A qualitative case study on the evaluation of work-related depression in hotel workers: Kuşadası sample

Melda Meliha Erbaş; Ozan Esen

doi:10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1567417

EN TR

A qualitative case study on the evaluation of work-related depression in hotel workers: Kuşadası sample

Abstract

Work-related depression is a state of inactivity, inability to future, uncertainty about what to do in the future, and giving up trying. Depression both harms the individual and poses an economic risk for the workplace. This study is an interdisciplinary study that aims to examine the problems experienced in the tourism sector in terms of mental health. The study aims to evaluate work-related depression symptoms, risk factors, and protective factors in hotel employees. The study was conducted in 5-star hotels in Kusadasi, one of the major tourism centers in Turkiye. Interviews were conducted with 15 volunteers working in different positions in six hotels determined by a purposive sampling method. The data obtained were analyzed by content analysis. Research findings were categorized under two themes: risk factors and protective factors. The findings suggest that factors such as workplace injustice, stress, and negative relationships (with customers, other employees, and family members) can be risk factors for workplace depression in hotel employees, whereas positive personality traits, social relationships, and economic security are protective factors. In addition, positive and negative future career expectations were found to be workplace-related variables.

Keywords

Hotel employees , Work-related depression , Risk factors , Protective factors

Otel çalışanlarında işe bağlı depresyonun değerlendirilmesi üzerine nitel bir vaka çalışması: Kuşadası örneği

Öz

İşe bağlı depresyon, işyerinde bireylerde görülen hareketsizlik, gelecekte ne yapacağına dair belirsizlik ve denemekten vazgeçme durumudur. Depresyon, hem bireyin kendisine zarar vermekte hem de işyeri açısından ekonomik bir risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, turizm sektöründe yaşanan sıkıntıları ruh sağlığı açısından incelemeyi amaçlayan disiplinler arası bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın amacı; otel çalışanlarında işe bağlı depresyon belirtilerini, risk faktörlerini ve koruyucu faktörleri değerlendirmektir. Araştırma, Kuşadası'nda faaliyet gösteren 5 yıldızlı otellerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen, otellerde farklı pozisyonlarda çalışan 15 gönüllü ile bireysel görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analiziyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucuna göre; risk faktörleri ve koruyucu faktörler olmak üzere iki tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bulgular; işyerindeki adaletsizlik, stres gibi etmenlerin, müşteriyle, diğer çalışanlarla ve aile üyeleriyle negatif ilişkilerin otel çalışanlarında işyeri depresyonu için birer risk faktörü olabileceğini; öte yandan olumlu kişilik özellikleri, sosyal ilişkiler ve ekonomik güvencenin koruyucu faktörler olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca kariyere yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz gelecek beklentilerinin işyeri depresyonuyla ilişkili değişkenler olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Otel çalışanları , İşe bağlı depresyon , Risk faktörleri , Koruyucu faktörler

Kaynakça

Aguiar-Quintana, T., Nguyen, T. H. H., Araujo-Cabrera, Y., & Sanabria-Díaz, J. M. (2021). Do job insecurity, anxiety and depression caused by the COVID-19 pandemic influence hotel employees’ self-rated task performance? The moderating role of employee resilience. International Journal of Accommodation Management, 94, 102868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102868
Ahmad, A., Barakbah, S. M. B. S. F., & Singh, B. R. S. N. (2021). Employee stress and turnover ıntentions of employees in hotel organizations. Current Trends in Management and Information Technology, 18, 23-39. https://doi.org/10.14704/WEB/V18SI05/WEB1821
Ahola, K., Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., Mutanen, P., & Honkonen, T. (2012). Resource-enhancing group intervention against depression at workplace: who benefits? A randomised controlled study with a 7-month follow-up. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69(12), 870-876. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100450
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (5th ed.), American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA.
Antwi, S. K., & Hamza, K. (2015). Qualitative and quantitative research paradigms in business research: A philosophical reflection. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 217-225.
Aslan, M., & Kayar, M. Ş. (2023). The relationship between organizational trust, organizational loneliness and organizational depression: an application in Kahramanmaraş. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 8(1), 94-103.
Atlantis, E., Chow, C. M., Kirby, A., & Singh, M. F. (2004). An effective exercise-based intervention for improving mental health and quality of life measures: a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med, (39), 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.007
Baba, V. V., Galperin, B. L., & Lituchy, T. R. (1999). Occupational mental health: a study of work- related depression among nurses in the Caribbean. International journal of nursing studies, 36(2), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(99)00002-4
Bilchik, G. S. (2000). Organizational depression. Hospitals & Health Networks, 74(2), 34-38.
Boz, H., Yilmaz, O., Arslan, A., & Koç, E. (2016). A comparison of depression and turnover intentions of hotel employees in all-inclusive and non-all-inclusive hotels. Global İssues and Trends in Tourism, 372-382.

