Araştırma Makalesi
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Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism with Entropy and Waspas Methods

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 259 - 271, 29.12.2021

Öz

The aim of this paper is twofold. The first aim is to deal with the impact of COVID-19 crisis on the tourism sector and its reflections to the economy. The other aim is to create an index covering 10 world leading countries in tourism and to make a performance ranking for the year 2019, which was the last normal tourism year before the COVID-19 crisis. This study covers 10 countries among the top 15 world leading countries in tourism, where the relevant dataset can be accessed. “Entropy” and “Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS)” methods are used in the creation of this ranking. According to the ranking determined by Entropy and WASPAS methods, the performance ranking of countries is respectively; the US, Thailand, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Germany, Japan, Mexico, and Austria. This paper shows the huge impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector due to travel restrictions and border closures and the effects of the crisis are far bigger than the previous crises. Future studies will show how the performance ranking of tourism leading countries will change after the COVID-19 crisis.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Y. (2020). Yeni Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Salgını ve Turizm Faaliyetlerine Etkisi, Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 7-21.
  • Akin, A., Şimşek, M., Y. & Akin, A. (2012).Turizm Sektörünün Ekonomideki Yeri ve Önemi, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 4(7), 63-81.
  • Albeni, M. & Ongun, U. (2005). Antalya Turizminin Türk Turizmi İçindeki Yeri ve Krizlerin Antalya Turizmi Üzerindeki Etkileri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 93-112.
  • Altan, Ş. (2020). Maut Yöntemi, Örnek Uygulamalarla Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri, içinde, (Ed. M.Atan, Ş.Altan), Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, Bölüm 12, 191-206.
  • Aydoğuş, O. (2020). Salgın ve Ekonomik Kriz, İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, 114, 11-17.
  • Bahar, O., & Çelik İlal, N. (2020). Coronavirüsün (Covid-19) Turizm Sektörü Üzerindeki Ekonomik Etkileri, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 6(1), 125-139.
  • Barua, S. (2020). Understanding Coronanomics: The Economic Implications of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-45, https://mpra.ub.-unimuenchen.de/99693/
  • Brauers, W. K. M., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2012). Robustness of MULTIMOORA: A Method for Multi-Objective Optimization. Informatica, 23(1), 1-25.
  • Çeti, B. & Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Salgın Hastalıklar Sebebiyle Oluşan Krizlerin Turizm Sektörü Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. AHBVÜ Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 109-128.
  • Çimat, A. & Bahar, O. (2003). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye Ekonomisi İçindeki Yeri Ve Önemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 6, 1-18.
  • Dilber, İ. (2007). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Girdi-Çıktı Tablosu Yardımıyla Değerlendirilmesi, Yönetim ve Ekonomi 14(2), 205-220.
  • Ecer, F. (2020), Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Fotiadis, A., Polyzos, S., &. Huan, T.C. (2021). (The good, the bad and the ugly on COVID-19 tourism recovery, Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103117, 1-14.
  • Garg, H., Agarwal, N., & Tripathi, A. (2015). Entropy Based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method Under Fuzzy Environment and Unknown Attribute Weights. Global Journal of Technology and Optimization, 6(3), 13-20.
  • Göçen, S., Yirik, Ş. & Yılmaz, Y. (2011). Türkiye’de Krizler ve Krizlerin Turizm Sektörüne Etkileri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 493-509.
  • Gössling, S., Scott, D. & Hall, C., M. (2021) Pandemics, Tourism and Global Change: A Rapid Assessment of COVID-19, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1-20.
  • Gürlek, M. & Kılıç, İ. (2021). A True Friend Becomes Apparent on A Rainy Day: Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of Top Hotels During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Current Issues In Tourism, 24(7), 905–918.
  • İbiş, S. (2020). Covıd-19 Salgınının Seyahat Acentaları Üzerine Etkisi, Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 85-98.
  • Karabašević, D., Stanujkić, D., Urošević, S., & Maksimović, M. (2016). An Approach To Personnel Selection Based on SWARA and WASPAS Methods. Bizinfo (Blace) Journal of Economics, Management and Informatics, 7(1), 1-11.
