wheeler, S. (2012, November 16). Next generation learning [Web log message]. Retrieved
May 10, 2014, from http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com/ 2012/11/next-generationlearning.html
Witecki, G., & Nonnecke, B. (2015). Engagement in Digital Lecture Halls: A Study of Student
Course Engagement and Mobile Device use During Lecture, Journal of Information
Technology Education: Research, 14, 73-90.
Yin, R.K. 2014. Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
Yumurtaci, O. (2017). A Re-Evaluation of Mobile Communication Technology: A Theoretical
Approach for Technology Evaluation in Contemporary Digital Learning. Turkish Online
Journal of Distance Education, 18 (1), 213 – 223.