Chmiliar, L. (2010). Multiple-case designs. In A. J. Mills, G. Eurepas & E. Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research, pp. 582-583, USA: SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Doo, E. Y. & Choi, S. (2022). Effect of nurses' work experiences in a covıd-19 unit on depression: mediation effect of resilience and moderated mediation effect of organizational trust. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.897506
Dwyer, L., & Forsyth, P. (2010). Tourism economics and policy, Bristol: Channel View Publications.
Erdil, O., Keskin, H., İmamoğlu, S. Z., & Erat, S. (2004). The relationship between supervision style, working conditions, co-workers’ behavior, recognition, and job satisfaction: a field research on textile firms. Dogus University Journal, 5(1), 17-26.
Esen, O., Atay, H., & Gürdoğan, A. (2023). A review of the career expectations of hotel employees: sample of Kusadası. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 11(2), 906-929. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2023.1225
Etehadi, B., & Karatepe, O.M. (2019). The impact of job insecurity on critical hotel employee outcomes: the mediating role of self-efficacy. J. Hosp. Mark. Manag. 28(6), 665–689. https:// doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1556768.
Glesne, C. (2014). Ön hazırlıklar: sizin için iyi olanı yapmak. (Translate, P. Yalçınoğlu). In A. Ersoy- P. Yalçınoğlu (Ed.) Nitel araştırmaya giriş (4th ed.), Ankara: Anı Publishing.
Grey-Stanley, J. A., Muramatsu, N., Heller, T., Hughes, S., Johnson, T.P., & Ramirez-Valles, J. (2010). Work stress and depression among direct support professionals: The role of work support and locus of control. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 749761. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01303.
Hall, G. B., Dollard, M. F., Winefield, A. H., Dormann, C., & Bakker, A. B. (2013). Psychosocial safety climate buffers effects of job demands on depression and positive organizational behaviors. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 26(4), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2012.700477
Hodari, D., Waldthausen, V., & Sturman, M. (2014). Hodari, D., Waldthausen, V., & Sturman, M. (2014). Outsourcing and role stress: An empirical study of hotel spa managers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.11.006
Imiroğlu, A., Demir, R., & Murat, M. (2021). Cognitive flexibility, mindfulness and hope as predictors of psychological well-being. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 20(80), 2037-2057. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.859555
Jeong, J., & Lee, J. H. (2022). Customer mistreatment, employee depression, and organizational citizenship behavior: Emotional intelligence as a moderator. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 50(3). e11167. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.11167
Kalargyrou, V., Sundar, V., & Jahani, S. (2023). Kalargyrou, V., Sundar, V., & Jahani, S. (2023). Managers’ attitudes toward employees with depression and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hospitality industry: Assessing the mediating role of personality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(2), 602-629. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2022-0082
Karatepe, O. M., & Zargar Tizabi, L. Z. (2011). Work‐related depression in the hotel industry: A study in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(5), 608-623. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111143368
Kessler, R., White, L. A., Birnbaum, H., Qiu, Y., Kidolezi, Y., Mallett, D., & Swindle, R. (2008). Comparative and interactive effects of depression relative to other health problems on work performance in the workforce of a large employer. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50(7), 809-816. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318169ccba
Khan, F., Hussain, A., Bashir, A., Asif, A. M., & Gul, S. (2021). Mediating effect of depression between loneliness and organizational commitment. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(2), 1403-1411.
Kuo, N. T., Cheng, Y. S., Chang, K. C., & Ying, W. H. (2020). Establishing a measurement scale for safety culture in the hotel industry. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 42, 12-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.11.007
Lei, M., & Chen, W. (2020). Perceived organizational support leads to less depression among hotel employees in China. Journal of Human Resource Management, 8, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jhrm.201200802.13
Limm, H., Gündel, H., Heinmüller, M., Marten-Mittag, B., Nater, U. M., Siegrist, J., & Angerer, P. (2011). Stress management interventions in the workplace improve stress reactivity: a randomised controlled trial. Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 68(2), 126-133. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.054148
Machado, I. C. K., Bernardes, J. W., Monteiro, J. K., & Marin, A. H. (2021). Stress, anxiety and depression among gastronomes: association with workplace mobbing and work–family interaction. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94, 1797-1807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01745-4
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded Sourcebook, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mino, Y., Babazono, A., Tsuda, T., & Yasuda, N. (2006). Can stress management at the workplace prevent depression? A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75(3), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1159/000091775
Mishra, S. K., Kodwani, A. D., Kumar, K. K., & Jain, K. K. (2018). Linking loneliness to depression: a dynamic perspective. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 25(7), 2089-2104. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2016-0158