  • Kervankıran, İ. & Bağmacı, M. F. (2021). COVID-19 Sürecinde Türkiye Turizminin Mekansal Görünümü: Hangi İl Nasıl Etkilendi?, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 263-287.
  • Kervankıran, İ., & Bağmancı, M.F. (2020). Bildiğimiz Turizmin Sonu Mu? COVID-19’un Türkiye’deki Turizm Hareketliliğine Etkisi, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 76, 19-32.
  • Kiper, V., O., Saraç, Ö., Çolak, O. & Batman, O. (2020). Covıd-19 Salgınıyla Oluşan Krizlerin Turizm Faaliyetleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Turizm Akademisyenleri Tarafından Değerlendirilmesi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(43), 527-551.
  • Köşker, H. (2017). Krizlerin Turizm Sektörüne Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma: 2016 Yılı Türkiye Örneği, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, (62), 216-230.
  • Polyzos, S., Samitas A. & Spyridou, A., Ef. (2021). Tourism Demand and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An LSTM Approach, Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 175–187.
  • Qiu, R.,T.,R., Park, J., Li, S., & Song, H. (2020). Social Costs of Tourism During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994, 1-14.
  • Rogerson, C.M & Rogerson, J.M. (2021). COVID-19 and Changing Tourism Demand: Research Review and Policy Implications for South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(1), 1-21.
  • Roman, M., Niedziółka A. & Krasnodebski, A. (2020). Respondents’ Involvement in Tourist Activities at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Sustainability, 12, 9610; doi:10.3390/su12229610, 1-21.
  • Sarkhanov, T. & Tutar, H. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Azerbaycan Turizmi: Sektör Temsilcisi Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 32(1), 7-18.
  • Schwartz, D. A. & Graham, A. L. (2020). Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-Ncov Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections, Viruses, 12(2), 2-16.
  • Seraphin, H. & Dosquet, F. (2020). Mountain Tourism and Second Home Tourism As Post COVID-19 Lockdown Placebo?, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 12(4), 485-500.
  • Shannon, C. E. (1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379-423.
  • Skare, M., Soriano, D.R., & Porada-Rochon, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the Travel and Tourism İndustry, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 163, 1-14.
  • Triantaphyllou, E. (2000). Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods. In Multi-criteria decision making methods: A comparative study (pp. 5-21). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Triantaphyllou, E., & Mann, S. H. (1989). An Examination of the Effectiveness of Multi-Dimensional Decision-Making Methods: A Decision-Making Paradox. Decision Support Systems, 5(3), 303-312.
  • Türker, A. & Karaca, K. Ç. (2020). Yeni Tip Koronavirüs ( COVID-19) Salgını Sonrası Turizm ve Turist Rehberliği. Turist Rehberliği Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-19.
  • TURSAB (Türkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birliği ), (2020). Covid-19 Sürecinde Türkiye ve Dünya Turizmi, https://www.tursab.org.tr/assets/assets/uploads/arastirmalar/-covid-19-surecinde-turkiye-ve-dunya-turizmi.pdf. (Date of Access: 06.18.2020).
  • UNWTO (Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Turizm Örgütü). (2021). World Tourism Barometer, January/2021. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-world-tourism-barometer-data. (Date of Access: 06.18.2021).
  • Wang, Y. (2009). The Impact of Crisis Events And Macroeconomic Activity on Taiwan’s International Inbound Tourism Demand, Tourism Management, 30(1), 75-82.
  • Wen, J. Kozak, M. Yang, S. & Liu, F. (2020). COVID-19: Potential Effects on Chinese Citizens’ Lifestyle and Travel. Tour. Rev. 1-15.
  • WHO (Dünya Sağlık Örgütü), (2021). https://covid19.who.int/ (Date of Access: 06.19. 2021).
  • WTTC (Dünya Seyahat ve Turizm Konseyi), (2020). Recovery Scenarios 2020 & Economic Impact from COVID-19. World Travel and Tourism Council, https://wttc.org/-Research/Economic-Impact/RecoveryScenarios-2020-Economic-Impact-from-COVID-19, (Date of Access: 06.16.2021).
  • Yang, B. Y., Hongru, Z., & Xiang, C. (2020). Koronavirus Pandemic and Tourism: Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modeling of Infectious Disease Outbreak, Annals of Tourism Research, 83: 102913. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.102913.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Antucheviciene, J., Saparauskas, J., & Turskis, Z. (2013b). MCDM Methods WASPAS and MULTIMOORA: Verification of Robustness of Methods When Assessing Alternative Solutions. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 47(2), 5-20.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Antucheviciene, J., Šaparauskas, J., & Turskis, Z. (2013a). Multi-Criteria Assessment of Facades’ Alternatives: Peculiarities of Ranking Methodology. Procedia Engineering, 57, 107-112.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J., & Zakarevicius, A. (2012). Optimization of Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment. Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika, 122(6), 3-6.
  • Zhang, H., Song, H., Wen, L., & Liu, C. (2021). Forecasting Tourism Recovery Amid COVİD-19, Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, 87 (103149), https://doi.org/10.1016/-j.annals.2021.103149.
  • Zheng, Y. Y., Ma, T. Y., Zhang, Y. J. & Xie, X. (2020), COVID-19 and the Cardiovascular System, Nature Reviews Cardiology, 17(5), 259-260.
  • https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/81939,3103turizmistatistikleri2020-4pdf.pdf?0 (Date of Access: 06.23.2021).
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 259 - 271, 29.12.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Y. (2020). Yeni Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Salgını ve Turizm Faaliyetlerine Etkisi, Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 7-21.
  • Akin, A., Şimşek, M., Y. & Akin, A. (2012).Turizm Sektörünün Ekonomideki Yeri ve Önemi, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 4(7), 63-81.
  • Albeni, M. & Ongun, U. (2005). Antalya Turizminin Türk Turizmi İçindeki Yeri ve Krizlerin Antalya Turizmi Üzerindeki Etkileri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 93-112.
  • Altan, Ş. (2020). Maut Yöntemi, Örnek Uygulamalarla Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri, içinde, (Ed. M.Atan, Ş.Altan), Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, Bölüm 12, 191-206.
  • Aydoğuş, O. (2020). Salgın ve Ekonomik Kriz, İktisat ve Toplum Dergisi, 114, 11-17.
  • Bahar, O., & Çelik İlal, N. (2020). Coronavirüsün (Covid-19) Turizm Sektörü Üzerindeki Ekonomik Etkileri, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 6(1), 125-139.
  • Barua, S. (2020). Understanding Coronanomics: The Economic Implications of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-45, https://mpra.ub.-unimuenchen.de/99693/
  • Brauers, W. K. M., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2012). Robustness of MULTIMOORA: A Method for Multi-Objective Optimization. Informatica, 23(1), 1-25.
  • Çeti, B. & Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Salgın Hastalıklar Sebebiyle Oluşan Krizlerin Turizm Sektörü Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. AHBVÜ Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 109-128.
  • Çimat, A. & Bahar, O. (2003). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye Ekonomisi İçindeki Yeri Ve Önemi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 6, 1-18.
  • Dilber, İ. (2007). Turizm Sektörünün Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Girdi-Çıktı Tablosu Yardımıyla Değerlendirilmesi, Yönetim ve Ekonomi 14(2), 205-220.
  • Ecer, F. (2020), Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Fotiadis, A., Polyzos, S., &. Huan, T.C. (2021). (The good, the bad and the ugly on COVID-19 tourism recovery, Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103117, 1-14.
  • Garg, H., Agarwal, N., & Tripathi, A. (2015). Entropy Based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method Under Fuzzy Environment and Unknown Attribute Weights. Global Journal of Technology and Optimization, 6(3), 13-20.
  • Göçen, S., Yirik, Ş. & Yılmaz, Y. (2011). Türkiye’de Krizler ve Krizlerin Turizm Sektörüne Etkileri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 493-509.
