Rekreasyon Deneyimi, Memnuniyet ve Çevreye Duyarlı Davranış İlişkisi: Horma Kanyonu Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 15 - 28, 15.06.2021

Çetin Akkuş , Selda Yordam

Öz

Günümüzde değişen ve gelişen ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel faktörlerle birlikte, bireylerin boş zamanını değerlendirme biçimleri farklılaşmaktadır. Bu farklılaşmadan kaynaklı olarak doğa temelli aktiviteler son zamanlarda oldukça talep gören turistik ürün ve hizmetler haline gelmiştir. Rekreasyon deneyimleri de doğa temelli turizmde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Doğa temelli turizm ile ilişkili rekreasyon deneyimi, doğa temelli turistlerin çevreye duyarlı davranışlarını artırmak için çok önemli bir faktördür. Sürdürülebilir kaynak devamlılığı ve çevre kalitesi için bireylerin çevreye duyarlı davranışı önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, turistin çevresel olarak sürdürülebilir ilkeleri benimsemesine yardımcı olmak ve çevreyle ilgili konularda farkındalığını artırmak deneyimin ana amaçları arasında yer almaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada olumlu yönde rekreasyon deneyimi yaşayan turistlerin çevreye duyarlı davranışının da artacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırmada turistlerin rekreasyon deneyimi, turist memnuniyeti ve çevreye duyarlı davranış ilişkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Kastamonu ili Küre Dağları Milli Parkı içerisinde yer alan Horma Kanyonu’nu ziyaret eden turistler arasında kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle 310 katılımcıya ulaşılmış ve anket tekniği uygulanmıştır. Analizler neticesinde rekreasyon deneyiminin turist memnuniyeti ve çevreye duyarlı davranışı olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca turist memnuniyetinin aracılık rolü üstlendiği çalışmanın bir diğer sonucunu oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulardan yararlanılarak birtakım öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rekreasyon Deneyimi, Memnuniyet, Çevreye Duyarlı Davranış, Horma Kanyonu

The Relationship Between Recreational Experience, Satisfaction and Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Case of Horma Canyon

Öz

With today’s changing and developing economic, social and environmental factors, the ways that people using their leisure time are getting differentiated. Due to this differentiation, nature-based activities have recently become highly demanded touristic products and services. Recreational experiences also play an important role in nature-based tourism. The recreational experience associated with nature-based tourism is a very important factor in increasing the environmentally sensitive behavior of nature-based tourists. For the sustainable resource continuity and environmental quality, environmentally responsible behavior of individuals is important. In this context, helping the tourist to adopt environmentally sustainable principles and raising awareness of environmental issues are among the main purposes of the experience. In this study, it is thought that the environmentally responsible behavior of tourists who have a positive recreational experience will increase. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the relationship between tourists' recreational experience, tourist satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior. For this purpose, 310 participants among the tourists visiting the Horma Canyon in the Küre Mountains National Park of Kastamonu province were reached with the convenience sampling method and the survey technique was applied. As a result of the analyses, it has been determined that the recreation experience positively affects the tourist satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior. Another conclusion of the study was that the tourist satisfaction assumed an intermediary role. Some suggestions were offered using the findings obtained.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Recreation Experience, Satisfaction, Environmentally Responsible Behavior

Kaynakça

• Referans1 Agyeiwaah, E., Otoo, F. E., Suntikul, W., & Huang, W-J. (2018). Understanding culinary tourist motivation, experience, satisfaction, and loyalty using a structural approach. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36 (3), 295-313.
• Referans2 Ali, F., Ryu, K. & Hussain, K. (2015). Influence of experiences on memories, satisfaction and behavioral ıntentions: A study of creative tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(1), 85–100. Referans3 Altunışık, R., Çoşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı. Geliştirilmiş 7. Baskı, Sakarya Yayıncılık.
• Referans4 Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., & Falk, J. (2011a). Visitors’ learning for environmental sustainability: Testing short- and long-term impacts of wildlife tourism experiences using structural equation modeling. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1243-1252.
• Referans5 Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., ve Sutherland, L.A. (2011b). Visitors’ memories of wildlife tourism: Implications for the design of powerful interpretive experiences. tourism management, 32(4), 770-779.
• Referans6 Chiu, Y.-T. H., Lee, W.-I., & Chen, T.-H. (2014). Environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism: Antecedents and implications. Tourism Management, 40, 321–329.
• Referans7 Coghlan, A. (2012). Linking natural resource management to tourist satisfaction: a study of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20 (1), 41-58.
• Referans8 Duerden, M.D., & Witt, P.A. (2010). The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 379-392.
• Referans9 Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. 7. Baskı. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Referans10 Han, J., Lee, M., & Hwang, Y. (2016). Tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior in response to climate change and tourist experiences in nature-based tourism. Sustainability, 8, 644.
• Referans11 Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford.
• Referans12 Heung, V., & Cheng, E. (2000). Assessing tourists’ satisfaction with shopping in the hong kong special administrative region of China. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 396-404.
• Referans13 Hosany, S., & Witham, M. (2010). Dimensions of cruisers’ experiences, satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 315-346.
• Referans14 Huang, Y., Scott, N., Ding, P., & Cheng, D. (2012). Impression of Liusanjie: Effect of mood on experience and satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(1), 91–10.
• Referans15 Iwata, O. (2001). Attitudinal determinants of environmentally responsible behavior. Social Behaviors and Personality, 29(2), 183–190.
• Referans16 Kim, J-H. (2018). The ımpact of memorable tourism experiences on loyalty behaviors: the mediating effects of destination ımage and satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 57 (7), 856-870.
• Referans17 Ko, Y-S., Park, S-H., & Lee, K-Y. (2018). Railbike experience and tourist satisfaction, International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 18 (1), 65-74.
• Referans18 Kozak, M., & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off-season holiday destination, Journal of Travel Research, 38,260-269.
• Referans19 Kozak, M., Bigne, E., & Andreu, L. (2004). Satisfaction and destination loyalty: A comparison between non- repeat and repeat tourists, Journal of Quality Insurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 5(1), 43- 59.
• Referans20 Kurar, İ. (2020). Halkın rekreasyon deneyimi tercihi: Alanya Dim Çayı vadisi örneği. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 6 (2), 140-155.
• Referans21 Lee, W. H., & Moscardo, G. (2005). Understanding the impact of ecotourism resort experiencing on tourists' environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13(6), 546–656.
• Referans22 Lee, T. H. (2011). How recreation involvement, place attachment, conservation commitment affect environmentally responsible behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(7), 895–915.
• Referans23 Lee, T. H., Jan, F.H., & Yang, C.-C. (2013). Conceptualizing and measuring environmentally responsible behaviors from the perspective of community-based tourists. Tourism Management, 36, 454-468.
• Referans24 Lee, T. H., & Jan, F.H. (2015a). The effects of recreation experience, environmental attitude, and biospheric value on the environmentally responsible behavior of nature-based tourists, Environmental Management, 56 (1), 193-208.
• Referans25 Lee, T. H., & Jan, F.H. (2015b). The influence of recreation experience and environmental attitude on the environmentally responsible behavior of community-based tourists in Taiwan, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23 (7), 1063-1094.
• Referans26 Lee, T. H., Jan, F.H., & Huang, G.W. (2015). The ınfluence of recreation experiences on environmentally responsible behavior: The Case of Liuqiu Island, Taiwan, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(6), 947-967.
• Referans27 Lin, Y. H., & Lee, T. H. (2019). How do recreation experiences affect visitors’ environmentally responsible behavior? Evidence from recreationists visiting ancient trails in Taiwan. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(5), 705-726.
• Referans28 Liu, X., Huang, D., & Li, Z. (2018). Examining relationships among perceived benefit, tourist experience and satisfaction: the context of intelligent sharing bicycle, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(5), 437-449.
• Referans29 McCool, S.F. (2006). Managing for visitor experiences in protected areas: promising opportunities and fundamental challenges. Parks, 16 (2), 3-9.
• Referans30 McIntosh, A.J., & Siggs, A. (2005). An exploration of the experiential nature of boutique accommodation, Journal of Travel Research, 44(1), 74–81.
• Referans31 Mehmetoglu, M. ve Engen, M. (2011). Pine and Gilmore's concept of experience economy and ıts dimensions: an empirical examination in tourism, Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 12(4), 237-255.
• Referans32 Mobley, C., Vagias, W.M., ve DeWard, S.L. (2010). Exploring additional determinants of environmentally responsible behavior: The influence of environmental literature and environmental attitudes. Environment and Behavior, 42(4), 420-447.
• Referans33 Oh, H., Fiore, A.M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: Tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46, 119-132.
• Referans34 Park, M., Oh, H., & Park, J. (2010). Measuring the experience economy of film festival participants, International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 10 (2), 35-54.
• Referans35 Poulsson, S.H.G., & Kale, S.H. (2004). The experience economy and commercial experiences. The Marketing Review, 4, 267-277.
• Referans36 Quadri-Felitti, D. L., & Fiore, A. M. (2013). Destination loyalty: Effects of wine tourists’ experiences, memories, and satisfaction on intentions. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(1), 47–62.
• Referans37 Ramkissoon, H., & Mavondo, F. (2014). Proenvironmental behavior: The link between place attachment and place satisfaction. Tourism Analysis, 19(6), 673-688.
• Referans38 Ramkissoon, H., Smith, L.D.G. ve Weiler, B. (2013). Relationships between place attachment, place satisfaction and pro-environmental behaviour in an Australian national park. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21 (3), 434-457.
• Referans39 Sangpikul, A. (2018). The effects of travel experience dimensions on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: the case of an island destination, International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(2), 1-15.
• Referans40 Song, H. J., Lee, C. K., Park, J. A., Hwang, Y. H., & Reisinger, Y. (2015). The influence of tourist experience on perceived value and satisfaction with temple stays: The experience economy theory. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(4), 401-415.
• Referans41 Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 309–317.
• Referans42 Stern, P. C. (2000). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424.
• Referans43 Su, L., Huang, S., & Pearce, J. (2018). How does destination social responsibility contribute to environmentally responsible behaviour? A destination resident perspective. Journal of Business Research, 86, 179-189.
• Referans44 Su, L., & Hsu, M.K. (2013). Service fairness, consumption emotions, satisfaction, and behavioral ıntentions: the experience of chinese heritage tourists. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(8), 786-805.
• Referans45 Thapa, B. (2010). The mediating effect of outdoor recreation participation on environmental attitude-behavior correspondence. Journal of Environmental Education, 41(3), 133-150.
• Referans46 Tynan, C., & McKechnie, S. (2009). Experience marketing: A review and reassessment. Journal of Marketing Management, 25(5/6), 501-517.
• Referans47 Wang, Y.H., Wang, Y.H., Chiu, J.H., Liou, J.Y., & Yang, Y.S. (2015). Recreation benefit, recreation experience, satisfaction, and revisit intention –evidence from Mo Zai Dun Story Island. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 2(2), 53-61.
• Referans48 Xu, S., Kim, H. J., Liang, M., & Ryu, K. (2018). Interrelationships between tourist involvement, tourist experience, and environmentally responsible behavior: a case study of Nansha Wetland Park, China. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(7), 856-868.
• Referans49 Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, 26, 45-56.