Zihin Yetersizliği Olan Genç Yetişkinlerin Bağımsız Yaşam Gereksinimleri

Öz

Zihin yetersizliği olan bireyler örgün eğitimlerini tamamladıktan sonra gençlik ve yetişkinlik dönemlerinde okul sonrası eğitimlere katılabilmektedirler. Bu süreçte okuldan mezuniyet ve çalışma yaşamına hazırlanma gibi geçiş dönemleri bireylerin bağımsızlığa adım attığı ve desteğe gereksinim duyduğu dönemlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı zihin yetersizliği olan genç yetişkinlerin (ZYOGY) yetişkinliğe ve çalışma yaşamına hazırlanmalarındaki bağımsız yaşam gereksinimlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma, bu amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desen ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya amaçlı örneklemeyle 10 ZYOGY, 10 ebeveyn, 10 işveren ve 10 öğretmen olmak üzere toplam 40 kişi katılmıştır. İşveren, öğretmen ve ebeveynlerden oluşan 30 kişiyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış, 10 ZYOGY ise gözlenerek beceri kontrol listesi aracılığıyla beceri ve davranışları değerlendirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler tümevarım analiziyle, kontrol listesinden elde edilen veriler betimsel analizle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları ZYOGY’lerin yetişkinliğe ve çalışma yaşamına hazırlanmada bağımsız yaşam becerilerinde güçlük yaşadıkları bu nedenle okul sonrasında bir bağımsız yaşam eğitimine gereksinim olduğunu göstermiştir. ZYOGY’lerin bu dönemde yoğunlukla kişisel bakım ve temizlik, kişilerarası beceriler, güvenlik ve sağlık becerileri ve istihdam edilebilirlik becerilerine gereksinim duydukları görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zihin yetersizliği olan genç yetişkinler,bağımsız yaşam,gereksinim belirleme

Independent Living Needs of Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the independent living needs of young adults with intellectual disability (YAID) in preparing for adulthood and work life. This study was conducted using the phenomenological design, which is one of the qualitative research methods. 10 YAIDs were observed, their skills were evaluated, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 30 individuals consisting of 10 individuals from each group, with their parents, employers, and teachers regarding the employment education course. The results of the study indicated that YAIDs had difficulties in independent living skills and adaptation to work rather than employment skills while preparing for adulthood and work life and that those difficulties were mostly due to the lack of knowledge and skills. It was revealed that the needs of YAIDs in preparing for work life were primarily personal care and hygiene, interpersonal skills and self-determination, employability skills, sexual education, and safety skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Young adults with intellectual disabilities,independent living,determination of needs

Kaynakça

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