  • Gössling, S., Scott, D. & Hall, C., M. (2021) Pandemics, Tourism and Global Change: A Rapid Assessment of COVID-19, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1-20.
  • Gürlek, M. & Kılıç, İ. (2021). A True Friend Becomes Apparent on A Rainy Day: Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of Top Hotels During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Current Issues In Tourism, 24(7), 905–918.
  • İbiş, S. (2020). Covıd-19 Salgınının Seyahat Acentaları Üzerine Etkisi, Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 85-98.
  • Karabašević, D., Stanujkić, D., Urošević, S., & Maksimović, M. (2016). An Approach To Personnel Selection Based on SWARA and WASPAS Methods. Bizinfo (Blace) Journal of Economics, Management and Informatics, 7(1), 1-11.
  • Kervankıran, İ. & Bağmacı, M. F. (2021). COVID-19 Sürecinde Türkiye Turizminin Mekansal Görünümü: Hangi İl Nasıl Etkilendi?, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 19(1), 263-287.
  • Kervankıran, İ., & Bağmancı, M.F. (2020). Bildiğimiz Turizmin Sonu Mu? COVID-19’un Türkiye’deki Turizm Hareketliliğine Etkisi, Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, 76, 19-32.
  • Kiper, V., O., Saraç, Ö., Çolak, O. & Batman, O. (2020). Covıd-19 Salgınıyla Oluşan Krizlerin Turizm Faaliyetleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Turizm Akademisyenleri Tarafından Değerlendirilmesi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(43), 527-551.
  • Köşker, H. (2017). Krizlerin Turizm Sektörüne Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma: 2016 Yılı Türkiye Örneği, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, (62), 216-230.
  • Polyzos, S., Samitas A. & Spyridou, A., Ef. (2021). Tourism Demand and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An LSTM Approach, Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 175–187.
  • Qiu, R.,T.,R., Park, J., Li, S., & Song, H. (2020). Social Costs of Tourism During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994, 1-14.
  • Rogerson, C.M & Rogerson, J.M. (2021). COVID-19 and Changing Tourism Demand: Research Review and Policy Implications for South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(1), 1-21.
  • Roman, M., Niedziółka A. & Krasnodebski, A. (2020). Respondents’ Involvement in Tourist Activities at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Sustainability, 12, 9610; doi:10.3390/su12229610, 1-21.
  • Sarkhanov, T. & Tutar, H. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Azerbaycan Turizmi: Sektör Temsilcisi Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 32(1), 7-18.
  • Schwartz, D. A. & Graham, A. L. (2020). Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-Ncov Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections, Viruses, 12(2), 2-16.
  • Seraphin, H. & Dosquet, F. (2020). Mountain Tourism and Second Home Tourism As Post COVID-19 Lockdown Placebo?, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 12(4), 485-500.
  • Shannon, C. E. (1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379-423.
  • Skare, M., Soriano, D.R., & Porada-Rochon, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the Travel and Tourism İndustry, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 163, 1-14.
  • Triantaphyllou, E. (2000). Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods. In Multi-criteria decision making methods: A comparative study (pp. 5-21). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Triantaphyllou, E., & Mann, S. H. (1989). An Examination of the Effectiveness of Multi-Dimensional Decision-Making Methods: A Decision-Making Paradox. Decision Support Systems, 5(3), 303-312.
  • Türker, A. & Karaca, K. Ç. (2020). Yeni Tip Koronavirüs ( COVID-19) Salgını Sonrası Turizm ve Turist Rehberliği. Turist Rehberliği Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(1), 1-19.
  • TURSAB (Türkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birliği ), (2020). Covid-19 Sürecinde Türkiye ve Dünya Turizmi, https://www.tursab.org.tr/assets/assets/uploads/arastirmalar/-covid-19-surecinde-turkiye-ve-dunya-turizmi.pdf. (Date of Access: 06.18.2020).
  • UNWTO (Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Turizm Örgütü). (2021). World Tourism Barometer, January/2021. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-world-tourism-barometer-data. (Date of Access: 06.18.2021).
  • Wang, Y. (2009). The Impact of Crisis Events And Macroeconomic Activity on Taiwan’s International Inbound Tourism Demand, Tourism Management, 30(1), 75-82.
  • Wen, J. Kozak, M. Yang, S. & Liu, F. (2020). COVID-19: Potential Effects on Chinese Citizens’ Lifestyle and Travel. Tour. Rev. 1-15.
  • WHO (Dünya Sağlık Örgütü), (2021). https://covid19.who.int/ (Date of Access: 06.19. 2021).
  • WTTC (Dünya Seyahat ve Turizm Konseyi), (2020). Recovery Scenarios 2020 & Economic Impact from COVID-19. World Travel and Tourism Council, https://wttc.org/-Research/Economic-Impact/RecoveryScenarios-2020-Economic-Impact-from-COVID-19, (Date of Access: 06.16.2021).
  • Yang, B. Y., Hongru, Z., & Xiang, C. (2020). Koronavirus Pandemic and Tourism: Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modeling of Infectious Disease Outbreak, Annals of Tourism Research, 83: 102913. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.102913.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Antucheviciene, J., Saparauskas, J., & Turskis, Z. (2013b). MCDM Methods WASPAS and MULTIMOORA: Verification of Robustness of Methods When Assessing Alternative Solutions. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 47(2), 5-20.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Antucheviciene, J., Šaparauskas, J., & Turskis, Z. (2013a). Multi-Criteria Assessment of Facades’ Alternatives: Peculiarities of Ranking Methodology. Procedia Engineering, 57, 107-112.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J., & Zakarevicius, A. (2012). Optimization of Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment. Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika, 122(6), 3-6.
  • Zhang, H., Song, H., Wen, L., & Liu, C. (2021). Forecasting Tourism Recovery Amid COVİD-19, Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, 87 (103149), https://doi.org/10.1016/-j.annals.2021.103149.
  • Zheng, Y. Y., Ma, T. Y., Zhang, Y. J. & Xie, X. (2020), COVID-19 and the Cardiovascular System, Nature Reviews Cardiology, 17(5), 259-260.
  • https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/81939,3103turizmistatistikleri2020-4pdf.pdf?0 (Date of Access: 06.23.2021).
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Utku Ongun 0000-0002-0722-6382

İbrahim Dağlı 0000-0001-8199-821X

Levent Kösekahyaoğlu 0000-0002-5466-5396

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Temmuz 2021
Kabul Tarihi 16 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ongun, U., Dağlı, İ., & Kösekahyaoğlu, L. (2021). Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism with Entropy and Waspas Methods. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 8(2), 259-271.
AMA Ongun U, Dağlı İ, Kösekahyaoğlu L. Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism with Entropy and Waspas Methods. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. Aralık 2021;8(2):259-271.
Chicago Ongun, Utku, İbrahim Dağlı, ve Levent Kösekahyaoğlu. “Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism With Entropy and Waspas Methods”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Aralık 2021): 259-71.
EndNote Ongun U, Dağlı İ, Kösekahyaoğlu L (01 Aralık 2021) Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism with Entropy and Waspas Methods. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 8 2 259–271.
IEEE U. Ongun, İ. Dağlı, ve L. Kösekahyaoğlu, “Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism with Entropy and Waspas Methods”, Turizm Akademik Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 259–271, 2021.
ISNAD Ongun, Utku vd. “Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism With Entropy and Waspas Methods”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 8/2 (Aralık 2021), 259-271.
JAMA Ongun U, Dağlı İ, Kösekahyaoğlu L. Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism with Entropy and Waspas Methods. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2021;8:259–271.
MLA Ongun, Utku vd. “Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism With Entropy and Waspas Methods”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 259-71.
Vancouver Ongun U, Dağlı İ, Kösekahyaoğlu L. Comparison of the Pre-Pandemi Performances of the Leading Countries in Tourism with Entropy and Waspas Methods. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2021;8(2):259-71.