Moon, H. J., Lee, S. H., Lee, H. S., Lee, K. J., & Kim, J. J. (2015). The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 27(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0081-0
Murphy, S. A., Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (2006). The individual and organizational consequences of stress, anxiety, and depression in the workplace: A case study. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 25(2), 143-157. https://doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2006-0018
Netterstrøm, B., Conrad, N., Bech, P., Fink, P., Olsen, O., Rugulies, R., & Stansfeld, S. (2008). The relation between work-related psychosocial factors and the development of depression. Epidemiologic Reviews, 30(1), 118-132. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxn004
Niesen, W., Van Hootegem, A., Handaja, Y., Batistelli, A., & De Witte, H. (2018). Quantitative and qualitative job insecurity and idea generation: the mediating role of psychological contract breach. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 3(1), 1–14. https:// doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.36.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Fredrickson, B. L., Loftus, G. R., & Wagenaar, W. A. (2009). Atkinson & Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology, Cengage Learning EMEA.
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel mülakat yapma. (Çev. M. Çakır, S. İrez). In M. Bütün ve S. B. Demir (Ed.). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri (pp.339-422) Ankara: Pegem.
Perko, K., Kinnunen, U., & Feldt, T. (2014). Transformational leadership and depressive symptoms among employees: Mediating factors. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(4), 286-304. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2012-0082
Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative research in psychology, 11(1), 25-41.
Ruiz-Palomino, P., Yáñez-Araque, B., Jiménez-Estévez, P., & Gutiérrez-Broncano, S. (2022). Can servant leadership prevent hotel employee depression during the COVID-19 pandemic? A mediating and multigroup analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121192
Shani, A., & Pizam, A. (2009). Work-related depression among hotel employees. Cornell Accommodation Quarterly, 50(4), 446-459. https://doi.org/10.1177/19389655093442
Subasi, M., & Okumus, K. (2017). Case study as a research method. Journal of Atatürk University Graduate School of Social Sciences, 21(2), 419-426.
Thanem, T., & Elraz, H. (2022). From stress to resistance: Challenging the capitalist underpinnings of mental unhealth in work and organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(4), 577-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12293
Toker, B., & Kalıpçı, M. B. (2022). The effect of employees' work-life balance on life satisfaction: an application in hotel businesses. Alanya Academic Review Journal, 7(1), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1052985
Topaloğlu, C., & Boylu, Y. (2006). Classify the types of intra-organizational conflicts: experienced in the hotels and to evaluate them in details. Journal of Muğla University Institute of Social Sciences, 16, 1-27.
Tsutsumi, A., Nagami, M., Yoshikawa, T., Kogi, K., & Kawakami, N. (2009). Participatory intervention for workplace improvements on mental health and job performance among blue-collar workers: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51(5), 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181a24d28
Vearing, A., & Mak, A. S. (2007). Big five personality and effort–reward imbalance factors in employees’ depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(7), 1744-1755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.05.011
Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Mutanen, P. (2012). Effects of resource-building group intervention on career management and mental health in work organizations: randomized controlled field trial. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 273. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025584
Yan, J., Kim, S., Zhang, S. X., Foo, M. D., Alvarez-Risco, A., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., & Yáñez, J. A. (2021). Hospitality workers’ COVID-19 risk perception and depression: A contingent model based on transactional theory of stress model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102935.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102935
Zhang, T. C., Torres, E., & Jahromi, M. F. (2020). Well on the way: An exploratory study on occupational health in hospitality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102382

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Turizm (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Melda Meliha Erbaş ^*
0000-0001-8640-5356
Türkiye

Ozan Esen
0000-0002-1410-6282
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

15 Ekim 2024

Kabul Tarihi

18 Haziran 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1567417

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73SR52CC

APA

Erbaş, M. M., & Esen, O. (2025). A qualitative case study on the evaluation of work-related depression in hotel workers: Kuşadası sample. Tourism and Recreation, 7(1), 199-207. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1567417

24661

Tourism and Recreation tarafından yayınlanan eserler Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Lisence ile lisanslanmaktadır.

A qualitative case study on the evaluation of work-related depression in hotel workers: Kuşadası sample

Abstract

Keywords

Otel çalışanlarında işe bağlı depresyonun değerlendirilmesi üzerine nitel bir vaka çalışması: Kuşadası örneği

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster